Thermal and mechanical behavior of casting copper alloy wheel during wheel and belt continuous casting process

To investigate the thermal and mechanical behavior of casting wheel,a two-dimensional thermoelastic-plastic finite element model was used to predict the temperature,stress and distortion distribution of the casting wheel during the wheel and belt continuous casting process.The effects of grinding thickness and casting speed on the thermal and mechanical behaviors of the center of the hot face of the casting wheel were discussed in detail.In each rotation,the casting wheel passes through four different spray zones.The results show that the temperature distribution of the casting wheel in different spray zones is similar,the temperature of the hot face is the highest and the temperature reaches the peak in the spray zoneⅢ.The stress and distortion depend on the temperature distribution,and the maximum stress and distortion of the hot face are 358.2 MPa and 1.82 mm,respectively.The temperature at the center of the hot face decreases with increasing grinding thickness and increases with increasing casting speed.

胆总管结石中西医结合介入治疗专家共识

胆总管结石是一种常见疾病,十二指肠乳头肌扩张顺行排石术(Percutaneous Transhepatic Papillary Balloon Dilation,PTPBD)治疗该病是国内新近兴起的一种介入治疗新方法,与现有治疗手段相比,已被证实具有一定的优势。中医药在胆总管结石的治疗方面具有疗效可靠、副作用小、复发率低的优点。为适应临床工作需要,推广PTPBD技术在胆总管结石中的应用,提高胆总管结石中西医诊治水平,中国医师协会介入医师分会组织国内胆总管结石治疗领域的多学科专家讨论、制定了本规范,旨在规范PTPBD技术的适应证、禁忌证、操作流程和中西医结合诊治方案。

Single-image night haze removal based on color channel transfer and estimation of spatial variation in atmospheric light

The visible-light imaging system used in military equipment is often subjected to severe weather conditions, such as fog, haze, and smoke, under complex lighting conditions at night that significantly degrade the acquired images. Currently available image defogging methods are mostly suitable for environments with natural light in the daytime, but the clarity of images captured under complex lighting conditions and spatial changes in the presence of fog at night is not satisfactory. This study proposes an algorithm to remove night fog from single images based on an analysis of the statistical characteristics of images in scenes involving night fog. Color channel transfer is designed to compensate for the high attenuation channel of foggy images acquired at night. The distribution of transmittance is estimated by the deep convolutional network DehazeNet, and the spatial variation of atmospheric light is estimated in a point-by-point manner according to the maximum reflection prior to recover the clear image. The results of experiments show that the proposed method can compensate for the high attenuation channel of foggy images at night, remove the effect of glow from a multi-color and non-uniform ambient source of light, and improve the adaptability and visual effect of the removal of night fog from images compared with the conventional method.

基于卷积神经网络感知功能的极端场景生成方法

近年来,基于卷积神经网络深度学习的感知算法在自动驾驶车辆环境感知系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。由于在神经网络训练过程中,训练数据无法覆盖所有极端场景,因此如何保证基于深度学习的感知算法在极端场景下的安全性和可靠性,仍是一个亟待解决的问题。传统的基于真实行驶里程的验证方法,在获取极端场景数据上危险性高,经济性差,因此很难检验驾驶功能在极端场景下的性能。基于虚拟场景的仿真验证方法,虽然可以通过设置场景参数来生成大量测试场景,但是通过简单的参数组合并不能有效的生成极端场景。本文展示了一种在虚拟环境中生成极端场景的方法,用于训练和测试基于深度卷积神经网络的车道线识别算法。首先将场景特征用参数进行表示,然后使用deep Q-learning强化学习的方法,来生成极端场景的参数组合。通过与随机组合以及成对组合场景参数的方法进行对比,可以看出该基于强化学习的场景生成方法可以更有效地生成极端场景,因此可提高自动驾驶感知功能的测试效率,同时可为卷积神经网络提供更多的极端场景训练数据。

黄蜀葵花对碘普罗胺诱导肾小管上皮细胞损伤的作用及其机制研究

目的研究黄蜀葵花防治碘普罗胺诱导的人近端肾小管上皮细胞(HK2)损伤的作用和机制。方法利用碘普罗胺孵育HK2细胞诱导的体外细胞损伤模型,采用黄蜀葵花制剂(TFA)干预碘普罗胺处理的HK2细胞,分为空白组、模型组(111 mgI/mL碘普罗胺)、TFA组(0.6 mg/mL TFA)、TFA+模型组(111 mgI/mL碘普罗胺+0.6 mg/mL TFA)、N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)组(10 mmol/L NAC)、NAC+模型组(111 mgI/mL碘普罗胺+10 mmol/L NAC)。采用CCK-8法检测细胞活性,活性氧(ROS)检测试剂盒检测ROS,Annexin V-FITC及TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡,免疫荧光法检测p-ASK1荧光,Western blotting检测通路凋亡蛋白表达。结果碘普罗胺呈浓度依赖性诱导HK2细胞死亡,促进HK2细胞ROS的产生。空白组、TFA组与NAC组HK2细胞活性比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TFA+模型组、NAC+模型组HK2细胞活性高于模型组(P<0.05)。Annexin V-FITC、TUNEL染色及流式细胞术结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组荧光强度明显增加;TFA组、NAC组与空白组比较无明显差异;与模型组比较,TFA及+模型组和NAC+模型组细胞荧光强度减弱。免疫荧光法结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组p-ASK1荧光表达明显增强;TFA组、NAC组与空白组比较,荧光表达无明显差异;TFA+模型组、NAC+模型组的p-ASK1荧光强度较模型组减弱。Western blotting检测结果表明,与空白组比较,模型组Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),Cleaved caspase-3/Caspase-3、pP38/P38、pJNK/JNK蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,TFA+模型组和NAC+模型组Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),Cleaved caspase-3/Caspase-3、pP38/P38、pJNK/JNK蛋白表达降低(P<0.05)。结论TFA可以减少碘普罗胺诱导的HK2细胞凋亡,其机制可能与TFA抑制ROS-ASK1-MAPKs信号通路激活有关。

Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma sized> 3 and ≤ 5 cm: Is ablative margin of more than 1 cm justified?

AIM:To investigate whether an ablative margin(AM)>1.0 cm might reduce chance of recurrence for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)tumors 3.1to 5.0 cm in size,compared with an AM of 0.5-1.0 cm.METHODS:From October 2005 to December 2012,936 consecutive patients with HCC who received radiofrequency ablation were screened.Of these,281 patients,each with a single primary HCC tumor of 3.1 to5.0 cm in size on its greatest diameter,were included in the study.Based on the AM width,we categorized patients into the 0.5-1.0 cm group and the>1.0 cm group.Local tumor progression(LTP)-free survival,intrahepatic distant recurrence(IDR)-free survival and overall survival(OS)rates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS:The 1-,2-,3-,4-,and 5-year LTP-free survival rates and IDR-free survival rates were significantly higher in the>1.0 cm group compared with the 0.5-1.0cm group(97.5%,86.3%,73.6%,49.5%and 26.4%vs 91.3%,78.4%,49.5%,27.8%,and 12.8%;95.1%,90.3%,77.0%,61.0%and 48.3%vs 95.2%,85.9%,62.6%,47.2%and 28.5%;P<0.05).The 1-,2-,3-,4-,and 5-year OS rates were 98.6%,91.5%,69.2%,56.0%and 42.2%,respectively,in the 0.5-1.0 cm group and 100%,98.9%,90.1%,68.7%and 57.4%,respectively,in the>1.0 cm group(P=0.010).There were no significant differences in complication rates between the two groups.Both univariate and multivariate analyses identified AM as an independent prognostic factor linked to LTP,IDR,and OS.CONCLUSION:For HCC tumors>3.0 cm and≤5.0cm,AM>1.0 cm could reduce chances of recurrence compared with AM of 0.5-1.0 cm,emphasizing the need for a more defensive strategy using AMs>1.0 cm for ablating HCC tumors of 3.1 to 5.0 cm.

中国胃癌死亡率趋势（2003–2015）：一项基于人群的研究

背景与目的在过去几十年里,世界上多数国家的胃癌死亡率大幅下降。本研究旨在评估中国胃癌死亡率的最新趋势,并分析中国农村和城市地区胃癌死亡率的差异。方法胃癌按性别、年龄组和地域划分的粗死亡率数据来源于覆盖中国10%人口的《中国卫生统计年鉴(2003–2015)》。采用2010年中国人口普查按年龄、性别和地区划分的人群,估算城乡胃癌的年龄标准化死亡率(age-standardized rates of mortality,ASRM)。采用Joinpoint分析法评估胃癌死亡率趋势。结果在13年间,农村地区的ASRM从2003年的31.5/100,000降至2015年的20.9/100,000,城市地区从2003年的18.9/100,000降至2015年的14.5/100,000。在男性中,城市地区的死亡率年度百分比变化为-2.2%[95%置信区间(CI):-3.8%–-0.6%;P<0.001],农村地区的死亡率年度百分比变化为-3.4%(95%CI:-5.1%–-1.8%;P<0.001)。在女性中,城市地区的死亡率年度百分比变化为-2.7%(95%CI:-4.2%–-1.2%;P<0.001),农村地区的死亡率年度百分比变化为-4.6%(95%CI:-5.5%–-3.7%;P<0.001)。结论2003年至2015年,我国农村和城市的胃癌死亡率均呈下降趋势。中国农村地区胃癌死亡率的下降幅度大于城市地区。

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Effectively Alleviates Arrhythmias in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea:Possible Relationship with Counteracting Oxidative Stress

This work is aimed at exploring the clinical efficacy of continuous positive airway pressuie(CPAP)in treatment of patients with arrhythmias combined with obstructive sleep apnea(OSA).Through evaluating serum native thiol,malonaldehyde(MDA)and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NADPH oxidase)in these patients and describing the effects on oxidative parameters of CPAP therapy for 3 months,we confirmed the impact of oxidative stress on arrhythmias.A total of 64 patients with OSA combined with arrhythmias were collected from April 2014 to April 2017 with full clinical information.Patients were divided into two groups(paired experiment design):32 patients in group A(control group),who received unchanged anti-arrhythmia treatment and 32 patients in group B,who were subjected to unchanged pharmacological anti-arrhythmia therapy combined with CPAP.OSA related parameters were compared between the two groups after 3-month therapy.And the levels of parameters of oxidative stress in patients were measured before and after CPAP therapy.After 3 months of CPAP therapy,compared with the control group,the percentage of sage N3(NREM 3)and stage R(REM)in total sleep time was significantly increased,while apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)score were evidently decreased.Meanwhile,the lowest oxygen saturation(LSpCh)was also elevated after CPAP treatment for 3 months.The CPAP therapy significantly prevented the occurrence of arrhythmias(P<0.05).Both the MDA level and NADPH oxidase levels were significantly lower in the group B than in the group A(P<0.05).But serum native thiol was improved by CPAP treatment(P<0.05).In conclusion,proper use of CPAP therapy provides significant benefits for the treatment of arrhythmia in patients with OSA.

Synergistic anticancer properties of docosahexaenoic acid and 5-fluorouracil through interference with energy metabolism and cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer cell line AGS cells

AIM: To explore the synergistic effect of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)/5-fluorouracil(5-FU) on the human gastric cancer cell line AGS and examine the underlying mechanism.METHODS: AGS cells were cultured and treated with a series of concentrations of DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination for 24 and 48 h. To investigate the synergistic effect of DHA and 5-FU on AGS cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and cell morphology. Flow cytometric analysis was also used to assess cell cycle distribution, and the expression of mitochondrial electron transfer chain complexes(METCs)?Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅴ in AGS cells was further determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: DHA and 5-FU alone or in combination could markedly suppress the proliferation of AGS cells in a significant time and dose-dependent manner. DHA markedly strengthened the antiproliferative effect of 5-FU, decreasing the IC50 by 3.56-2.15-fold in an apparent synergy. The morphological changes of the cells were characterized by shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing and decreased adherence. Cell cycle analysis showed a shift of cells into the G0/G1 phase from the S phase following treatment with DHA or 5-FU(G0/G1 phase: 30.04% ± 1.54% vs 49.05% ± 6.41% and 63.39% ± 6.83%, respectively, P < 0.05; S phase: 56.76% ± 3.14% vs 34.75% ± 2.35% and 25.63% ± 2.21%, respectively, P < 0.05). Combination treatment of DHA and 5-FU resulted in a significantly larger shift toward the G0/G1 phase and subsequent reduction in S phase(G0/G1 phase: 69.06% ± 2.63% vs 49.05% ± 6.41% and 63.39% ± 6.83%, respectively, P < 0.05; S phase: 19.80% ± 4.30% vs 34.75% ± 2.35% and 25.63% ± 2.21%, respectively, P < 0.05). This synergy was also reflected in the significant downregulation of the expression of METCs in AGS cells.CONCLUSION: Synergistic anticancer properties of DHA and 5-FU may involve interference with energy production of AGS cells via downregulation of METCs and cell cycle arrest.

Impact of release characteristics of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms on its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs

AIM: To investigate the effect of release behavior of sustained-release dosage forms of sinomenine hydrochloride dosage forms, including commercial 12-h sustained-release tablets and 24-h sustained-release pellets prepared in our laboratory, was examined. The two dosage forms were orally administrated to beagle dogs, and then the in vivo formulation was achieved by mixing slow- and rapid-of the sustained-release pellets were scarcely influenced by the pH of the dissolution medium. Release from the 12-h sustained-release tablets was markedly quicker than that from the 24-h sustained-release pellets, the cumulative release up to 12-h was 99.9% vs68.7%. From release pellets had longer tmax and lower Cmax compared to the 12-h sustained-release tablets, the tmax being 2.67±0.52 h vs9.83±0.98 h and the Cmax being 1 334.45±368.76 ng/mL vs 893.12±292.55 ng/mL, respectively. However, the AUC0-tn preparations were statistically bioequivalent. Furthermore,percentage absorption in vivo and the cumulative percentage release in vitro.CONCLUSION: The in vitro release properties of the dosage forms strongly affect their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Therefore, managing the in vitro release behavior of dosage forms is a promising strategy for obtaining the optimal in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics and safe therapeutic drug concentration-time curves.

Successful treatment of complex cholangiolithiasis following orthotopic liver transplantation with interventional radiology

Bile duct stones are a serious and the third most common complication of the biliary system that can occur following liver transplantation.The incidence rate of bile duct stones after liver transplantation is1.8%-18%.The management of biliary stones is usually performed with endoscopic techniques;however,the technique may prove to be challenging in the treatment of the intrahepatic bile duct stones.We herein reporta case of a 40-year-old man with rare,complex bile duct stones that were successfully eliminated with percutaneous interventional techniques.The complex bile duct stones were defined as a large number of bile stones filling the intra-and extrahepatic bile tracts,resulting in a cast formation within the biliary tree.Common complications such as hemobilia and acute pancreatitis were not present during the perioperative period.The follow-up period was 20 mo long.During the postoperative period,the patient maintained normal temperature,and normal total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels.The patient is now living a high quality life.This case report highlights the safety and efficacy of the percutaneous interventional approach in the removal of complex bile duct stones following liver transplantation.

Two New Eremophilenolides from Ligularia tongolensis

Chemical investigation of L. tongolensis afforded two new eremophilenolides, which were identified as 3β-（2＇-methylbutanoyloxy）-8βH-eremophil-7（11）-en-12, 8α（14, 6α）-diolide （1）and 8βH-eremophil-3, 7（11）-dien-12, 8α （14, 6α）-diolide （2）. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR experiments.

Two New Eremophilenolides from Ligularia fischeri

Chemical investigation of L. fischeri afforded two new eremophilenolides. which were identified as 6 beta-methoxy-8 beta-hpdroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en-12,8 alpha-olide 1; 6-oxo-8 beta-hydroxy-eremophil-7(11)-en- 12.8 alpha-olide 2.

Cytochalasins from Xylaria sp. CFL5, an Endophytic Fungus of Cephalotaxus fortunei

Three previously undescribed cytochalasins,named xylariasins A‒C(1‒3),together with six known ones(4‒9)were iso-lated from Xylaria sp.CFL5,an endophytic fungus of Cephalotaxus fortunei.The chemical structures of all new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses and electronic circular dichroism calculation,as well as optical rotation calculation.Biological activities of compounds 1,4‒9 were evaluated,including cytotoxic,LAG3/MHC II binding inhibition and LAG3/FGL1 binding inhibition activities.Compounds 6 and 9 possessed cytotoxicity against AGS cells at 5μM,with inhibition rates of 94%and 64%,respectively.In addition,all tested isolates,except compound 6,exhibited obvious inhibitory activity against the interaction of both LAG3/MHC II and LAG3/FGL1.Compounds 1,5,7,and 8 inhibited LAG3/MHC II with IC50 values ranging from 2.37 to 4.74μM.Meanwhile,the IC50 values of compounds 1,7,and 8 against LAG3/FGL1 were 11.78,4.39,and 7.45μM,respectively.

Metal-Element-Incorporation Induced Superconducting Hydrogen Clathrate Structure at High Pressure

The recent observation of high critical temperature T_(c) in lanthanum and Yttrium hydrides confirms the key role of hydrogen cage(H-cage)in determining high superconductivity.Here,we present a new class of metastable H_(12) clathrate structures based on the icosahedral cI 24-Na that can be stabilized by incorporation of metal elements.Analysis shows that the charge transfer from metal atoms to H atoms contributes to forming the H_(12) clathrate.Nine dynamically stable structures are identified to exhibit superconductivity,and a maximum T_(c) of 28K is found in voids-doped Mo_(6)H_(24).Calculations reveal that the low T_(c) is attributed to the weak interaction between H atoms in each cage due to the long H–H distance.The current results provide a possible route to design H-cage containing superconductors.

IgA nephropathy treatment with traditional Chinese medicine:A case report

BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy(IgAN)is a common primary glomerular disease that leads to end-stage renal disease with poor therapy efficacy.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is effective in the treatment of IgAN and has the potential to become an alternative treatment for IgAN.Professor Yan-Qin Zou is a nephropathy expert,a National Chinese Medicine Master,and an heir to the Menghe School of Medicine.CASE SUMMARY A 28-year-old man had positive urinary protein and elevated serum creatinine(Scr)results and was diagnosed with IgAN 2-3 years prior to the outpatient department visit at our hospital in 2017.Professor Zou used the following methods to treat the patient:Invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney,removing dampness and clearing turbidity,quickening the blood and transforming stasis,and freeing vessels and regulating collaterals.She adjusted the prescription in accordance with the patient’s symptoms.After 6 mo of treatment,the symptoms had resolved and serological indexes were also decreased[Scr from 288.5 to 188.6μmol/L,blood urea nitrogen(BUN)from 10.9 to 9.5 mmol/L,serum uric acid(UA)from 612 to 503μmol/L].During follow-up,BUN,Scr,and UA levels remained stable.CONCLUSION Professor Zou’s therapeutic strategy to treat IgAN using TCM was efficacious and a good reference for application.

Tangshenping granule inhibits pyroptosis in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of Tangshenping(TSP) on pyroptosis in a streptozotocininduced diabetic nephropathy(DN) rat model.Methods: DN was established in Spraguee Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into DN(model group), irbesartan, and TSP low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, besides the control group. The 24 h albuminuria content, and serum content of TC, TGs, Scr, IL-1 b, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 were assessed.Hematoxylin & eosin and Mallory staining were performed to examine pathological changes in the kidney. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase 1, and GSDMD in the kidney were also examined.Results: The 24 h albuminuria content was obviously lower in the treatment groups compared to the model group(all P <.01). Levels of TC, TGs, Scr, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 after drug interventions were obviously lower compared to the model group(all P <.05). The serum content of IL-1 b in the TSP medium-and high-dose groups were much lower compared to the model group(P =.013 and P=.001,respectively). Through immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we observed that the protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 b, and IL-18 were lower after drug interventions compared to the model group(all P <.05). Using qPCR, we observed that the mRNA expressions of caspase-1, IL-1 b, IL-18, and GSDMD after drug interventions were significantly lower compared to the model group(all P <.05). The m RNA expressions of NLRP3 in the TSP medium-and high-dose groups were both lower compared to the model group(all P <.05).Conclusion: TSP downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effects of TSP on renal function are at least partly mediated by the inhibition of micro-inflammation and modulation of the expression of pyroptosis-related factors.

Molecular cloning of a phosphotriesterase-related protein gene of silkworm and its expression analysis in the silkworm infected with Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus

Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is one of the major viral pathogens for the silkworm. The immune response of silkworm to the virus infection is obscure. A phosphotriesterase-related protein gene of silkworm, Bombyx mori (BmPTERP) was found in our previous microarry analysis of the midgut infected with the virus. In the present study, we cloned and analyzed the full-length cDNA of BmPTERP gene by means of rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (RACE) and bioinformatic analysis for exploring its functions in interaction between the silkworm and the virus. The nucleotide sequence of the gene is 1349-bp and contains a 131 bp 5’UTR and a 165 bp 3’UTR. The 1053 bp open reading frame encodes a 350 amino acid protein. The deduced protein contains specific hits of phosphotriesterase-related proteins and belongs to the amidohydrolase superfamily. RTPCR analysis revealed that BmPTERP gene was expressed in all the tissues tested, including midgut, hemocyte, gonad, fat body and silk gland. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the relative transcript of BmPTERP gene in the infected midgut was 19.32 fold lower than that in normal midgut at 72 hours post inoculation.

Non-destructive study of fruits using grating-based X-ray imaging

Grating-based X-ray imaging can make use of conventional tube sources to provide absorption, refraction and scattering contrast images from a single set of projection images efficiently. In this paper, a fresh cherry tomato and a dried umeboshi are imaged by using X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer. The seed distribution in the scattering image of the cherry tomato, and the wrinkles of epicarp in the refraction image of the umeboshi, are shown distinctly. The refraction and scattering images provide more information on subtle features than the absorption image. Also, the contrast-to-noise ratio values show distinguishing capacity of the three kinds of imaging techniques. The results confirm that grating-based X-ray imaging is of great potential in non-destructive fruit testing.

Characteristic mode analysis of wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna

A wideband high-gain and low-profile metasurface antenna is proposed by analyzing characteristic quantities and parameters in the characteristic modes(CMs). The detailed modal current and modal weighting coefficient are analyzed to explain the broadband operation and high gain. A dominant characteristic mode is well excited, leading to a broadband operation. The mode behaviors of the excitation are changed to suppress the unwanted higher-order modes and improve the radiation performance by changing the widths of two patches. The measured impedance bandwidth for-10 dB is 39.8%(5.3 GHz–7.94 GHz) with a gain of 7.8 dBi–10.04 dBi over the operating bandwidth.