countries in West Africa remain a hotspot for malaria with all age groups at risk.Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium spp.are important sources of infections for malaria vectors and thus contribute to the anchoring of...countries in West Africa remain a hotspot for malaria with all age groups at risk.Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium spp.are important sources of infections for malaria vectors and thus contribute to the anchoring of the disease in favourable eco-epidemiological settings.The objective of this study was to assess the asymptomatic malaria case rates in Korhogo and Kaedi,two urban areas in northern Côte d’Ivoire and southern Mauritania,respectively.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys were carried out during the rainy season in 2014 and the dry season in 2015 in both settings.During each season,728 households were randomly selected and a household-based questionnaire was implemented to collect demographic and epidemiological data,including of malaria preventive methods used in communities.Finger-prick blood samples were obtained for biological examination using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs).Results:Overall,2672 households and 15858 consenting participants were surveyed.Plasmodium spp.infection was confirmed in 12.4%(n=832)and 0.3%(n=22)of the assessed individuals in Korhogo and Kaedi,respectively.In Korhogo,the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 10.5%(95%CI:9.7-11.2)as determined by microscopy and 9.3%(95%CI:8.6-10.0%)when assessed by RDT.In Kaedi,asymptomatic malaria prevalence was 0.2%(95%CI:0.1-0.4%)according to microscopy,while all RDTs performed were negative(n=8372).In Korhogo,asymptomatic malaria infection was significantly associated with age and season,with higher risk within the 5-14 years-old,and during the rainy season.In Kaedi,the risk of asymptomatic malaria infection was associated with season only(higher during the dry season;crude OR(cOR):6.37,95%CI:1.87-21.63).P.falciparum was the predominant species identified in both study sites representing 99.2%(n=825)in Korhogo and 59.1%(n=13)in Kaedi.Gametocytes were observed only in Korhogo and only during the rainy season at 1.3%(95%CI:0.7-2.4%).Conclusions:Our findings show a low prevalence of clinical malaria episodes with a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers in both urban areas.National policies for malaria infections are focused on treatment of symptomatic cases.Malaria control strategies should be designed for monitoring and managing malaria infections in asymptomatic carriers.Additional measures,including indoor residual spraying,effective use of long-lasting insecticidal nets is strongly needed to reduce the number of Plasmodium spp.infections in Korhogo and Kaedi.展开更多
Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and acces...Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)and environmental and socioeconomic factors in the city of Korhogo,northern Côte d'Ivoire.Methods:A cross-sectional study including 728 randomly selected households was conducted in Korhogo in March 2015.The heads of the households were interviewed about access to WASH and environmental and socioeconomic factors.All children abed between 5 and 15 years living in the households were selected to provide stool and urine samples for parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection.The relationship between infection with S.mansoni and potential risk factors was analysed by a mixed logistic regression model with‘household’as a random factor.Likelihood ratio tests were used to identify factors that were significantly associated with a Schistosoma spp.infection.Results:The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Korhogo was 1.9%(45/2341)composed of 0.3%(3/1248)S.haematobium and 3.5%(42/1202)S.mansoni.Due to the low prevalence of S.haematobium infection,risk factor analysis was limited to S.mansoni.Boys were 7.8 times more likely to be infected with S.mansoni than girls.Children between 10 and 15 years of age were 3.8 times more likely to be infected than their younger counterparts aged 5-10 years.Moreover,living in a house further away from a water access point(odds ratio[OR]=0.29,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.13-0.70)and abstaining from swimming in open freshwater bodies(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.56)were significantly associated with decreased odds of S.mansoni infection.The socioeconomic status did not appear to influence the prevalence of S.mansoni.Conclusions:A strategy to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis should focus on health education to change the behaviour of populations at risk and encourage communities to improve sanitation and infrastructure in order to reduce contact with surface water.展开更多
基金This project received financial support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)and the Canadian International Development Research Centre(IDRC)grant no.NB20283(Dr.Kone Brama)The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analyses,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘countries in West Africa remain a hotspot for malaria with all age groups at risk.Asymptomatic carriers of Plasmodium spp.are important sources of infections for malaria vectors and thus contribute to the anchoring of the disease in favourable eco-epidemiological settings.The objective of this study was to assess the asymptomatic malaria case rates in Korhogo and Kaedi,two urban areas in northern Côte d’Ivoire and southern Mauritania,respectively.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys were carried out during the rainy season in 2014 and the dry season in 2015 in both settings.During each season,728 households were randomly selected and a household-based questionnaire was implemented to collect demographic and epidemiological data,including of malaria preventive methods used in communities.Finger-prick blood samples were obtained for biological examination using microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests(RDTs).Results:Overall,2672 households and 15858 consenting participants were surveyed.Plasmodium spp.infection was confirmed in 12.4%(n=832)and 0.3%(n=22)of the assessed individuals in Korhogo and Kaedi,respectively.In Korhogo,the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria was 10.5%(95%CI:9.7-11.2)as determined by microscopy and 9.3%(95%CI:8.6-10.0%)when assessed by RDT.In Kaedi,asymptomatic malaria prevalence was 0.2%(95%CI:0.1-0.4%)according to microscopy,while all RDTs performed were negative(n=8372).In Korhogo,asymptomatic malaria infection was significantly associated with age and season,with higher risk within the 5-14 years-old,and during the rainy season.In Kaedi,the risk of asymptomatic malaria infection was associated with season only(higher during the dry season;crude OR(cOR):6.37,95%CI:1.87-21.63).P.falciparum was the predominant species identified in both study sites representing 99.2%(n=825)in Korhogo and 59.1%(n=13)in Kaedi.Gametocytes were observed only in Korhogo and only during the rainy season at 1.3%(95%CI:0.7-2.4%).Conclusions:Our findings show a low prevalence of clinical malaria episodes with a significant proportion of asymptomatic carriers in both urban areas.National policies for malaria infections are focused on treatment of symptomatic cases.Malaria control strategies should be designed for monitoring and managing malaria infections in asymptomatic carriers.Additional measures,including indoor residual spraying,effective use of long-lasting insecticidal nets is strongly needed to reduce the number of Plasmodium spp.infections in Korhogo and Kaedi.
基金This project received financial support from the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)and the Canadian International Development Research Centre(IDRC),grant no.NB20283The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analyses,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.
文摘Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)and environmental and socioeconomic factors in the city of Korhogo,northern Côte d'Ivoire.Methods:A cross-sectional study including 728 randomly selected households was conducted in Korhogo in March 2015.The heads of the households were interviewed about access to WASH and environmental and socioeconomic factors.All children abed between 5 and 15 years living in the households were selected to provide stool and urine samples for parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium infection.The relationship between infection with S.mansoni and potential risk factors was analysed by a mixed logistic regression model with‘household’as a random factor.Likelihood ratio tests were used to identify factors that were significantly associated with a Schistosoma spp.infection.Results:The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Korhogo was 1.9%(45/2341)composed of 0.3%(3/1248)S.haematobium and 3.5%(42/1202)S.mansoni.Due to the low prevalence of S.haematobium infection,risk factor analysis was limited to S.mansoni.Boys were 7.8 times more likely to be infected with S.mansoni than girls.Children between 10 and 15 years of age were 3.8 times more likely to be infected than their younger counterparts aged 5-10 years.Moreover,living in a house further away from a water access point(odds ratio[OR]=0.29,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.13-0.70)and abstaining from swimming in open freshwater bodies(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.56)were significantly associated with decreased odds of S.mansoni infection.The socioeconomic status did not appear to influence the prevalence of S.mansoni.Conclusions:A strategy to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis should focus on health education to change the behaviour of populations at risk and encourage communities to improve sanitation and infrastructure in order to reduce contact with surface water.