Gemcitabine chemotherapy has been the standard for advanced pancreatic cancer for more than a decade.New oral fluoropyrimidines such as S-1 and capecitabine are other key drugs.Gemcitabine plus erlotinib was the only ...Gemcitabine chemotherapy has been the standard for advanced pancreatic cancer for more than a decade.New oral fluoropyrimidines such as S-1 and capecitabine are other key drugs.Gemcitabine plus erlotinib was the only combination therapy that significantly prolonged survival,although the effect was minimal.Little or no improvement in survival with recent moleculartargeted drugs might be attributed to the very high incidence of K-ras gene mutation in pancreatic cancer.Recently,the non-gemcitabine-based-regimen of FOLFIRINOX showed significantly greater overall survival compared with gemcitabine for the first time.For biliary tract cancer,gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination chemotherapy has been proved to significantly prolong survival and will become the standard therapy.Further improvement in survival is expected by the addition of cetuximab.展开更多
Covered self-expandable metal stents were developed to overcome tumor in-growth through the metal mesh.Stent migration is one of their malfunctions.Recently,the partially covered wallflex stent(PCWS) was developed wit...Covered self-expandable metal stents were developed to overcome tumor in-growth through the metal mesh.Stent migration is one of their malfunctions.Recently,the partially covered wallflex stent(PCWS) was developed with flared ends to prevent migration However,difficulty has been reported in its removal.We describe the removal of a PCWS embedded in mucosal hyperplasia at the uncovered proximal flared end,visualized by using SpyGlass cholangioscopy.展开更多
文摘Gemcitabine chemotherapy has been the standard for advanced pancreatic cancer for more than a decade.New oral fluoropyrimidines such as S-1 and capecitabine are other key drugs.Gemcitabine plus erlotinib was the only combination therapy that significantly prolonged survival,although the effect was minimal.Little or no improvement in survival with recent moleculartargeted drugs might be attributed to the very high incidence of K-ras gene mutation in pancreatic cancer.Recently,the non-gemcitabine-based-regimen of FOLFIRINOX showed significantly greater overall survival compared with gemcitabine for the first time.For biliary tract cancer,gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination chemotherapy has been proved to significantly prolong survival and will become the standard therapy.Further improvement in survival is expected by the addition of cetuximab.
文摘Covered self-expandable metal stents were developed to overcome tumor in-growth through the metal mesh.Stent migration is one of their malfunctions.Recently,the partially covered wallflex stent(PCWS) was developed with flared ends to prevent migration However,difficulty has been reported in its removal.We describe the removal of a PCWS embedded in mucosal hyperplasia at the uncovered proximal flared end,visualized by using SpyGlass cholangioscopy.
