Realizing Attosecond Core-Level X-ray Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Condensed Matter Systems

Unraveling the exact nature of nonequilibrium and correlated interactions is paramount for continued progress in many areas of condensed matter science. Such insight is a prerequisite to develop an engineered approach for smart materials with targeted properties designed to address standing needs such as efficient light harvesting, energy storage, or information processing. For this goal, it is critical to unravel the dynamics of the energy conversion processes between carriers in the earliest time scales of the excitation dynamics. We discuss the implementation and benefits of attosecond soft x-ray core-level spectroscopy up to photon energies of 600 eV for measurements in solid-state systems. In particular, we examine how the pairing between coherent spectral coverage and temporal resolution provides a powerful new insight into the quantum dynamic interactions that determine the macroscopic electronic and optical response. We highlight the different building blocks of the methodology and point out the important aspects for its application from condensed matter studies to materials as thin as 25 nm. Furthermore, we discuss the technological developments in the field of tabletop attosecond soft x-ray sources with time-resolved measurements at the near and extended edge simultaneously and investigate the exciting prospective of extending such technique to the study of 2-dimensional materials.

EUV ablation of organic polymers at a high fluence

A preliminary investigation on short-wavelength ablation mechanisms of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(1,4-phenylene ether ether-sulfone)(PPEES) by extreme ultraviolet(EUV) radiation at 13.5 nm using a table-top laserproduced plasma from a gas-puff target at LLG(Gttingen) and at 46.9 nm by a 10 Hz desktop capillary discharge laser operated at the Institute of Physics(Prague) is presented.Ablation of polymer materials is initiated by photoinduced polymer chain scissions.The ablation occurs due to the formation of volatile products by the EUV radiolysis removed as an ablation plume from the irradiated material into the vacuum.In general,cross-linking of polymer molecules can compete with the chain decomposition.Both processes may influence the efficiency and quality of micro(nano)structuring in polymer materials.Wavelength is a critical parameter to be taken into account when an EUV ablation process occurs,because different wavelengths result in different energy densities in the near-surface region of the polymer exposed to nanosecond pulses of intense EUV radiation.