Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to ge...Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to generate less hazardous materials and more environmentally friendly sources of energy production. In this review the roles of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and IL based solvent systems as proposed alternative for conventional organic solvents are described. Since there are already many reviews on benefits of ILs, after a very brief review of ILs we focus mostly on aspects that are not covered in other reviews, in particular the known limits of these solvents. In addition, different methods to measure the physicochemical properties relevant to their use in energy storage applications such as fuel cells and batteries are introduced. The physicochemical properties that are reviewed are thermal properties, conductivity and chemical reactivity. The focus of the review is on the literature after 2008, with the exception of some important historic articles on ILs.展开更多
To be able to regulate the anionic oxygen position in ferrites,an original compositing method is developed by introducing a porous p-type phase in the n-type matrix of ferrite spinel semiconductors.A result of this me...To be able to regulate the anionic oxygen position in ferrites,an original compositing method is developed by introducing a porous p-type phase in the n-type matrix of ferrite spinel semiconductors.A result of this method is the synergetic effect of the enhanced mass and charge transport that impacted the morphology and anionic oxygen position within the MgFe_(2)O_(4) structure.Our hypothesis is that fine tuning of the anionic oxygen position in ferrites allows us to regulate their physicochemical properties significantly,with the implications for diverse applications.The electron exchange interaction(J)between O-centered and octahedral-occupying iron(Fe)-centered orbitals affected both the electrical and magnetic properties of the matrix significantly,supporting our hypothesis.The three-dimensional variable range electron hopping is one such effect.展开更多
文摘Since environmental pollution caused by chemical and energy industries has increased for several decades, there is a social expectation that scientists and engineers try to design sustainable chemical processes, to generate less hazardous materials and more environmentally friendly sources of energy production. In this review the roles of Ionic Liquids (ILs) and IL based solvent systems as proposed alternative for conventional organic solvents are described. Since there are already many reviews on benefits of ILs, after a very brief review of ILs we focus mostly on aspects that are not covered in other reviews, in particular the known limits of these solvents. In addition, different methods to measure the physicochemical properties relevant to their use in energy storage applications such as fuel cells and batteries are introduced. The physicochemical properties that are reviewed are thermal properties, conductivity and chemical reactivity. The focus of the review is on the literature after 2008, with the exception of some important historic articles on ILs.
文摘To be able to regulate the anionic oxygen position in ferrites,an original compositing method is developed by introducing a porous p-type phase in the n-type matrix of ferrite spinel semiconductors.A result of this method is the synergetic effect of the enhanced mass and charge transport that impacted the morphology and anionic oxygen position within the MgFe_(2)O_(4) structure.Our hypothesis is that fine tuning of the anionic oxygen position in ferrites allows us to regulate their physicochemical properties significantly,with the implications for diverse applications.The electron exchange interaction(J)between O-centered and octahedral-occupying iron(Fe)-centered orbitals affected both the electrical and magnetic properties of the matrix significantly,supporting our hypothesis.The three-dimensional variable range electron hopping is one such effect.
