缅甸稻飞虱的发生和防控情况

稻飞虱是缅甸水稻种植区常见且分布广泛的一类害虫,可造成农作物不同程度的减产。稻飞虱的爆发与高产品种的大规模推广种植具有一致性,同时其种群变化也与天气条件有关。近年来,缅甸中部部分省份稻飞虱大量孳生,在一定程度上,这与氮肥施用水平有关。雨季稻飞虱种群增加,7月和8月为高峰期。在缅甸,主要通过培育抗虫、抗旱、抗逆等水稻品种来防控稻飞虱。同时用诱虫灯进行早期入侵的虫源的监测,必要时,采用化学杀虫剂防治。缅甸部分农场还采用了病虫害综合管理系统(IPM),以建立健康、安全、可调节的水稻生态系统及可持续的病虫害管理。

2019年缅甸草地贪夜蛾发生情况考察报告

缅甸是我国草地贪夜蛾的重要境外虫源区,为了掌握草地贪夜蛾在缅甸的发生与防控情况,2019年5月19-25日,云南省农业科学院与缅甸农业研究司专家联合对缅甸南部、中部、中北部和东部草地贪夜蛾开展了实地调查。结果表明:缅甸全境均有草地贪夜蛾发生,为害严重,田间多种虫态并存。其中,南部玉米大部分已经收获,虫株率62.50%~97.50%;中部区域种植少量的商品甜玉米,防治到位,虫株率6.00%~7.50%;中北部曼德勒敏建玉米种植面积最大,达8000hm^2,80%的地块已成熟收获,处于吐丝-乳熟期的田块虫株率达100%,受害严重;东部掸邦虫株率59%,虫口密度2.60头/株。玉米是缅甸第二大种植作物,全年玉米种植面积达47万~52万hm^2,其中与我国云南接壤的东部掸邦是主要种植区。到5月前因无有效降雨,全境玉米尚未大面积种植,仅有零星种植,随着雨季的来临,玉米种植面积将全面增加,草地贪夜蛾种群数量也将随之增加。因此,加强与缅甸相关部门合作,密切掌握缅甸玉米种植及草地贪夜蛾的发生与防控情况,对我国草地贪夜蛾的监测预警及防控有重要的参考价值。

Current Knowledge of Mango and Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Control in Myanmar: A Review

Mango is one of the largest commercial fruits in Myanmar and the fruit fly, B. dorsalis and B. correcta are the major pests. Mango is a kind of native fruit which can grow well as natural vegetation throughout the entire country under the various climatic conditions. We aimed to point out overuse of insecticide application in agricultural sector of Myanmar and further criteria of effective fruit fly control techniques were also proposed for worldwide ecosystem. Traditional fruit fly control is primarily focused on the uncoordinated use of insecticide applications which is orchard-by-orchard strategy. However, in view of flying distance, this localized strategy is not successful and harms the ecosystem. Occasionally, fruit bagging technique was applied by some farmers. In Myanmar’s agricultural sector, numerous varieties of cheap insecticides which mostly imported from China were plentiful. While conventional insecticide application controls were implemented annually, the population of fruit flies increased year after year, particularly in tropical region. The requirement of technical-scientific research reduced the worldwide fruit fly records. Furthermore, traditional insecticide application approach inhibits the yield and quality of mangoes that have adversely affected international trade. Importantly, in long term period of the entire previous decade, the conventional insecticide application controls make more fruit fly infestation.

Efficient Protein-based Bait Formulation for Attraction and Feeding Response of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Myanmar

Protein baitsprays were produced from many different sources for the controlling fruit flies in the integrated pest management program around the world.Here,fruit fly baits were formulated based on cost-effective bait mixtures such as local jaggery,brewers spent grain(BSG),apple cider vinegar,wheat bran powder and local red wine with the fresh enzyme from papaya and pineapple.Fruit fly Baits were prepared by mixing the small amount of local detergent as insecticide.Our results indicated that the best efficient fruit fly bait for area wide integrated pest management(AW-IPM)is the BSG-based bait whereas the second efficient bait is local red wine-based bait.The highest fruit fly per trap per day(FTD)value by BSG-based bait traps was discovered.The highest female captured percentage is BSG-based bait with papaya solution.The field analysis of one week and one month old protein-based bait showed that FTD values decreased slightly while only one month old wheat bran-based bait dropped to the base.The BSG-based baits analysis is effective not only female fruit flies but also cockroaches male in Myanmar’s tropical region.Thus our results reveal that the efficient protein-based bait is the fresh BSG-based bait with papaya solution.