Effect of garlic on isoniazid and rifampicin-induced hepatic injury in rats

瞄准：为了在肝损伤上评估大蒜的 hepatoprotective 效果，由异菸肼(ZNH ) 和 rifampicin (RIF ) 导致了。方法：称 150-200 g 的 Wistar 老鼠为 28 d 与 INH 和 RIF 每日的各个的 50 mg/kg 口头上地被对待。为 hepatoprotective 研究， 0.25 g/kg 口头上地每刚准备的大蒜匀浆的天被管理在 INH+RIF 剂量前的半个小时。浆液丙氨酸 aminotransferase (中高音) ， aspartate aminotransferase (著名计算机生产厂商) 和胆红素在 d 上被估计 0， 14， 21，和 28 在所有老鼠。组织学的分析被执行估计损害到肝。每氧化(LPO ) ，作为氧化应力和非蛋白质的一个标记，为抗氧化剂的 thiols (谷胱甘肽) 铺平的类脂化合物在肝匀浆被测量。结果：有 INH+RIF 的老鼠的处理(50 mg/kg 每天每) 在由提高的浆液中高音，著名计算机生产厂商，和胆红素判定了的所有对待的动物的导致的 hepatotoxicity 铺平，焦点的 hepatocytic 坏死(6/8 ) 的存在和门 triaditis (8/8 ) 。同时每天在 0.25 g/kg 的剂量管理的大蒜在 INH+RIF 阻止了组织病理学说的损害的正式就职共同对待的动物除了在 4 个动物，它显示出仅仅中等的门 triaditis。组织学的变化在 INH+RIF 与氧化应力相关对待的动物。作为与 INH+RIF 相比与谷胱甘肽(P【0.05 ) 和 LPO (P【0.05 ) 的底层高级的显示出的 INH+RIF 一起每天大蒜匀浆收到了 0.25 g/kg 的组对待组。结论：刚准备的大蒜匀浆在实验动物模型免于导致 INH+RIF 的肝损伤。

Primary duodenal neoplasms:A retrospective clinico-pathological analysis

AIM: To analyze the clinico-pathological spectrum of primary duodenal neoplasms. METHODS: A total of 55 primary duodenal neoplasms reported in the last 10 years after excluding ampullary and periampullary tumors were included in the study. Clinical details were noted and routine hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections were studied for histological subtyping of the tumors. RESULTS: On histopathological examination primary duodenal neoplasms were categorized as: epithelial tumor in 27 cases (49.0%) including 10 cases of adenoma, 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 2 cases of Brunner gland adenoma; mesenchymal tumor in 9 cases (16.3%) consisting of 4 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, 4 cases of smooth muscle tumor and I case of neurofibroma; lymphoproliferative tumor in 12 cases (21.8%), and neuroendocrine tumor in 7 cases (12.7%). CONCLUSION: Although non-ampullary/periampullary duodenal adenocarcinomas are rare, they constitute the largest group. Histopathological examination of primary duodenal tumors is important for correct histological subtyping.

Aberrant crypt focus and fragile histidine triad protein in sporadic colorectal carcinoma

AIM:To characterize aberrant crypt focus (ACF) in adjoining mucosa in sporadic colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate fragile histidine triad (Fhit) protein and Ki67. METHODS:ACF was identified grossly and classified histologically in 75 resected specimens. ACF was typed into hyperplastic ACF (HACF) and dysplastic ACF (DACF). Sections of ACF, carcinoma and normal colonic mucosa as control were studied for Fhit and Ki67 expressions by immunohistochemistry and were grouped according to staining intensity and the number of positive stained cells observed in different histological groups. Comparison was done between the different groups by Pearson's χ 2 test and γ test for the ordinal data. P value < 0.05 was considered as significant.RESULTS:Age range was 40 to 86 years in males (mean = 43.36) and 45 to 70 years in females (mean = 56). HACF was identified in all cases studied in the non-tumorous colonic mucosa; ACF was observed as non-contiguous scattered foci, which supports the hypothesis of acquisition of single focus monoclonality by colonic epithelial cells in tumor generation. Twenty-four (32%) had DACF and were observed as closure to carcinoma foci. Intensity of Fhit expression:(1) HACF 40% exhibited strong intensity, similar to normal, moderate in 36% and weak in 24%; (2) DACF strong in 25%, moderate in 37.5% and weak in 37.5%; and (3) carcinoma negative in 16%, strong in 43% and moderate and weak in 28.5% each. Significant difference was observed in intensity of the Fhit protein expressions by HACF and DACF (P < 0.05). Tumor in older patients showed a stronger Fhit intensity compared to younger patients (P = 0.036). Vegetarian diet intake and nonsmokers showed stronger Fhit intensities. Advanced stage tumor, non-vegetarian diet and younger age was associated with loss of Fhit protein. Ki67 positivity was an extended crypt pattern in HACF and DACF showed extension up to the neck region of the crypts and surface epithelium. Carcinomas showed a marked increase in Ki67 expression (P < 0.05). Fhit protein had an inverse association with Ki67 expression. CONCLUSION:Weaker Fhit intensity was associated with smoking, non-vegetarian diet intake and increasing Ki67 expression. Loss of Fhit protein expression is possibly influenced by environmental factors like smoking and non-vegetarian diet intake.

Roles of syndecan-1, bcl6 and p53 in diagnosis and prognostication of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease

瞄准：在 immunoproliferative 的诊断和预知评估 syndecan-1， bcl6 和 p53 的角色小肠的疾病(IPSID ) 并且学习 kappa (kappa ) 和人字缝尖(人字缝尖) 的侧面轻链和 IgA 重链。方法：学习由 IPSID 的 11 个盒子和包括了 11 正常肠粘膜和回肠的 11 高等级 B 房间淋巴瘤的控制的类似的数字组成了。分析的参数包括了临床的侧面，生物化学并且另外的实验室调查，放射线学并且组织检查所见包括免疫组织化学。结果：所有 IPSID 箱子有可论证的浆液 IgA 重链和重粘膜血浆房间渗入。根据 Galian 的组织学的阶段，有有舞台 A 的 4 个病人并且 7 与舞台 B。kappa 和人字缝尖轻链在 7 个病人是过去表示的；1 舞台 A H pylori 的耐心的有的 H pylori 积极的活跃胃炎和根除导致了疾病宽恕。舞台 A 活体检视为 syndecan-1 有更高的表示，当舞台 B 为 bcl6 和 p53 有更高的表示时。Syndecan-1， kappa 和人字缝尖轻链和 IgA 重链与 bcl6 和 p53 显示出反的关系。所有病人与 doxycycline 被对待。砍政体在得了坦率的淋巴瘤的 5 个病人被增加。三由于广泛的机关渗入死于疾病。结论：象 syndecan-1， kappa 和人字缝尖轻链和 IgA 重链一样的某些免疫标记能具有在识别早阶段 IPSID 的许多帮助。舞台 B IPSID 比上演 IPSID 为 bcl6 和 p53 显示出更高的表示。bcl6 和 p53 表情与一个更多的病沉重期舞台和好攻击的瘤行为相关。

Aberrant promoter methylation of p16 in colorectal adenocarcinoma in North Indian patients

AIM:To investigate p16 gene methylation and its expression in 30 patients with sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma in a North Indian population. METHODS:Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect p16 gene methylation and immunohistochemistry was used to study the p16 expression in 30 sporadic colorectal tumors as well as adjoining and normal tissue specimens.RESULTS:Aberrant promoter methylation of p16 gene was detected in 12(40%)tumor specimens,whereas no promoter methylation was observed in adjoining and normal tissue.Immunohistochemistry showed expression of p16 protein in 26(86.6%)colorectal tumors whereas complete loss of expression was seen in 4(13.3%)and reduced expression was observed in 12(40%)tumors. In the adjoining mucosa,expression of p16 was in 11 (36.6%)whereas no clear positivity for p16 protein was seen in normal tissue.There was a significant difference in the expression of p16 protein in tumor tissue and adjoining mucosa(P<0.001).The methylation of the p16 gene had a significant effect on the expression of p16 protein(P=0.021).There was a significant association of methylation of p16 gene with the tumor size (P=0.015)and of the loss/reduced expression of p16 protein with the proximal site of the tumor(P=0.047). Promoter methylation and expression of p16 had no relation with the survival of the patients(P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation of the p16 gene results in loss/reduced expression of p16 protein and this loss/reduced expression may contribute to tumor enlargement.

Role of needle knife assisted ampullary biopsy in the diagnosis of periampullary carcinomaAbstractAIM:Tostudytheroleofneedleknifeassistedampul-

AIM:To study the role of needle knife assisted ampullary biopsy in the diagnosis of periampullary carcinoma.METHODS:In this study the authors retrospectively analyzed clinical records of patients with periampullary tumors diagnosed by ampullary biopsy taken after needle knife papillotomy in whom surface ampullary biopsies were non contributory.RESULTS:Between January 2008 and December 2010,38 patients with periampullary tumors were seen by us and initial side viewing endoscopy with surface biopsy from the papilla was positive for malignancy in 25 patients.Thirteen patients with a negative surface biopsy for malignancy underwent a repeat ampullary biopsy following needle knife papillotomy.There were 8(61.5%)males and 5(38.5%)females.The most common presenting symptom was jaundice(100%),followed by fever(46.2%),melena(38.5%),abdominal pain(30.8%)and weight loss(30.8%).All the patients had hyperbilirubinemia with a mean ± SD serum bilirubin of(11.2 ± 1.9)mg/dL(normal value <1 mg%)and the mean ± SD serum alkaline phosphatase was(288.0 ± 94.3)IU/L(normal value < 129 IU/L).Serum CA 19.9 level estimation was done in 11 patients;it was elevated(cut off value > 70.5 IU/L)in all of them with a median of 1200 IU/L(inter quartile range 274-3500).Side viewing endoscopy showed a bulky papilla in all of them.Adequate tissue was obtained in all of the 13 patients for histological evaluation;12 of the 13 patients were reported to have adenocarcinoma while one patient had adenoma.There were no complications from the needle knife papillotomy in any of the patients.CONCLUSION:Needle knife assisted ampullary biopsy appears to be a safe and effective diagnostic modality for periampullary carcinoma.

Severe mitral annular calcifi cation in rheumatic heart disease:A rare presentation

Severe mitral annular calcification(MAC)is frequently seen in patients with advanced age and chronic kidney disease,but it is rare in rheumatic heart disease(RHD).We hereby report a case of 45-year-old female with chronic RHD,who had severe MAC and mitral regurgitation.Fluoroscopy revealed a "crown"-like severe calcification of the mitral annulus.Autopsy of the heart revealed a calcified posterior mitral annulus,fused commissures,and calcified nodules at the atrial aspect of the mitral valve.