调控双钙钛矿中高熵组分促进高温析氧反应

固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)中阳极析氧反应动力学较为迟缓,限制了SOEC器件电催化转化能力,因此针对阳极材料的改性研究对于进一步提升SOEC电化学性能十分关键。高熵钙钛矿(HEP)在许多反应中表现出良好的催化活性,但在SOEC中的应用鲜有研究。本文通过在双钙钛矿的A位或A'位分别掺杂不同的稀土金属、碱土金属或碱金属离子,合成了(Pr_(0.2)La_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Nd_(0.2)Gd_(0.2))BaCo_(2)O_(6-δ)(A-HEP)和Pr(Ba_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Ca_(0.2)Na_(0.2)K_(0.2))Co_(2)O_(6-δ)(A'-HEP)两种高熵钙钛矿材料。由于掺杂离子平均半径和氧化态的差异,A-HEP保持四方双钙钛矿相结构而A'-HEP则转变为正交单钙钛矿相。物理化学表征结果表明,A-HEP中Co平均价态更高,Co 2p-O 1s杂化更强,从而增加了电子转移路径并降低了转移能垒。同时,A-HEP中表面氧空位浓度更高,可为阳极析氧反应提供更多的活性位点。因此,在具有A-HEP阳极的SOEC中,与氧输运、电子传输和表界面反应过程相关的阳极极化电阻显著降低,并在800℃下实现最高1.76 A·cm^(-2)的电流密度和200 h的稳定性。本工作为高熵钙钛矿材料在SOEC阳极中的应用提供了新的策略。

基于热糖化法体外生化抗糖化评价体系的优化与应用

面对日益增长的抗糖化原料筛选需求,现有的体外生化抗糖化评价体系、抗糖化细胞模型和人体功效评价方法因周期长或成本高等问题,不适用于原料的大规模初筛。实验周期短、成本低、操作简便、重复性好用于抗糖化原料初步筛选的评价方法亟待确立。基于热糖化法对体外生化抗糖化评价体系进行了优化,通过检测阿魏酸、原花青素、芦丁、L-抗坏血酸等8种原料进行了抑制荧光性AGEs(Advanced glycation end products)、降解荧光性AGEs原料筛选适用性探究。并将筛选结果与已发表研究、检测AGEs降解能力的AGEs-胶原蛋白交联破坏能力实验结果进行对比,对体系筛选能力、优势和局限性进行了讨论分析。确立了优化后的反应体系为:20 mg/mL牛血清白蛋白、1 mol/L葡萄糖、0.1 mol/L PBS缓冲液组成的反应体系下,50℃、孵育48 h后,在λ_(ex)/λ_(em)=370/452 nm波长下进行荧光强度的检测。在抑制/降解荧光性AGEs的测试中,测试2%的阿魏酸、原花青素、芦丁溶液抑制率分别达到56%,86%,95%,具有较好的抗糖化效果,阿魏酸、芦丁表现出潜在降解AGEs的趋势。优化后的体系,虽然在降解荧光性AGEs的应用上,相较于AGEs-胶原蛋白交联破坏能力测试的方法,在对照体系设置及实验结果上存在一定的局限性。但在筛选抑制荧光性AGEs的原料方面,结果稳定性、真实性佳,极大缩短了试验周期,为抗糖化功效添加剂的筛选和相应产品的开发提供了快速、稳定、节约经济成本的技术平台。

Study on the catalytic degradation of sodium lignosulfonate to aromatic aldehydes over nano-CuO:Process optimization and reaction kinetics

As one of the few renewable aromatic resources,the research of depolymerization of lignin into highvalue chemicals has attracted extensive attention in recent years.Catalytic wet aerobic oxidation(CWAO)is an effective technology to convert lignin like sodium lignosulfonate(SL),a lignin derivative,into aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin and syringaldehyde.However,how to improve the yield of aromatic aldehyde and conversion efficiency is still a challenge,and many operating conditions that significantly affect the yield of these aromatic compounds have rarely been investigated systematically.In this work,we adopted the stirred tank reactor(STR)for the CWAO process with nano-CuO as catalyst to achieve the conversion of SL into vanillin and syringaldehyde.The effect of operating conditions including reaction time,oxygen partial pressure,reaction temperature,SL concentration,rotational speed,catalyst amount,and NaOH concentration on the yield of single phenolic compound was systematically investigated.The results revealed that all these operating conditions exhibit a significant effect on the aromatic aldehyde yield.Therefore,they should be regulated in an optimal value to obtain high yield of these aldehydes.More importantly,the reaction kinetics of the lignin oxidation was explored.This work could provide basic data for the optimization and design of industrial operation of lignin oxidation.

A Study of Methods to Identify Industry-University-Research Institution Cooperation Partners based on Innovation Chain Theory

Purpose： This study aims at identifying potential industry-university-research collaboration（IURC） partners effectively and analyzes the conditions and dynamics in the IURC process based on innovation chain theory.Design/methodology/approach： The method utilizes multisource data, combining bibliometric and econometrics analyses to capture the core network of the existing collaboration networks and institution competitiveness in the innovation chain. Furthermore, a new identification method is constructed that takes into account the law of scientific research cooperation and economic factors.Findings： Empirical analysis of the genetic engineering vaccine field shows that through the distribution characteristics of creative technologies from different institutions, the analysis based on the innovation chain can identify the more complementary capacities among organizations.Research limitations： In this study, the overall approach is shaped by the theoretical concept of an innovation chain, a linear innovation model with specific types or stages of innovation activities in each phase of the chain, and may, thus, overlook important feedback mechanisms in the innovation process.Practical implications： Industry-university-research institution collaborations are extremely important in promoting the dissemination of innovative knowledge, enhancing the quality of innovation products, and facilitating the transformation of scientific achievements.Originality/value： Compared to previous studies, this study emulates the real conditions of IURC. Thus, the rule of technological innovation can be better revealed, the potential partners of IURC can be identified more readily, and the conclusion has more value.

Neuroprotective effects of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein during mild hypothermia on traumatic brain injury

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein（CIRP）, a key regulatory protein, could be facilitated by mild hypothermia in the brain, heart and liver. This study observed the effects of mild hypothermia at 31 ± 0.5℃ on traumatic brain injury in rats. Results demonstrated that mild hypothermia suppressed apoptosis in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, facilitated CIRP m RNA and protein expression in these regions, especially in the hypothalamus. The anti-apoptotic effect of mild hypothermia disappeared after CIRP silencing. There was no correlation between mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and CIRP silencing. CIRP silencing inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation. These indicate that CIRP inhibits apoptosis by affecting extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 activation, and exerts a neuroprotective effect during mild hypothermia for traumatic brain injury.

Thermodynamics at microscales: 3D→2D, 1D and 0D

Today, the laws of traditional thermodynamics are facing challenges when science is growing rapidly toward the microscale-world, even quantum hypothesis. In this work, the thermodynamics of nano-confinement and quantum thermodynamics are summarized to illustrate their developments at the microscales.

Topic Detection Based on Weak Tie Analysis： A Case Study of LIS Research

Purpose: Based on the weak tie theory, this paper proposes a series of connection indicators Acof weak tie subnets and weak tie nodes to detect research topics, recognize their connections, and understand their evolution.Design/methodology/approach: First, keywords are extracted from article titles and preprocessed. Second, high-frequency keywords are selected to generate weak tie co-occurrence networks. By removing the internal lines of clustered sub-topic networks, we focus on the analysis of weak tie subnets’ composition and functions and the weak tie nodes’ roles.Findings: The research topics’ clusters and themes changed yearly; the subnets clustered with technique-related and methodology-related topics have been the core, important subnets for years; while close subnets are highly independent, research topics are generally concentrated and most topics are application-related; the roles and functions of nodes and weak ties are diversified.Research limitations: The parameter values are somewhat inconsistent; the weak tie subnets and nodes are classified based on empirical observations, and the conclusions are not verified or compared to other methods.Practical implications: The research is valuable for detecting important research topics as well as their roles, interrelations, and evolution trends. Originality/value: To contribute to the strength of weak tie theory, the research translates weak and strong ties concepts to co-occurrence strength, and analyzes weak ties’ functions. Also, the research proposes a quantitative method to classify and measure the topics’ clusters and nodes.

Identification and Prediction of Interdisciplinary Research Topics: A Study Based on the Concept Lattice Theory

Purpose: Formal concept analysis(FCA) and concept lattice theory(CLT) are introduced for constructing a network of IDR topics and for evaluating their effectiveness for knowledge structure exploration.Design/methodology/approach: We introduced the theory and applications of FCA and CLT, and then proposed a method for interdisciplinary knowledge discovery based on CLT. As an example of empirical analysis, interdisciplinary research(IDR) topics in Information & Library Science(LIS) and Medical Informatics, and in LIS and Geography-Physical, were utilized as empirical fields. Subsequently, we carried out a comparative analysis with two other IDR topic recognition methods.Findings: The CLT approach is suitable for IDR topic identification and predictions.Research limitations: IDR topic recognition based on the CLT is not sensitive to the interdisciplinarity of topic terms, since the data can only reflect whether there is a relationship between the discipline and the topic terms. Moreover, the CLT cannot clearly represent a large amounts of concepts.Practical implications: A deeper understanding of the IDR topics was obtained as the structural and hierarchical relationships between them were identified, which can help to get more precise identification and prediction to IDR topics.Originality/value: IDR topics identification based on CLT have performed well and this theory has several advantages for identifying and predicting IDR topics. First, in a concept lattice, there is a partial order relation between interconnected nodes, and consequently, a complete concept lattice can present hierarchical properties. Second, clustering analysis of IDR topics based on concept lattices can yield clusters that highlight the essential knowledge features and help display the semantic relationship between different IDR topics. Furthermore, the Hasse diagram automatically displays all the IDR topics associated with the different disciplines, thus forming clusters of specific concepts and visually retaining and presenting the associations of IDR topics through multiple inheritance relationships between the concepts.

绿色低碳工业变革性技术及策略

碳中和是国家重大战略,将推动能源及产业技术革命,重塑工业结构和人类生活方式.工业过程是我国能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的主要领域,工业过程的碳减排既是挑战也是机遇.我国是世界工业大国,工业体系门类齐全、规模宏大,其中钢铁、水泥(https://www.163.com/dy/article/ILRJRM4H0534PAAE.html)、电解铝(https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1772531617627423742&wfr=spider&for=pc)产量均占世界总产量的一半以上.

Sinusoidal endotheliitis as a histological parameter for diagnosing acute liver allograft rejection

AIMTo investigated the feasibility of using sinusoidal endotheliitis (SE) as a histological marker for liver allograft rejection.METHODSWe compared the histological features of 88 liver allograft biopsies with acute cellular rejection (ACR) and 59 cases with no evidence of ACR. SE was scored as: (1) focal linear lifting up of the endothelial cells by lymphocytes with no obvious damage to adjacent hepatocytes; (2) focal disruption of the endothelial lining by a cluster of subendothelial lymphocytes (a group of > 3 lymphocytes); and (3) severe confluent endotheliitis with hemorrhage and adjacent hepatocyte loss.RESULTSThe sensitivity and specificity of SE was 81% and 85%, respectively. Using SE as the only parameter, the positive predictive value for ACR (PPV) was 0.89, whereas the negative predictive value for ACR (NPV) was 0.75. The correlation between RAI and SE was moderate (R = 0.44, P < 0.001) (Figure 3A), whereas it became strong (R = 0.65, P < 0.001) when correlating SE with the venous endotheliitis activity index only.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that SE scoring could be a reliable and reproducible supplemental parameter to the existing Banff schema for diagnosing acute liver allograft rejection.

A new era of precise liquid regulation:Quasi-liquid

Common in nature and artificial systems,quasi-liquid represents a special phase under specific conditions,where precise regulations can be conducted to accommodate various applications,such as material,biology,life and manufacture.

纳微尺度热力学与前沿应用

在实际化工过程中,纳微尺度界面体系普遍存在,且与反应和传递等过程高度耦合.这种耦合增加了直接应用宏观热力学模型和规律的难度,进而在工程预测、放大及调控方面带来挑战,制约了绿色化工技术创新和规模应用的发展.本文针对纳微尺度热力学的起源、内涵及其在前沿领域的应用进行了深入探讨.首先,以绿色介质离子液体为例,展示了纳微尺度下的独特界面结构和功能,讨论了离子液体结构–功能间的纳微尺度热力学关联机制;然后,概述了适用于纳微尺度热力学领域的研究方法,提出了集合高精度原位动态实验、精准高效计算模拟和高通量自动化人工智能相结合的研究范式;随后,总结了纳微尺度热力学理论在反应、分离和电化学领域的前沿应用,并对其挑战和未来机遇进行了深入讨论和展望.总之,纳微尺度热力学的新理论和新方法,不仅可以为化工学科的科学研究开辟新的视野和路径,还将推动化工过程实现从“分子设计→结构功能调控→工程放大规律”的跨越,催生出适应于新体系、新应用和新需求的化工热力学新学科.

OsPRMT6a-mediated arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 regulates jasmonate signaling and spikelet development in rice

Although both protein arginine methylation(PRMT)and jasmonate(JA)signaling are crucial for regulating plant development,the relationship between these processes in the control of spikelet development remains unclear.In this study,we used the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate two OsPRMT6a loss-of-function mutants that exhibit various abnormal spikelet structures.Interestingly,we found that OsPRMT6a can methylate arginine residues in JA signal repressors OsJAZ1 and OsJAZ7.We showed that arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 enhances the binding affinity of OsJAZ1 with the JA receptors OsCOI1a and OsCOI1b in the presence of JAs,thereby promoting the ubiquitination of OsJAZ1 by the SCF^(OsCOI1a/OsCOI1b) complex and degradation via the 26S proteasome.This process ultimately releases OsMYC2,a core transcriptional regulator in the JA signaling pathway,to activate or repress JA-responsive genes,thereby maintaining normal plant(spikelet)development.However,in the osprmt6a-1 mutant,reduced arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 impaires the interaction between OsJAZ1 and OsCOI1a/OsCOI1b in the presence of JAs.As a result,OsJAZ1 proteins become more stable,repressing JA responses,thus causing the formation of abnormal spikelet structures.Moreover,we discovered that JA signaling reduces the OsPRMT6a mRNA level in an OsMYC2-dependent manner,thereby establishing a negative feedback loop to balance JA signaling.We further found that OsPRMT6a-mediated arginine methylation of OsJAZ1 likely serves as a switch to tune JA signaling to maintain normal spikelet development under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperatures.Collectively,our study establishes a direct molecular link between arginine methylation and JA signaling in rice.

血清CircRNA_0003694与老年急性缺血性卒中患者卒中后认知损害的关系

目的探讨血清CircRNA_0003694表达水平与老年急性缺血性卒中(AIS)患者卒中后认知损害(PSCI)的相关性。方法前瞻性纳入2021年1月至2022年12月三亚中心医院(海南省第三人民医院)收治的AIS患者,在发病后3个月时使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估发生PSCI情况,根据是否发生PSCI将患者分为PSCI组和非PSCI组。采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验以及 χ^(2)检验对PSCI组和非PSCI组进行单因素分析,并应用多变量Logistic回归分析AIS患者发生PSCI的独立危险因素。结果共纳入116例AIS患者,年龄(67.25±9.13)岁,男性75例(64.7%);PSCI组68例(58.6%),非PSCI组48例(41.4%)。PSCI组年龄、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分>2分、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、抑郁量表评分和血清CircRNA_0003694水平均高于非PSCI组[(70.36±9.18)岁 vs (65.20±8.70)岁,27.9% vs 10.4%,10(6,14)分 vs 6(4,10)分,(14.85±4.16)分 vs(5.90±1.05)分,2.42±0.96 vs 1.34±0.38],而PSCI组受教育年限和MoCA评分明显低于非PSCI组[(6.25±0.91)年 vs (9.60±1.14)年,(19.20±2.65)分 vs(27.30±1.80)分],差异均具有统计学意义(t=4.520、P=0.013;χ^(2)=5.586、P=0.018;Z=6.370、P<0.001;t=14.290、P<0.001;t=16.384、P<0.001;t=4.837、P=0.005;t=13.758、P<0.001)。多变量Logistic回归分析显示,年龄[优势比(OR)=1.647,95%可信区间(CI)1.125~2.694;P=0.028]、受教育年限低(OR=1.598,95%CI:1.086~2.217;P=0.010)、mRS评分(OR=1.708,95%CI:1.266~3.105;P=0.035)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=1.925,95%CI:1.507~5.204;P=0.016)、抑郁量表评分(OR=2.308,95%CI:1.719~5.926;P<0.001)、MoCA评分(OR=3.107,95%CI:2.284~9.280;P<0.001)及CircRNA_0003694(OR=2.615,95%CI:1.974~7.822;P<0.001)升高是影响PSCI的独立危险因素。结论血清CircRNA_0003694表达水平升高与老年AIS发生PSCI有关,是影响PSCI的独立危险因素。

离子液体氢键及生物医药应用

离子液体在生物医药领域展现了巨大的应用潜力,同时这也是离子液体研究的前沿领域.然而生物相容性机理和药物构效关系不清楚,成为离子液体生物医药应用的瓶颈问题.离子间特殊氢键作用,提供了揭示其生物机理的分子基础.本文通过3个典型应用实例,即DNA稳定、抗肿瘤治疗和药物合成,阐述了氢键在离子液体生物医药应用过程中起到的关键作用,这些结论将为开拓新的离子液体生物医药应用提供科学依据.

离子液体的凝聚态化学研究

离子液体是可以替代传统溶剂实现高效、低碳、清洁、循环新过程新技术的新型溶剂,在完成“双碳”目标中具有重要的应用价值。同时,离子液体是一种典型的“软凝聚态物质(软物质)”,对它的认识和应用依赖于对其内部多尺度微观结构的研究,这需要以“凝聚态化学”的思想作为未来的研究方向,即对离子液体体系的组成、结构、性质、功能及它们之间的内在关系进行多层次的研究,进而实现对实际应用体系中传递过程和反应过程的调控。在本文中,我们以“凝聚态化学”的视角简要综述了对离子液体的研究。首先介绍了离子液体的化学结构和物理性质,指出理解离子液体性质的变化必须要研究其内部的结构。然后,我们介绍了离子液体从分子层面到纳微尺度的结构,包括离子对、氢键、氢键网络、团簇、界面结构和纳米限域结构。最后,我们对离子液体“凝聚态化学”研究的未来进行了展望。

A new class of ion-ion interaction: Z-bond

The hydrogen-bond interactions in ionic liquids have been simply described by the conventional hydrogen-bond model of A–H···B. Coupling with the strong electrostatic force, however, hydrogen bond between the cation and anion shows particular features in the geometric, energetic, electronic, and dynamic aspects, which is inherently different from that of the conventional hydrogen bond. A general model could be expressed as +[A–H···B]-, in which A and B represent heavy atoms and "+" and "–" represent the charges of the cation containing A atom and anion containing B atom, respectively. Because the structure shows a "zig-zag" motif, this coupling interaction is defined here as the Z-bond. The new model could be generally used to describe the interactions in ionic liquids, as well as bio-systems involved in ions, ionic reaction, and ionic materials.

Topological Shape Changes Weaken the Innate Defensive Response to Visual Threat in Mice

Understanding the primitives of visual perception is a fundamental question in the study of vision.T o address this question,a theory of topology-based functional hierarchy in visual perception has been proposed[1,2].This theory suggests that the extraction of topological properties(TPs)serves as the starting point of object perception.The T P of a figure is the holistic identity which remains constant across various smooth shape-changing transformations of an image[2].

Novel ionic liquid based electrolyte for double layer capacitors with enhanced high potential stability

Developing electrolyte with high electrochemical stability is the most effective way to improve the energy density of double layer capacitors(DLCs), and ionic liquid is a promising choice. Herein, a novel ionic liquid based high potential electrolyte with a stabilizer, succinonitrile, was proposed to improve the high potential stability of the DLC. The electrolyte with 7.5 wt% succinonitrile added has a high ionic conductivity of 41.1 m S cm^(-1) under ambient temperature, and the DLC adopting this electrolyte could be charged to 3.0 V with stable cycle ability even under a discharge current density of 6 A g^(-1). Moreover, the energy density could be increased by 23.4% when the DLC was charged to 3.0 V compared to that charged to 2.7 V.

学习兴趣与态度对教学效果与满意度影响的实证研究:以中国大学旅游专业的本科生为例（英文）

本论文以中国东、中、西部地区大学旅游专业的本科生为对象,研究了学习兴趣与态度对教学效果与满意度的影响。学习兴趣重点包含理论学习、实践学习、学习交流、教学方法相关,而学习态度则包括学习热情和责任心。利用结构方程模型,对比了'农村—城市',以及'东—中—西部'的差异。研究结果表明,'东—中—西部'的教学效果存在差异,但这在'农村—城市'对比中并不显著;学习兴趣与态度互相促进,且都与教学效果正相关;教学效果与教学满意度正相关;意外的是,学习态度与教学满意度负相关。