Mapping brain activity has received growing worldwide interest because it is expected to improve disease treatment and allow for the development of important neuromorphic computational methods.MEMS and microsystems ar...Mapping brain activity has received growing worldwide interest because it is expected to improve disease treatment and allow for the development of important neuromorphic computational methods.MEMS and microsystems are expected to continue to offer new and exciting solutions to meet the need for high-density,high-fidelity neural interfaces.Herein,the state-of-the-art in recording and stimulation tools for brain research is reviewed,and some of the most significant technology trends shaping the field of neurotechnology are discussed.展开更多
Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recordings.Genetically-identified classes of neurons are o...Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recordings.Genetically-identified classes of neurons are optically manipulated,though the versatility of optogenetics would be increased if independent control of distinct neural populations could be achieved on a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution.We report a scalable multisite optoelectrode design that allows simultaneous optogenetic control of two spatially intermingled neuronal populations in vivo.We describe the design,fabrication,and assembly of low-noise,multisite/multicolor optoelectrodes.Each shank of the four-shank assembly is monolithically integrated with 8 recording sites and a dualcolor waveguide mixer with a 7×30μm cross-section,coupled to 405 nm and 635 nm injection laser diodes(ILDs)via gradient-index(GRIN)lenses to meet optical and thermal design requirements.To better understand noise on the recording channels generated during diode-based activation,we developed a lumped-circuit modeling approach for EMI coupling mechanisms and used it to limit artifacts to amplitudes under 100μV upto an optical output power of 450μW.We implanted the packaged devices into the CA1 pyramidal layer of awake mice,expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in pyramidal cells and ChrimsonR in paravalbumin-expressing interneurons,and achieved optical excitation of each cell type using sub-mW illumination.We highlight the potential use of this technology for functional dissection of neural circuits.展开更多
基金We gratefully acknowledge funding from the NIH(U01-NS090526-01,R21-EB-019221-01)the NSF(1545858).
文摘Mapping brain activity has received growing worldwide interest because it is expected to improve disease treatment and allow for the development of important neuromorphic computational methods.MEMS and microsystems are expected to continue to offer new and exciting solutions to meet the need for high-density,high-fidelity neural interfaces.Herein,the state-of-the-art in recording and stimulation tools for brain research is reviewed,and some of the most significant technology trends shaping the field of neurotechnology are discussed.
基金The work has been supported by National Institute of Health under the contract No.1-U01-NS090526-01E.S.was supported by grant No.ERC-2015-StG 679253.
文摘Optogenetics allows for optical manipulation of neuronal activity and has been increasingly combined with intracellular and extracellular electrophysiological recordings.Genetically-identified classes of neurons are optically manipulated,though the versatility of optogenetics would be increased if independent control of distinct neural populations could be achieved on a sufficient spatial and temporal resolution.We report a scalable multisite optoelectrode design that allows simultaneous optogenetic control of two spatially intermingled neuronal populations in vivo.We describe the design,fabrication,and assembly of low-noise,multisite/multicolor optoelectrodes.Each shank of the four-shank assembly is monolithically integrated with 8 recording sites and a dualcolor waveguide mixer with a 7×30μm cross-section,coupled to 405 nm and 635 nm injection laser diodes(ILDs)via gradient-index(GRIN)lenses to meet optical and thermal design requirements.To better understand noise on the recording channels generated during diode-based activation,we developed a lumped-circuit modeling approach for EMI coupling mechanisms and used it to limit artifacts to amplitudes under 100μV upto an optical output power of 450μW.We implanted the packaged devices into the CA1 pyramidal layer of awake mice,expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 in pyramidal cells and ChrimsonR in paravalbumin-expressing interneurons,and achieved optical excitation of each cell type using sub-mW illumination.We highlight the potential use of this technology for functional dissection of neural circuits.
