Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Herbivores and Its Stimulation to Major Insect Pests in Rice

Nitrogen is one of the most important factors in development of herbivore populations. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in plants can normally increase herbivore feeding preference, food consumption, survival, growth, reproduction, and population density, except few examples that nitrogen fertilizer reduces the herbivore performances. In most of the rice growing areas in Asia, the great increases in populations of major insect pests of rice, including planthoppers （Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera）, leaffolder （ Cnaphalocrocis rnedinalis）, and stem borers （Scirpophaga incertulas, Chilo suppressalis, S. innotata, C. polychrysus and Sesarnia inferens） were closely related to the long-term excessive application of nitrogen fertilizers. The optimal regime of nitrogen fertilizer in irrigated paddy fields is proposed to improve the fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and reduce the environmental pollution.

Mechanisms for flowering plants to benefit arthropod natural enemies of insect pests： Prospects for enhanced use in agriculture

Reduction of noncrop habitats, intensive use of pesticides and high levels of disturbance associated with intensive crop production simplify the farming landscape and bring about a sharp decline of biodiversity. This, in turn, weakens the biological control ecosystem service provided by arthropod natural enemies. Strategic use of flowering plants to enhance plant biodiversity in a well-targeted manner can provide natural enemies with food sources and shelter to improve biological control and reduce dependence on chemical pesticides. This article reviews the nutritional value of various types of plant-derived food for natural enemies, possible adverse effects on pest management, and the practical application of flowering plants in orchards, vegetables and field crops, agricultural systems where most research has taken place. Prospects for more effective use of flowering plants to maximize biological control of insect pests in agroecosystem are good but depend up on selection of optimal plant species based on information on the ecological mechanisms by which natural enemies are selectively favored over pest species.

Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island,China(Araneae:Lycosidae)

Twenty-eight species in 14 genera of the family Lycosidae Sundevall,1833 are documented from Hainan Island,China,including five new species:Allotrochosina huangi Wang,Li&Zhang,sp.nov.(♂♀),Al.limu Wang,Li&Zhang,sp.nov.(♂),Arctosa hainan Wang,Li&Zhang,sp.nov.(♂♀),Ar.tangguoi Wang,Li&Zhang,sp.nov.(♂)and Zoica hainan Wang,Li&Zhang,sp.nov.(♂♀).Eight new synonyms are proposed:Arctosa danzhounensis Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=Ar.springiosa Yin,Wang,Xie&Peng,1993;Hippasa sinsiloides Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=H.holmerae Thorell,1895;Lycosa hawigvittata Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=L.vittata Yin,Bao&Zhang,1995;Pardosa daxiansongi Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=P.pusiola(Thorell,1891);P.tieshinglii Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=P.sumatrana(Thorell,1890);P.villarealae Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=P.sumatrana(Thorell,1890);Pirata sanya Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=Lysania pygmaea Thorell,1890;Pirata catindigae Barrion,Barrion-Dupo&Heong,2012 syn.nov.=Pi.subpiratica(Bösenberg&Strand,1906).The genus Allotrochosina Roewer,1960 and the species Wadicosa okinawensis(Tanaka,1985)are newly recorded from China,and Pardosa aciculifera Chen,Song&Li,2001 is recorded from Thailand for the first time.Females of Arctosa tridentata Chen&Song,1999 and Ocyale qiongzhongensis Yin&Peng,1997 are described for the first time.Morphological illustrations and photos of all species are given.