The accounting method and application of CO_2 emissions responsibility by the electricity sector at the provincial level in China

When accounting the CO_2 emissions responsibility of the electricity sector at the provincial level in China,it is of great significance to consider the scope of both producers' and the consumers' responsibility,since this will promote fairness in defining emission responsibility and enhance cooperation in emission reduction among provinces.This paper proposes a new method for calculating carbon emissions from the power sector at the provincial level based on the shared responsibility principle and taking into account interregional power exchange.This method can not only be used to account the emission responsibility shared by both the electricity production side and the consumption side,but it is also applicable for calculating the corresponding emission responsibility undertaken by those provinces with net electricity outflow and inflow.This method has been used to account for the carbon emissions responsibilities of the power sector at the provincial level in China since 2011.The empirical results indicate that compared with the production-based accounting method,the carbon emissions of major power-generation provinces in China calculated by the shared responsibility accounting method are reduced by at least 10%,but those of other power-consumption provinces are increased by 20% or more.Secondly,based on the principle of shared responsibility accounting,Inner Mongolia has the highest carbon emissions from the power sector while Hainan has the lowest.Thirdly,four provinces,including Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Hubei and Anhui,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity outflow- 14 million t in 2011,accounting for 74.42% of total carbon emissions from net electricity outflow in China.Six provinces,including Hebei,Beijing,Guangdong,Liaoning,Shandong,and Jiangsu,have the highest carbon emissions from net electricity inflow- 11 million t in 2011,accounting for 71.44% of total carbon emissions from net electricity inflow in China.Lastly,this paper has estimated the emission factors of electricity consumption at the provincial level,which can avoid repeated calculations when accounting the emission responsibility of power consumption terminals(e.g.construction,automobile manufacturing and other industries).In addition,these emission factors can also be used to account the emission responsibilities of provincial power grids.

Application and effect evaluation on Acknowledge-Introduce-Duration-Explanation-Thank you(AIDET)communication mode in cataract daytime operation nursing

Background:To explore the application effect of Acknowledge-Introduce-Duration-Explanation-Thank you(AIDET)communication mode in reducing anxiety and improving the care services satisfaction of the patients.Methods:The 100 cases undergoing cataract daytime operation from February to July 2019 were divided into test group and control group.The test group conducted health education and nursing care for patients during admission,pre-operation,post-operation,and discharge according to the AIDET communication mode.And the control group was given health education and nursing care to the patients according to the traditional way of communication.Results:The difference of the socioeconomic information between these two groups showed no statistical significance.The care services satisfaction score in the test group was statistically higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).This result indicated that the patients suffered less anxiety with the AIDET mode of communication.Conclusions:The application of AIDET communication mode to the nursing service of cataract daytime operation can reduce the tension and anxiety of the patients from the treatment and improve their satisfaction to care services.

Case report of suspected intra-articular infection after total hip arthroplasty using hip arthroscopy technique

Objective: Hip arthroscopy technique application of diagnosis and treatment of suspected intra-articular infection cases after total hip arthroplasty. Methods: After femoral prosthesis side debridement processing thoroughly, we do skin preparation and draping again for exploring intra-articular using hip arthroscopy technique. Results: Though hip arthroscopy we can see a lot of scar hyperplasia and no obvious signs of infection. Conclusion: Minimally invasive techniques of hip arthroscopy can be applied to the detection of intra-articular infection after total hip arthroplasty.

Effect comparison of knee-chest elastic bandage fixation and Pavlik harness fixation on the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in newborns

Objective:To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of fixation of the elastic bandage of immobilization of knee-chest position and Pavlik harness fixation in the treatment of neonatal femoral shaft fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted from May 2010 to March 2017 with a total of 37 cases of femoral shaft fracture of the newborn.Among them,17 newborns with femur shaft fracture were treated using this fixation of the elastic bandage of immobilization of knee-chest position,and 20 newborns were treated utilizing Pavlik harness fixation.All patients were followed up for 24 months.It was compared between the two groups in length of hospitalization,hospitalization cost,the incidence of complications,fracture healing rate and post-operation angulation,rotation and shortening indexes.Results:Compared with the Pavlik harness fixation group,the hospitalization cost of knee-chest elastic bandage fixation group was lower(P<0.05),the difference was statistically significant.There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospitalization,complications and fracture healing.The two groups of treatment methods compared in angle formation,rotation and shortness(P>0.05),with no statistical difference.Conclusions:Both knee-chest elastic bandage fixation and Pavlik harness fixation are effective methods for the treatment of neonatal femoral shaft fractures.But the former has lower cost and simpler operation,which is worthy of clinical application.

Luteolin affects the EMT transformation and cell biological behavior of osteosarcoma U2OS cells via the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway

Objective:To investigate the effect of luteolin on the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and its molecular mechanism by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor-kappa B(PI3K/AKT/NF-κB)signaling pathway.Methods:U2OS cells were treated in different concentrations(10,20 and 40μmol/L)of luteolin.MTT was used to detect the effect of luteolin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the influence of luteolin on migration of U2OS cells.qPCR was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-2 in U2OS cells.Western blot was used to observe the change of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK and NF-κB proteins.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the influence of luteolin on the protein expression of E-cadherin and vimentim.Results:Luteolin inhibited significantly the proliferation of U2OS cells(P<0.05)in a time-concentration-dependent manner.Luteolin inhibited significantly the migration of U2OS cells(P<0.05).After treatment with luteolin,the mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-2 was increased significantly(P<0.05),but Bcl-2 was reduced significantly(P<0.05)in U2OS cells.The protein expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-IKK,NF-κB,E-cadherin and vimentin was decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:Luteolin inhibits the proliferation,migration and EMT transformation of osteosarcoma U2OS cells,which may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Additive Manufacturing of Composites: Toward Light-weight, Functionalization, and Intellectualization

Advanced composites are critical materials for the development of high-end equipment,as we say one generation of materials and one generation of equipment.Following materials such as aluminum,steel,and titanium,composite materials will become one of the four major materials in the field of aeronautics and astronautics.Usage of advanced composites is expected to exceed 50%in new commercial airplanes to significantly improve the level of lightweight.Thus,innovative devel-opment of high-end equipment in aerospace,rail traffic,biomedical and other fields also have an urgent demand for high-performance and multi-functional composites.

遥感跨模态智能解译:模型、数据与应用

以深度学习为代表的人工智能技术已被广泛应用于遥感图像解译中.相比自然场景图像,遥感图像具有载荷类型多、成像机理差异大等特点,使得现有面向单传感器、纯数据驱动的智能解译方法应用到不同模态数据时,性能上限难以突破.尤其在面向多传感获取的、大范围的、目标种类较多的复杂应用场景时,实际性能受限更为严重.本文主要对遥感智能解译结合多模态数据和多任务学习的研究工作进行综述,重点从基本概念、研究方法和应用场景3个方面进行展开.并且介绍了基于分域提取和跨域融合理念设计的模型架构,通过从海量多模态数据中提取通用特征,实现单个基础模型完成多类下游任务的泛化解译,在不同模态解译任务中表现优异,并实际应用推广.最后,对遥感多模态多任务学习未来技术发展方向进行展望.

多相催化过硫酸盐工艺处理水环境中有机污染物的非自由基过程

20世纪80年代至今,水处理技术中的高级氧化过程(AOP)已被广泛研究及应用。然而水体中的有机污染物仍因种类繁多和降解难易不同困扰着研究者们,因此对于AOP的机理过程需要更深入的分析认识,以利于技术的进一步发展及应用。AOP中的过硫酸盐氧化工艺近年来得到大量关注,其自由基机理的关键活性物种是·OH和·SO_(4)^(-)。非自由基机理分为1O_(2)氧化和PS直接氧化(也称电子转移),某些体系中高价态金属也直接或间接地参与氧化过程。但非自由基过程的发生机理及优势特点仍存在争议。本文综述了基于多相催化过硫酸盐高级氧化过程处理水中有机污染物的最新研究,阐述反应机理及其分析手段,并指出当前研究可能存在的问题。对于过硫酸盐高级氧化工艺中非自由基过程的未来研究方向及应用前景提出展望。

舌接触辅助装置结合抗阻力训练改善舌癌术后吞咽障碍1例

目的:舌癌术后舌缺损患者往往存在不同程度的吞咽困难,严重影响患者的生存质量,患者最终多因并发吸入性肺炎、恶病质死亡。本病例报告将尝试寻找1种有效的吞咽障碍治疗方法来解决这一临床问题。诊疗经过:1例舌癌术后患者出现舌缺损伴吞咽障碍,口腔医师利用舌接触辅助装置重塑硬腭形态,改善吞咽过程中舌与硬腭的接触,同时结合抗阻力康复训练,加强剩余舌骨上肌群的力量,以提高舌癌术后舌缺损患者的吞咽功能,并评估该方法的有效性及可行性。结果:干预后3个月,洼田饮水实验提升为Ⅱ级,语音速度检测为6±1,基本达到舌癌术前水平,患者整体舌运动范围增加,灵活度也明显提高。结论:舌接触辅助装置结合抗阻力训练能够有效改善舌癌术后舌缺损患者的吞咽功能。

交互门控循环单元及其在到达时间估计中的应用

门控循环单元(gated recurrent unit, GRU)是一种有代表性的深度神经网络,它在众多序列学习任务中达到了国际领先的水平.然而,在门控循环单元的每个时间步之间,输入信息与隐含状态信息缺乏交互,这对更好地挖掘上下文语义信息带来了挑战.针对这个问题,本文提出了一个新颖的序列学习通用的语义特征提取模型:交互门控循环单元(interactive gated recurrent unit, InterGRU),可以让输入与隐含状态向量在各时间步间进行多轮充分的交互.并且,在到达时间估计(estimated time of arrival, ETA)这个有代表性、有挑战的时空序列预测任务上,本文提出了一套基于交互门控循环单元的深度学习框架(InterGRU-ETA).本文在来自滴滴出行平台真实场景下的海量数据集上充分地实验验证了InterGRU-ETA.结果表明,我们的框架在预测准确率上优于目前国际上最先进的方法.这反映了交互门控循环单元在捕获序列语义信息上的性能优势和广阔前景.

Protection Effect of Exogenous Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on the Kidney Injury in Vascular Calcification Rats

Background： Chronic kidney disease （CKD） is closely related to the cardiovascular events in vascular calcification （VC）. However, little has known about the characteristics of kidney injury caused by VC. Fibroblast growth factor 21 （FGF21 ） is an endocrine thctor, which takes part in various metabolic actions with the potential to alleviate metabolic disorder diseases, Even FGF21 has been regarded as a biomarker in CKD, the role of FGF21 in CKD remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the FGF21 on the kidney injury in VC rats. Methods： The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups： （ 1 ） control group, （2） Vitamin D3 plus nicotine （VDN）-induced VC group, （3） FGF21-treated VDN group. After 4 weeks, the rats were killed and the blood was collected for serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphate measurement. Moreover, the renal tissues were homogenized for alkaline phosphatases （ALPs） activity and calcium content. The levels of FGF21 protein were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels of β-Klotho and FGF receptor 1 （FGFR1） protein were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （EL1SA）. The structural damage and calcifications in aortas were stained by Alizarin-red S. Moreover, the structure of kidney was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results： The renal lhnction impairment caused by VDN modeling was ameliorated by FGF21 treatment, inhibited the elevated serum creatinine and urea level by 20.5% （34.750 ± 4.334 pmol/L vs. 27.630± 2.387pamol/L） and 4.0% （7.038 ± 0.590 mmol/L vs. 6.763 ±0.374 mmol/L; P 〈 0.01 ）, respectively, together with the structural damages of glomerular atrophy and renal interstitial fibrosis. FGF21 treatment downregulated the ALP activity, calcium content in the kidney of VC rats by 42.1% （P 〈 0.01 ） and 11.7% （P 〈 0.05） as well as ameliorated the aortic injury and calcification as compared with VDN treatment alone group, indicating an ameliorative effect on VC. EL1SA assays showed that the expression of [3-Klotho, a component of FGF21 receptor system was increased in VDN-treated VC rats by 37.4% （6.588 ± 0.957 pg/mg vs. 9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg; P 〈 0.01）, indicating an FGF2 l-resistant state. Moreover, FGF21 treatment downregulated the level of β-Klotho in renal tissue by 16.7% （9.054 ± 0.963 pg/mg vs. 7.544± 1.362 pg/mg, P 〈 0.05）. However, the level of FGFR1, the receptor of FGF21, kept unchanged under VDN and VDN plus FGF21 administration （0.191 ± 0.0376 rig/rag vs. 0.189 ± 0.032 ng/mg rs. 0.181± 0.034 mg/mg; P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions： In the present study, FGF21 was observed to ameliorate the kidney injury in VDN-induced VC rats. FGF21 might be a potential therapeutic factor in CKD by cutting offthe vicious circle between VC and kidney injury.

Designing Textile Architectures for High Energy-Efficiency Human Body Sweat-and Cooling-Management

Thermal management of textiles requires local microclimate control over heat and wet dissipation to create a comfortable thermal-wet environment at the interface of the human body and clothing.Herein,we design a fabric capable of both sweat-and cooling-management using a knitted fabric featuring a bilayer structure consisting of hydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate and hydrophilic cellulose fibers to simultaneously achieve high infrared(IR)transmittance and good thermal-wet comfort.The IR transmission of this cooling textile increased by~twofold in the dry state and~eightfold in the wet state compared to conventional cotton fabric.When the porosity changes from 10 to 47%with the comparison of conventional cotton fabric and our cooling textile,the heat flux is increased from 74.4 to 152.3 W/cm^(2).The cooling effect of the cooling fabric is 105%greater than that of commercial cotton fabric,which displays a better thermal management capacity for personal cooling.This bilayer design controls fast moisture transfer from inside out and provides thermal management,demonstrating high impact not only for garments,but also for other systems requiring heat regulation,such as buildings,which could mitigate energy demand and ultimately contribute to the relief of global energy and climate issues.

基于BP神经网络的风电机组钢混组合式塔架结构频率预测

风电机组塔架结构固有频率设计是风力发电结构体系设计的基础.针对风电机组新型钢混组合式塔架("混塔")结构固有频率传统理论计算和有限元法计算的不足,提出了基于BP神经网络算法进行频率预测的新方法.首先,利用有限元计算和分析,确定了训练模型的特征量和标签;然后,利用32个有限元计算样本,基于BP神经网络算法训练了可用于混塔结构频率分析的模型.经验证,该方法对混塔的一阶频率预测误差仅约为0.1%,具有很高的准确性;利用不同的样本集训练的模型也能快速准确预测混塔一阶频率,说明算法具有高度的稳定性;该方法还可用来预测混塔的多阶频率,仍显示出高度的准确性.此外,与基于有限元的频率计算相比,该方法具有突出的计算效率.整体上,论文提出的基于BP神经网络的混塔结构固有频率预测新方法,具有高度的可行性、精准性和高效性,可为风力发电机组塔架结构体系设计提供重要的指导.

Using object-based analysis to derive surface complexity information for improved filtering of airborne laser scanning data

Airborne laser scanning （ALS） is a technique used to obtain Digital Surface Models （DSM） and Digital Terrain Models （DTM） efficiently, and filtering is the key procedure used to derive DTM from point clouds. Generating seed points is an initial step for most filtering algorithms, whereas existing algorithms usually define a regular window size to generate seed points. This may lead to an inadequate density of seed points, and further introduce error type I, especially in steep terrain and forested areas. In this study, we propose the use of object- based analysis to derive surface complexity information from ALS datasets, which can then be used to improve seed point generation. We assume that an area is complex if it is composed of many small objects, with no buildings within the area. Using these assumptions, we propose and implement a new segmentation algorithm based on a grid index, which we call the Edge and Slope Restricted Region Growing （ESRGG） algorithm. Surface complexity information is obtained by statistical analysis of the number of objects derived by segmentation in each area. Then, for complex areas, a smaller window size is defined to generate seed points. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could greatly improve the filtering results in complex areas, especially in steep terrain and forested areas.