Construction of Pd-doped RuO_(2) nanosheets for efficient and stable acidic water oxidation

RuO_(2) has been considered a potential alternative to commercial IrO_(2) for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)due to its superior intrinsic activity.However,its inherent structure dissolution in acidic environments restricts its commercial applications.In this study,we report a novel Pd-doped ruthenium oxide(Pd–RuO_(2))nanosheet catalyst that exhibits improved activity and stability through a synergistic effect of Pd modulation of Ru electronic structure and the two-dimensional structure.The catalyst exhibits excellent performance,achieving an overpotential of only 204 mVat a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2).Impressively,after undergoing 8000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry testing,the overpotential merely decreased by 5 mV.The PEM electrolyzer with Pd0.08Ru0.92O_(2) as an anode catalyst survived an almost 130 h operation at 200 mA cm^(-2).To elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the enhanced stability,we conducted an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis,which reveals that the electron transfer from Pd to Ru effectively circumvents the over-oxidation of Ru,thus playing a crucial role in enhancing the catalyst's stability.Furthermore,density functional theory(DFT)calculations provide compelling evidence that the introduction of Pd into RuO_(2) effectively modulates electron correlations and facilitates the electron transfer from Pd to Ru,thereby preventing the overoxidation of Ru.Additionally,the application of the two-dimensional structure effectively inhibited the aggregation and growth of nanoparticles,further bolstering the structural integrity of the catalyst.

In situ X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 synthesized via co-precipitation method

LiNi0.9Co0.15Al0.05O2 （NCA） material is successfully synthesized with a modified co-precipitation method,in which NH3,H2O and EDTA are used as two chelating agents. The obtained LiNi0.9Co0.15Al0.05O2 materialhas well-defined layered structure and uniform element distribution, which reveals an enhanced electro-chemical performance with a capacity retention of 97.9% after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and reduced thermalrunaway from the isothermal calorimetry test. In situ X-ray diffraction （XRD） was employed to capturethe structural changes during the charge-discharge process. The reversible evolutions of lattice parame-ters （a, b, c, and V） further verify the structural stability.

高供体电解质赋予石墨阴离子衍生界面以实现稳定钾储存

石墨负极有望应用于钾离子电池,但受到循环过程中不可控的体积波动和枝晶生长的限制.在此,我们利用酰胺基电解质构建了具有高机械强度和离子电导率的阴离子衍生界面,可有效解决这些问题.酰胺分子的高供体数可以加强溶剂分子与K+的溶剂化作用,确保更多的阴离子进入初级溶剂化鞘层.缩短的溶剂与阴离子距离有利于电子从溶剂化的K+转移到阴离子,进而促进阴离子还原.生成的富含无机物的界面缓冲了充放电过程中的体积变化,抑制了K枝晶的生成,促进了钾离子的扩散.基于此,K//K对称电池以0.15 V的极化电位稳定循环超过2800 h.石墨电极实现了C?KC60?KC48?KC36?KC_(2)4?KC8的高度可逆相变,在循环100周后仍保持了217.6 mA h g-1的高放电容量和86.9%的容量保持率.组装的全电池也表现出52.5 W h kg-1的高能量密度.这项工作突出了界面结构的重要性,并为设计高性能电解质提供了全新策略.

Oxygen vacancy promising highly reversible phase transition in layered cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

Phase transition is common during (de)-intercalating layered sodium oxides, which directly affects the structural stability and electrochemical performance. However, the artificial control of phase transition to achieve advanced sodium-ion batteries is lacking, since the remarkably little is known about the influencing factor relative to the sliding process of transition-metal slabs upon sodium release and uptake of layered oxides. Herein, we for the first time demonstrate the manipulation of oxygen vacancy concentrations in multinary metallic oxides has a significant impact on the reversibility of phase transition, thereby determining the sodium storage performance of cathode materials. Results show that abundant oxygen vacancies intrigue the return of the already slide transition-metal slabs between O_(3) and P_(3) phase transition, in contrast to the few oxygen vacancies and resulted irreversibility. Additionally, the abundant oxygen vacancies enhance the electronic and ionic conductivity of the Na0.9Ni0.3Co0.15Mn0.05Ti0.5O2 electrode, delivering the high initial Coulombic efficiency of 97.1%, large reversible capacity of 112.7 mAh·g−1, superior rate capability upon 100 C and splendid cycling performance over 1,000 cycles. Our findings open up new horizons for artificially manipulating the structural evolution and electrochemical process of layered cathodes, and pave a way in designing advanced sodium-ion batteries.