In this paper, we study the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for aKirchhoff-type problem involving the fractional Laplacian operator. By using the constraintvariation method and quantitative deformati...In this paper, we study the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for aKirchhoff-type problem involving the fractional Laplacian operator. By using the constraintvariation method and quantitative deformation lemma, we obtain a least energy nodal solu-tion ub for the given problem. Moreover, we show that the energy of ub is strictly larger thantwice the ground state energy. We also give a convergence property of ub as b O, where bis regarded as a positive parameter.展开更多
The changeable structure of 2 D graphene nanosheets makes the Pt-based nanoparticles(NPs) possess a low efficiency toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and a short lifetime for proton exchange membrane fuel cells...The changeable structure of 2 D graphene nanosheets makes the Pt-based nanoparticles(NPs) possess a low efficiency toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and a short lifetime for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Thus, a unique Ti C@graphene core-shell structure material with low surface energy is designed and prepared by an in situ forming strategy, and firstly applied as a stable support of Pt NPs.The as-prepared Pt/GNS@Ti C catalyst presents a high activity. Especially, its ORR stability is remarkably improved. Even after 15000 potential cycles, the half-wave potential and mass activity toward ORR have almost no change. This can be attributed to that the graphene nanosheet existing in a sphere shape effectively avoids the restacking or folding caused by the giant surface tension in 2 D graphene nanosheets,impeding the decrease of the triple-phase boundary on Pt NPs. Significantly, the power density of fuel cells with our novel catalyst reaches 853 m V cmunder a low Pt loading(0.25 mg Pt cm) and H/Air conditions. These indicate the new ceramic@graphene core-shell nanocomposite is a promising application in fuel cells and other fields.展开更多
In this paper,we study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the following fractional Kirchhoff-Choquard equation with magnetic fields:(aε^(2s)+bε^(4 s-3)[u]_(ε)^(2),A/ε)(-Δ)_(A/ε)^(s)u+V(...In this paper,we study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the following fractional Kirchhoff-Choquard equation with magnetic fields:(aε^(2s)+bε^(4 s-3)[u]_(ε)^(2),A/ε)(-Δ)_(A/ε)^(s)u+V(x)u=ε^(-α)(Iα*F(|u|^(2)))f(|u|^(2))u in R^(3).Hereε>0 is a small parameter,a,b>0 are constants,s E(0,1),(-Δ)As is the fractional magnetic Laplacian,A:R^(3)→R^(3) is a smooth magnetic potential,Iα=Γ(3-α/2)/2απ3/2Γ(α/2)·1/|x|^(α) is the Riesz potential,the potential V is a positive continuous function having a local minimum,and f:R→R is a C^(1) subcritical nonlinearity.Under some proper assumptions regarding V and f,we show the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions with the topology of the set M:={x∈R^(3):V(x)=inf V}by applying the penalization method and LjusternikSchnirelmann theory for the above equation.展开更多
Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications ...Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond.Exosomes,small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells,have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair.One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy,such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types.However,further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy,not only in the areas of exosome isolation,characterization,and engineering,but also in determining the optimal dose,timing,administration,and frequency of exosome therapy.Thus,optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer,ischemia,or inflammation.This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.展开更多
The addition of organic matter via green manure rotation with rice is considered a smart agricultural practice to maintain soil productivity and support environmental sustainability.However,few studies have quantitati...The addition of organic matter via green manure rotation with rice is considered a smart agricultural practice to maintain soil productivity and support environmental sustainability.However,few studies have quantitatively assessed the impact of green manure rotation and application on the interactions between agronomic management practice,soil fertility,and crop production.In this study,800 pairs of data from 108 studies conducted in the agricultural region of the Yangtze River,China were assessed,and random forest(RF)modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of green manure rotation and application on rice yield and soil properties.Compared to a winter fallow system,rotation and application of green manure significantly increased rice yield and soil organic carbon(SOC)by 8.1%and 8.4%,respectively.According to the RF models,rice type,green manure application rate and duration,mineral and organic nitrogen application rates,and initial SOC content and soil pH were identified as the main drivers for rice yield and SOC changes.Marginal benefit analysis revealed that green manure application rates for early rice in double cropping system and the rice in single cropping system were approximately 20 and 26 t ha-1(fresh weight),respectively.Further,the optimum green manure application rate was approximately 25 t ha-1(fresh weight)for carbon sequestration.However,it should be noted that green manure application to soils with high SOC level might result in the soils becoming a net carbon source.Our study contributed scientific and quantitative indicators for achieving the greatest benefits in rice yield and increasing SOC upon application of green manure.展开更多
Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment(TME)in liver cancer.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are p...Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment(TME)in liver cancer.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are present at all stages of liver cancer progression,and targeting TAMs has become one of the most favored immunotherapy strategies.In addition,macrophages and liver cancer cells have distinct origins.At the early stage of liver cancer,macrophages can provide a niche for the maintenance of liver cancer stem cells.In contrast,cancer stem cells(CSCs)or poorly differentiated tumor cells are key factors modulating macrophage activation.In the present review,we first propose the origin connection between precursor macrophages and liver cancer cells.Macrophages undergo dynamic phenotypic transition during carcinogenesis.In this course of such transition,it is critical to determine the appropriate timing for therapy and block specific markers to suppress protumoral TAMs.The present review provides a more detailed discussion of transition trends of such surface markers than previous reviews.Complex crosstalk occurs between TAMs and liver cancer cells.TAMs play indispensable roles in tumor progression,angiogenesis,and autophagy due to their heterogeneity and robust plasticity.In addition,macrophages in the TME interact with other immune cells by directing cell-to-cell contact or secreting various effector molecules.Similarly,tumor cells combined with other immune cells can drive macrophage recruitment and polarization.Despite the latest achievements and the advancements in treatment strategies following TAMs studies,comprehensive discussions on the communication between macrophages and cancer cells or immune cells in liver cancer are currently lacking.In this review,we discussed the interactions between TAMs and liver cancer cells(from cell origin to maturation),the latest therapeutic strategies(including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages),and critical clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocar-cinoma(iCCA)to provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of TAMs as a potential target for treating patients with liver cancer.展开更多
Background:Recent evidence has shown that prophylactic antibiotic treatment in patients with acute pancreatitis is not associated with a significant decrease in mortality or morbidity.The use and efficacy of prophylac...Background:Recent evidence has shown that prophylactic antibiotic treatment in patients with acute pancreatitis is not associated with a significant decrease in mortality or morbidity.The use and efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in acute pancreatitis remain controversial.This meta-analysis was conducted to assess whether antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods:We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of prophylactic use of antibiotics using Medline(PubMed),Embase,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.We performed pooled analyses for infected pancreatic necrosis,mortality,surgical intervention,and non-pancreatic infection.Odds ratios(ORs)from each trial were pooled using a random or fixed effects model,depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies.Sub-group analysis or sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity,when necessary.Results:Totally,11 RCTs involving 747 participants were included,with an intervention group(prophylactic use of antibiotics,n=376)and control group(n=371).No significant differences were found regarding antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis(OR,0.74;95%confidence interval[CI],0.50–1.09;P=0.13),surgical intervention(OR,0.92;95%CI,0.62–1.38;P=0.70),and morality(OR,0.71;95%CI,0.44–1.15;P=0.16).However,antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of non-pancreatic infection(OR,0.59;95%CI,0.42–0.84;P=0.004).Conclusions:Prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of non-pancreatic infection in patients with AP.展开更多
There is controversy regarding the perioperative complications,safety,and long-term quality of life for duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR)and pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).We performed a comparative an...There is controversy regarding the perioperative complications,safety,and long-term quality of life for duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR)and pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).We performed a comparative analysis of DPPHR and PD in the treatment of benign and low-grade malignant diseases of the pancreatic head.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University(No.K202001-14),and was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Because this was a retrospective study and the data analysis was performed anonymously,this study was exempt from informed consent from patients.展开更多
Background and aim:a-complex protein-2(aCP2)encoded by the poly(rC)binding protein 2(PCBP2)gene is responsible for the accumulation of type I collagen in fibrotic livers.In this study,we silenced the PCBP2 gene using ...Background and aim:a-complex protein-2(aCP2)encoded by the poly(rC)binding protein 2(PCBP2)gene is responsible for the accumulation of type I collagen in fibrotic livers.In this study,we silenced the PCBP2 gene using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)to reverse alcohol-and cytokine-induced profibrogenic effects on hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods:Primary rat HSCs and the HSC-T6 cell line were used as fibrogenic models to mimic the initiation and perpetuation stages of fibrogenesis,respectively.We previously found that a PCBP2 siRNA,which efficiently silences expression of aCP2,reduces the stability of type I collagen mRNA.We investigated the effects of the PCBP2 siRNA on cell proliferation and migration.Expression of type I collagen in HSCs was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.In addition,we evaluated the effects of the PCBP2 siRNA on apoptosis and the cell cycle.Results:PCBP2 siRNA reversed multiple alcohol-and cytokine-induced profibrogenic effects on primary rat HSCs and HSC-T6 cells.The PCBP2 siRNA also reversed alcohol-and cytokine-induced accumulation of type I collagen as well as cell proliferation and migration.Moreover,the combination of LY2109761,a transforming growth factor-b1 inhibitor,and the PCBP2 siRNA exerted a synergistic inhibitive effect on the accumulation of type I collagen in HSCs.Conclusions:Silencing of PCBP2 using siRNA could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alcoholic liver fibrosis.展开更多
基金supported by the NSFC(11501231)the "Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(WUT2017IVA077,2018IB014)
文摘In this paper, we study the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions for aKirchhoff-type problem involving the fractional Laplacian operator. By using the constraintvariation method and quantitative deformation lemma, we obtain a least energy nodal solu-tion ub for the given problem. Moreover, we show that the energy of ub is strictly larger thantwice the ground state energy. We also give a convergence property of ub as b O, where bis regarded as a positive parameter.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(nos.51372186 and 51672204)
文摘The changeable structure of 2 D graphene nanosheets makes the Pt-based nanoparticles(NPs) possess a low efficiency toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and a short lifetime for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Thus, a unique Ti C@graphene core-shell structure material with low surface energy is designed and prepared by an in situ forming strategy, and firstly applied as a stable support of Pt NPs.The as-prepared Pt/GNS@Ti C catalyst presents a high activity. Especially, its ORR stability is remarkably improved. Even after 15000 potential cycles, the half-wave potential and mass activity toward ORR have almost no change. This can be attributed to that the graphene nanosheet existing in a sphere shape effectively avoids the restacking or folding caused by the giant surface tension in 2 D graphene nanosheets,impeding the decrease of the triple-phase boundary on Pt NPs. Significantly, the power density of fuel cells with our novel catalyst reaches 853 m V cmunder a low Pt loading(0.25 mg Pt cm) and H/Air conditions. These indicate the new ceramic@graphene core-shell nanocomposite is a promising application in fuel cells and other fields.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12161038)Science and Technology project of Jiangxi provincial Department of Education(GJJ212204)+1 种基金supported by Natural Science Foundation program of Jiangxi Provincial(20202BABL211005)supported by the Guiding Project in Science and Technology Research Plan of the Education Department of Hubei Province(B2019142)。
文摘In this paper,we study the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for the following fractional Kirchhoff-Choquard equation with magnetic fields:(aε^(2s)+bε^(4 s-3)[u]_(ε)^(2),A/ε)(-Δ)_(A/ε)^(s)u+V(x)u=ε^(-α)(Iα*F(|u|^(2)))f(|u|^(2))u in R^(3).Hereε>0 is a small parameter,a,b>0 are constants,s E(0,1),(-Δ)As is the fractional magnetic Laplacian,A:R^(3)→R^(3) is a smooth magnetic potential,Iα=Γ(3-α/2)/2απ3/2Γ(α/2)·1/|x|^(α) is the Riesz potential,the potential V is a positive continuous function having a local minimum,and f:R→R is a C^(1) subcritical nonlinearity.Under some proper assumptions regarding V and f,we show the multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions with the topology of the set M:={x∈R^(3):V(x)=inf V}by applying the penalization method and LjusternikSchnirelmann theory for the above equation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82060245 and 82260254)Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,National Institutes of Health,under Contract Nos.R21 AI152832 and R03 AI165170(PI:Yuanyuan Zhang).
文摘Exosome therapy holds great promise as a novel approach to improve acute skin wound healing.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of exosome biology and its potential applications in acute skin wound healing and beyond.Exosomes,small extracellular vesicles secreted by various stem cells,have emerged as potent mediators of intercellular communication and tissue repair.One advantage of exosome therapy is its ability to avoid potential risks associated with stem cell therapy,such as immune rejection or stem cells differentiating into unwanted cell types.However,further research is necessary to optimize exosome therapy,not only in the areas of exosome isolation,characterization,and engineering,but also in determining the optimal dose,timing,administration,and frequency of exosome therapy.Thus,optimization of exosome therapy is critical for the development of more effective and safer exosome-based therapies for acute skin wound healing and other diseases induced by cancer,ischemia,or inflammation.This review provides valuable insights into the potential of exosome therapy and highlights the need for further research to optimize exosome therapy for clinical use.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41907073)Additionally,the work contributes to the activities of the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(No.CX(22)2002).
文摘The addition of organic matter via green manure rotation with rice is considered a smart agricultural practice to maintain soil productivity and support environmental sustainability.However,few studies have quantitatively assessed the impact of green manure rotation and application on the interactions between agronomic management practice,soil fertility,and crop production.In this study,800 pairs of data from 108 studies conducted in the agricultural region of the Yangtze River,China were assessed,and random forest(RF)modeling was performed to evaluate the effect of green manure rotation and application on rice yield and soil properties.Compared to a winter fallow system,rotation and application of green manure significantly increased rice yield and soil organic carbon(SOC)by 8.1%and 8.4%,respectively.According to the RF models,rice type,green manure application rate and duration,mineral and organic nitrogen application rates,and initial SOC content and soil pH were identified as the main drivers for rice yield and SOC changes.Marginal benefit analysis revealed that green manure application rates for early rice in double cropping system and the rice in single cropping system were approximately 20 and 26 t ha-1(fresh weight),respectively.Further,the optimum green manure application rate was approximately 25 t ha-1(fresh weight)for carbon sequestration.However,it should be noted that green manure application to soils with high SOC level might result in the soils becoming a net carbon source.Our study contributed scientific and quantitative indicators for achieving the greatest benefits in rice yield and increasing SOC upon application of green manure.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:8187111473,8217113337。
文摘Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment(TME)in liver cancer.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are among the most abundant immune cells infiltrating the TME and are present at all stages of liver cancer progression,and targeting TAMs has become one of the most favored immunotherapy strategies.In addition,macrophages and liver cancer cells have distinct origins.At the early stage of liver cancer,macrophages can provide a niche for the maintenance of liver cancer stem cells.In contrast,cancer stem cells(CSCs)or poorly differentiated tumor cells are key factors modulating macrophage activation.In the present review,we first propose the origin connection between precursor macrophages and liver cancer cells.Macrophages undergo dynamic phenotypic transition during carcinogenesis.In this course of such transition,it is critical to determine the appropriate timing for therapy and block specific markers to suppress protumoral TAMs.The present review provides a more detailed discussion of transition trends of such surface markers than previous reviews.Complex crosstalk occurs between TAMs and liver cancer cells.TAMs play indispensable roles in tumor progression,angiogenesis,and autophagy due to their heterogeneity and robust plasticity.In addition,macrophages in the TME interact with other immune cells by directing cell-to-cell contact or secreting various effector molecules.Similarly,tumor cells combined with other immune cells can drive macrophage recruitment and polarization.Despite the latest achievements and the advancements in treatment strategies following TAMs studies,comprehensive discussions on the communication between macrophages and cancer cells or immune cells in liver cancer are currently lacking.In this review,we discussed the interactions between TAMs and liver cancer cells(from cell origin to maturation),the latest therapeutic strategies(including chimeric antigen receptor macrophages),and critical clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and intrahepatic cholangiocar-cinoma(iCCA)to provide a rationale for further clinical investigation of TAMs as a potential target for treating patients with liver cancer.
文摘Background:Recent evidence has shown that prophylactic antibiotic treatment in patients with acute pancreatitis is not associated with a significant decrease in mortality or morbidity.The use and efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in acute pancreatitis remain controversial.This meta-analysis was conducted to assess whether antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial in patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods:We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of prophylactic use of antibiotics using Medline(PubMed),Embase,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software.We performed pooled analyses for infected pancreatic necrosis,mortality,surgical intervention,and non-pancreatic infection.Odds ratios(ORs)from each trial were pooled using a random or fixed effects model,depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies.Sub-group analysis or sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity,when necessary.Results:Totally,11 RCTs involving 747 participants were included,with an intervention group(prophylactic use of antibiotics,n=376)and control group(n=371).No significant differences were found regarding antibiotic prophylaxis with respect to incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis(OR,0.74;95%confidence interval[CI],0.50–1.09;P=0.13),surgical intervention(OR,0.92;95%CI,0.62–1.38;P=0.70),and morality(OR,0.71;95%CI,0.44–1.15;P=0.16).However,antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of non-pancreatic infection(OR,0.59;95%CI,0.42–0.84;P=0.004).Conclusions:Prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of non-pancreatic infection in patients with AP.
文摘There is controversy regarding the perioperative complications,safety,and long-term quality of life for duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection(DPPHR)and pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).We performed a comparative analysis of DPPHR and PD in the treatment of benign and low-grade malignant diseases of the pancreatic head.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University(No.K202001-14),and was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Because this was a retrospective study and the data analysis was performed anonymously,this study was exempt from informed consent from patients.
基金This work was supported by an award(1R01AA021510)from the National Institutes of Health.
文摘Background and aim:a-complex protein-2(aCP2)encoded by the poly(rC)binding protein 2(PCBP2)gene is responsible for the accumulation of type I collagen in fibrotic livers.In this study,we silenced the PCBP2 gene using a small interfering RNA(siRNA)to reverse alcohol-and cytokine-induced profibrogenic effects on hepatic stellate cells(HSCs).Methods:Primary rat HSCs and the HSC-T6 cell line were used as fibrogenic models to mimic the initiation and perpetuation stages of fibrogenesis,respectively.We previously found that a PCBP2 siRNA,which efficiently silences expression of aCP2,reduces the stability of type I collagen mRNA.We investigated the effects of the PCBP2 siRNA on cell proliferation and migration.Expression of type I collagen in HSCs was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting.In addition,we evaluated the effects of the PCBP2 siRNA on apoptosis and the cell cycle.Results:PCBP2 siRNA reversed multiple alcohol-and cytokine-induced profibrogenic effects on primary rat HSCs and HSC-T6 cells.The PCBP2 siRNA also reversed alcohol-and cytokine-induced accumulation of type I collagen as well as cell proliferation and migration.Moreover,the combination of LY2109761,a transforming growth factor-b1 inhibitor,and the PCBP2 siRNA exerted a synergistic inhibitive effect on the accumulation of type I collagen in HSCs.Conclusions:Silencing of PCBP2 using siRNA could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alcoholic liver fibrosis.