After publication of this article1,it was brought to our at-tention that the mathematical expressions‘‰’were mis-takenly replaced by‘%’for salinities.Details are listed below.1.In the last sentence in abstract,“...After publication of this article1,it was brought to our at-tention that the mathematical expressions‘‰’were mis-takenly replaced by‘%’for salinities.Details are listed below.1.In the last sentence in abstract,“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5%”should be“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5‰”.展开更多
The Brillouin scattering spectrum has been used to investigate the properties of a liquid medium.Here,we propose an improved method based on the double-edge technique to obtain the Brillouin spectrum of a liquid.We ca...The Brillouin scattering spectrum has been used to investigate the properties of a liquid medium.Here,we propose an improved method based on the double-edge technique to obtain the Brillouin spectrum of a liquid.We calculated the transmission ratios and deduced the Brillouin shift and linewidth to construct the Brillouin spectrum by extracting the Brillouin edge signal through filtered double-edge data.We built a detection system to test the performance of this method and measured the Brillouin spectrum for distilled water at different temperatures and compared it with the theoretical prediction.The observed difference between the experimental and theoretical values for Brillouin shift and linewidth is less than 4.3 MHz and 3.2 MHz,respectively.Moreover,based on the double-edge technique,the accuracy of the extracted temperatures and salinity is approximately 0.1°C and 0.5‰,respectively,indicating significant potential for application in water detection and oceanography.展开更多
This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The st...This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.展开更多
It is significant to combine multiple tasks into an optimal work package in decision-making of aircraft maintenance to reduce cost,so a cost rate model of combinatorial maintenance is an urgent need.However,the optima...It is significant to combine multiple tasks into an optimal work package in decision-making of aircraft maintenance to reduce cost,so a cost rate model of combinatorial maintenance is an urgent need.However,the optimal combination under various constraints not only involves numerical calculations but also is an NP-hard combinatorial problem.To solve the problem,an adaptive genetic algorithm based on cluster search,which is divided into two phases,is put forward.In the first phase,according to the density,all individuals can be homogeneously scattered over the whole solution space through crossover and mutation and better individuals are collected as candidate cluster centres.In the second phase,the search is confined to the neighbourhood of some selected possible solutions to accurately solve with cluster radius decreasing slowly,meanwhile all clusters continuously move to better regions until all the peaks in the question space is searched.This algorithm can efficiently solve the combination problem.Taking the optimization on decision-making of aircraft maintenance by the algorithm for an example,maintenance which combines multiple parts or tasks can significantly enhance economic benefit when the halt cost is rather high.展开更多
AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective ran...AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled interventional study in cluded 33 eyes which had preoperative corneal astigmatism≥1.5 D and ocular axial length≥25.5 mm.These eyes were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation with either four-eyelet CTR implantation(group A,n=16)or two-eyelet CTR implantation(group B,n=17).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),phoropter examination results,and toric IOL rotation degrees were tested 6 mo after the surgery.RESULTS:In both groups,the toric IOL was in the capsular sac 6 mo after surgery.The difference between the two groups in terms of visual outcome was not found to be statistically significant(P>0.05)at a follow-up of 6 mo.The mean residual astigmatism values were 0.56±0.22 D and 0.92±0.24 D in A and B groups,respectively(P<0.001).The mean rotation degree of IOL was 1.00°±0.73°in group A and 3.53°±1.46°in group B(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia and astigmatism,four-eyelet CTR can effectively increase the rotation stability of toric IOLs,achieving the desired goal of correcting corneal astigmatism.展开更多
The silicon photomultiplier(SiPM) with epitaxial quenching resistor(EQR) is an emerging and developing technology that has recently attracted the interest from the research community. It has characteristics of a conti...The silicon photomultiplier(SiPM) with epitaxial quenching resistor(EQR) is an emerging and developing technology that has recently attracted the interest from the research community. It has characteristics of a continuous low-resistance cap layer and integrated quenching resisters in epitaxial silicon layer, which makes it possible to increase microcell density or reduce microcell size, thus obtaining large dynamic range and high photon detection efficiency(PDE) simultaneously. Results published show that the EQR SiPM with N-on-P diode configuration had relatively low PDE at peak wavelength of 480 nm as 16%. This paper reported the EQR SiPM with P-on-N diode configuration having active area of 3 × 3 mm^2 and cell density of 10,000/mm^2(total 90,000 pixels). It was characterized with gain of 2E5, dark count rate of 7 MHz, crosstalk of 7%, dynamic range of 85,000 pixels, overall recovery time of 32 ns at room temperature and over-voltage of 3.5 V. The improved PDE at peak wavelength of 420 nm was 30%.展开更多
Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeti...Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study,a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents(n=80,413;mean age=13.7 years;53.9%girls)and their parents,were analyzed.Children and adolescents who reported engaging≥3 days(up to 7 days)of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations.MSE,demographics,lifestyle behaviors(sport participation,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration),exercise intention,peer and parental support,and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports.Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.The analyses were completed in 2020.Results Overall,39.3%of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations.Girls,10th-12th graders,minorities,those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Children and adolescents who were proficient in≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26-1.65),as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.53-1.61).Additionally,children and adolescents with high exercise intention(aOR=1.60,95%CI:1.51-1.69),those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations(aOR=1.46,95%CI:1.40-1.52),and those who received high peer(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.20-1.34)and parental support(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.04-1.12)were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Conclusion Less than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations.The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.展开更多
In this review, we summarize the progression of several parameters assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) in recent years for the detection of glaucoma. Monitoring the progression of defects ...In this review, we summarize the progression of several parameters assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) in recent years for the detection of glaucoma. Monitoring the progression of defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness is essential. Imaging and analysis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) and inner plexiform layer(IPL), respectively, have been of great importance. Optic nerve head(ONH) topography obtained from 3D SD-OCT images is another crucial step. Other important assessments involve locating the Bruch's membrane opening(BMO), estimating the optic disc size and rim area, and measuring the lamina cribrosa displacement. Still other parameters found in the past three years for glaucoma diagnosis comprise central retinal artery resistive index, optic disc perfusion in optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) study, peripapillary choroidal thickness, and choroidal area in SD-OCT. Recently, several more ocular fundus parameters have been found, and compared with the earlier parameters to judge the accuracy of diagnosis. While a few of these parameters have been widely used in clinical practice, a fair number are still in the experimental stage.展开更多
Metal oxide thin-films transistors(TFTs)produced from solution-based printing techniques can lead to large-area electronics with low cost.However,the performance of current printed devices is inferior to those from va...Metal oxide thin-films transistors(TFTs)produced from solution-based printing techniques can lead to large-area electronics with low cost.However,the performance of current printed devices is inferior to those from vacuum-based methods due to poor film uniformity induced by the“coffeering”effect.Here,we report a novel approach to print highperformance indium tin oxide(ITO)-based TFTs and logic inverters by taking advantage of such notorious effect.ITO has high electrical conductivity and is generally used as an electrode material.However,by reducing the film thickness down to nanometers scale,the carrier concentration of ITO can be effectively reduced to enable new applications as active channels in transistors.The ultrathin(~10-nm-thick)ITO film in the center of the coffee-ring worked as semiconducting channels,while the thick ITO ridges(>18-nm-thick)served as the contact electrodes.The fully inkjet-printed ITO TFTs exhibited a high saturation mobility of 34.9 cm2 V^(−1) s^(−1) and a low subthreshold swing of 105 mV dec^(−1).In addition,the devices exhibited excellent electrical stability under positive bias illumination stress(PBIS,ΔV_(th)=0.31 V)and negative bias illuminaiton stress(NBIS,ΔV_(th)=−0.29 V)after 10,000 s voltage bias tests.More remarkably,fully printed n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor(NMOS)inverter based on ITO TFTs exhibited an extremely high gain of 181 at a low-supply voltage of 3 V,promising for advanced electronics applications.展开更多
The shape of fruit apex is critical to appearance quality in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),of which the genetic basis was poorly understood,and the use of marker-assisted breeding for fruit apex improvement is not avai...The shape of fruit apex is critical to appearance quality in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),of which the genetic basis was poorly understood,and the use of marker-assisted breeding for fruit apex improvement is not available yet.In this study,the variation of fruit apex in different cucumber ecotypes was evaluated by fruit apex angle(variation coefficient from 7.1%to 15.7%)and fruit apex index(variation coefficient from 8.8%to 22.6%).Fruit apex associated QTLs were mapped by using 145 F_(2:3) families and 155 F_(2:6) population that were derived from the cross of different ecotype cucumbers.Phenotyping of the mapping populations were conducted in four experiments in 2 years.Four majoreffect QTLs,Bfal4.1,Bfai4.1,Bfad6.1 and Bfai6.1 were consistently and reliably detected across two environments which could explain 11.6%-33.6%phenotypic variations(R^(2))in the F_(2:3) families.Three major-effect QTLs,Ofai4.1(R^(2)=13.4%-15.5%),Ofal4.1(R^(2)=10.7%-12.8%),and Ofad6.1(R^(2)=11.6%-12.4%)were stably detected in the F_(2:6) population in two experiments.Bfai4.1,Bfal4.1,Ofai4.1 and Ofal4.1 were integrated to be consensus QTL fa4.1,within which 11 candidate genes were predicted.Bfai6.1 and Bfad6.1 were integrated to be consensus QTL fa6.1.QTL interaction analysis showed that Bfai6.1 has epistatic effect with Bfai4.1.This study revealed two reliable major-effect fruit apex related QTLs across multi-genetic backgrounds and environments in cucumber.The possible candidate genes regulating the shape of fruit apex,and the relationship between cell division and fruit apex morphogenesis were discussed.展开更多
In this paper,we report,for the first time,on the electrochemical catalytic activity of 2D titanium carbonitride MXene for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).According to our study,2D titanium carbonitride exhibited muc...In this paper,we report,for the first time,on the electrochemical catalytic activity of 2D titanium carbonitride MXene for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).According to our study,2D titanium carbonitride exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity than its carbide analogues,achieving an onset overpotential of 53 mV and Tafel slope of 86 mV dec^(-1),superior to the titanium carbide with onset overpotential of 649 mV and Tafel slope of 303 mV dec^(-1).The obtained onset overpotential for 2D titanium carbonitride is lower than those of all the reported transition metal carbides MXene catalysts without additives,so far.Density functional theory calculations were conducted to further understand the electrochemical performance.The calculation results show that a greater number of occupied states are active for Ti_(3)CNO_(2),revealing free energy for the adsorption of atomic hydrogen closer to 0 than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2).Both experimental and calculation studies demonstrate the excellent electrocatalytic behavior of titanium carbonitride.The investigation of 2D titanium carbonitride opens up a promising paradigm for the conscious design of high-performance non-precious metal catalyst for hydrogen generation.展开更多
The Devonian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is widely distributed,diverse in lithotypes and rich in fossils.It records the crucial processes of continuous subduction and reduction of t...The Devonian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is widely distributed,diverse in lithotypes and rich in fossils.It records the crucial processes of continuous subduction and reduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern hemisphere and the transformation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean into the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the southern hemisphere.Thus,it is of great significance for explaining the global paleogeographic evolution,tectonic activities and biodiversity changes during this critical period.The blocks on both sides of the southern Tienshan suture zone and the Longmu Co-ShuanghuChangning-Menglian suture zone belong to different sedimentary systems and paleobiogeographic realms and regions,showing important tectonic paleogeographic partitioning significance.The two suture zones represent the main branches of the PaleoAsian Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,respectively,and on this basis the Devonian System can be subdivided into three types:the Tienshan type,the Tethys type and the Gondwana type.Based on recent research progress on the Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology in combining provenance analysis and biotic characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas,this paper aims to establish the latest integrative stratigraphic framework and conduct paleogeographic reconstruction,providing foundation for exploring the geological evolution and dynamic mechanisms of various terranes and blocks in the northern margin of Gondwana.The results indicate that the North Qiangtang,South Qiangtang,Simao,Baoshan and Tengchong terranes,as well as the Himalaya Tethys Zone and the South China Block have affinities with the Indian Block,while the Lhasa Terrane has affinities with the Australian Block,and may be located between the South China and Australian blocks.In the Emsian(Early Devonian),the South China Block separated from the northern margin of Gondwana,a process that was accompanied by the opening of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan Ocean.In the Middle Devonian,the mid-oceanic ridge of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean expanded rapidly,corresponding with a global sea-level rise,the widespread development of carbonate platforms and nadir values of Devonian seawater strontium isotopes.By the Late Devonian,the Paleo-Tethys Ocean had reached a considerable size,leading to abundant occurrences of Upper Devonian radiolarian cherts in the Paleo-Tethys suture zones.展开更多
With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are...With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several GHz.In contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several THz.Herein,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/14.As the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output spectrum.Additionally,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic nanolasers.Moreover,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling strength.Our work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).展开更多
Autophagy plays a vital role in cerebral ischemia and may be a potential target for developing novel therapy for stroke. In this study, we constructed an autophagy-related pathway network by analyzing the genes relate...Autophagy plays a vital role in cerebral ischemia and may be a potential target for developing novel therapy for stroke. In this study, we constructed an autophagy-related pathway network by analyzing the genes related to autophagy and ischemic stroke, and the risk genes were screened. Two autophagy-related modules were significantly up-regulated and clustered to influence cerebral ischemia. Besides, three key modular genes(NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3) were revealed. With 5-fold cross validation, the ROC curves of NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3 were 0.8256, 0.8462, and 0.8923. They formed a complex module and competitively mediated the activation of autophagy in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, a module containing NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3 mediates autophagy, serving as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Cuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs,which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses.Here,we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular-wax-re...Cuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs,which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses.Here,we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular-wax-related gene,Zea mays L.SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 5(ZmSRL5).The loss-of-function mutant srl5,which was created by a 3,745 bp in-sertion in the first intron that led to the premature tran-script,exhibited abnormal wax crystal morphology and distribution,which,in turn,caused the pleiotropic pheno-types including increased chlorophyll leaching and water loss rate,decreased leaf temperature,sensitivity to drought,as well as semi-rolled mature leaves.However,total wax amounts showed no significant difference between wild type and semi-rolled leaf5(srl5)mutant.The phenotype of srl5 was confirmed through the generation of two allelic mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.ZmSRL5 encodes a CASPARIAN-STRIP-MEMBRANE-DOMAIN-LIKE(CASPL)protein located in plasma membrane,and highly expressed in developing leaves.Further analysis showed that the expressions of the most wax related genes were not affected or slightly al-tered in srl5.This study,thus,primarily uncovers that ZmSRL5 is required for the structure formation of the cu-ticular wax and could increase the drought tolerance by maintaining the proper cuticular wax structure in maize.展开更多
文摘After publication of this article1,it was brought to our at-tention that the mathematical expressions‘‰’were mis-takenly replaced by‘%’for salinities.Details are listed below.1.In the last sentence in abstract,“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5%”should be“approximately 0.1℃and 0.5‰”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62175072, No. 62175072 and No. 12074209)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics (Grant No. KF202008)support from International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (Talent-Introduction Program)。
文摘The Brillouin scattering spectrum has been used to investigate the properties of a liquid medium.Here,we propose an improved method based on the double-edge technique to obtain the Brillouin spectrum of a liquid.We calculated the transmission ratios and deduced the Brillouin shift and linewidth to construct the Brillouin spectrum by extracting the Brillouin edge signal through filtered double-edge data.We built a detection system to test the performance of this method and measured the Brillouin spectrum for distilled water at different temperatures and compared it with the theoretical prediction.The observed difference between the experimental and theoretical values for Brillouin shift and linewidth is less than 4.3 MHz and 3.2 MHz,respectively.Moreover,based on the double-edge technique,the accuracy of the extracted temperatures and salinity is approximately 0.1°C and 0.5‰,respectively,indicating significant potential for application in water detection and oceanography.
基金supported by the Joint Research Fund in Astronomy(Grant Nos.U1931129,U1631115 and U1831117)under cooperative agreement between NSFC and Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)NSFC-STINT Grant 11611130023(CH2015-6360)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant No.11403054)
文摘This paper reports on the time and frequency standard system for the Five-hundred meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST),including the system design,stability measurements and pulsar timing observations.The stability and drift rate of the frequency standard are calculated using 1-year monitoring data.The UTC-NIM Disciplined Oscillator(NIMDO)system improves the system time accuracy and stability to the level of 5 ns.Pulsar timing observations were carried out for several months.The weighted RMS of timing residuals reaches the level of less than 3.0μs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6107901361079014+4 种基金61403198)the National Natural Science Funds and Civil Aviaiton Mutual Funds(U1533128U1233114)the Programs of Natural Science Foundation of China and China Civil Aviation Joint Fund(60939003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China(BK2011737)
文摘It is significant to combine multiple tasks into an optimal work package in decision-making of aircraft maintenance to reduce cost,so a cost rate model of combinatorial maintenance is an urgent need.However,the optimal combination under various constraints not only involves numerical calculations but also is an NP-hard combinatorial problem.To solve the problem,an adaptive genetic algorithm based on cluster search,which is divided into two phases,is put forward.In the first phase,according to the density,all individuals can be homogeneously scattered over the whole solution space through crossover and mutation and better individuals are collected as candidate cluster centres.In the second phase,the search is confined to the neighbourhood of some selected possible solutions to accurately solve with cluster radius decreasing slowly,meanwhile all clusters continuously move to better regions until all the peaks in the question space is searched.This algorithm can efficiently solve the combination problem.Taking the optimization on decision-making of aircraft maintenance by the algorithm for an example,maintenance which combines multiple parts or tasks can significantly enhance economic benefit when the halt cost is rather high.
文摘AIM:To compare the rotational stability of Toric intraocular lens(IOLs)implantation combined with foureyelet or two-eyelet capsular tension rings(CTRs)in eyes with high myopia and cataract.METHODS:This prospective randomized controlled interventional study in cluded 33 eyes which had preoperative corneal astigmatism≥1.5 D and ocular axial length≥25.5 mm.These eyes were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and toric IOL implantation with either four-eyelet CTR implantation(group A,n=16)or two-eyelet CTR implantation(group B,n=17).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),phoropter examination results,and toric IOL rotation degrees were tested 6 mo after the surgery.RESULTS:In both groups,the toric IOL was in the capsular sac 6 mo after surgery.The difference between the two groups in terms of visual outcome was not found to be statistically significant(P>0.05)at a follow-up of 6 mo.The mean residual astigmatism values were 0.56±0.22 D and 0.92±0.24 D in A and B groups,respectively(P<0.001).The mean rotation degree of IOL was 1.00°±0.73°in group A and 3.53°±1.46°in group B(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In cataract patients with high myopia and astigmatism,four-eyelet CTR can effectively increase the rotation stability of toric IOLs,achieving the desired goal of correcting corneal astigmatism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61534005,11475025 and 11375029)
文摘The silicon photomultiplier(SiPM) with epitaxial quenching resistor(EQR) is an emerging and developing technology that has recently attracted the interest from the research community. It has characteristics of a continuous low-resistance cap layer and integrated quenching resisters in epitaxial silicon layer, which makes it possible to increase microcell density or reduce microcell size, thus obtaining large dynamic range and high photon detection efficiency(PDE) simultaneously. Results published show that the EQR SiPM with N-on-P diode configuration had relatively low PDE at peak wavelength of 480 nm as 16%. This paper reported the EQR SiPM with P-on-N diode configuration having active area of 3 × 3 mm^2 and cell density of 10,000/mm^2(total 90,000 pixels). It was characterized with gain of 2E5, dark count rate of 7 MHz, crosstalk of 7%, dynamic range of 85,000 pixels, overall recovery time of 32 ns at room temperature and over-voltage of 3.5 V. The improved PDE at peak wavelength of 420 nm was 30%.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.18ATY008)
文摘Purpose This study aimed to describe the national prevalence of Chinese children and adolescents who met the World Health Organization muscle-strengthening exercise(MSE)recommendations and identify correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2019 Physical Activity and Fitness in China—The Youth Study,a nationally representative sample of Chinese children and adolescents(n=80,413;mean age=13.7 years;53.9%girls)and their parents,were analyzed.Children and adolescents who reported engaging≥3 days(up to 7 days)of MSE per week were classified as meeting the MSE recommendations.MSE,demographics,lifestyle behaviors(sport participation,moderate-to-vigorous physical activity,screen time,and sleep duration),exercise intention,peer and parental support,and parental MSE participation were assessed through self-reports.Logistic regression models were used to determine the correlates of meeting the MSE recommendations.The analyses were completed in 2020.Results Overall,39.3%of children and adolescents met the MSE recommendations.Girls,10th-12th graders,minorities,those from lower income households and those from families with lower parental education were less likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Children and adolescents who were proficient in≥2 sports were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26-1.65),as were those with more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(aOR=1.57,95%CI:1.53-1.61).Additionally,children and adolescents with high exercise intention(aOR=1.60,95%CI:1.51-1.69),those whose parents met the adult MSE recommendations(aOR=1.46,95%CI:1.40-1.52),and those who received high peer(aOR=1.27,95%CI:1.20-1.34)and parental support(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.04-1.12)were more likely to meet the MSE recommendations.Conclusion Less than two-fifths of Chinese children and adolescents met the World Health Organization MSE recommendations.The correlates identified in our study can help inform the development of school and community based strategies and policies to enhance participation in MSE and improve muscular fitness of all Chinese children and adolescents.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300755)the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Educational Bureau of Anhui Province(No.KJ2013A147)
文摘In this review, we summarize the progression of several parameters assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) in recent years for the detection of glaucoma. Monitoring the progression of defects in the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness is essential. Imaging and analysis of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) and inner plexiform layer(IPL), respectively, have been of great importance. Optic nerve head(ONH) topography obtained from 3D SD-OCT images is another crucial step. Other important assessments involve locating the Bruch's membrane opening(BMO), estimating the optic disc size and rim area, and measuring the lamina cribrosa displacement. Still other parameters found in the past three years for glaucoma diagnosis comprise central retinal artery resistive index, optic disc perfusion in optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA) study, peripapillary choroidal thickness, and choroidal area in SD-OCT. Recently, several more ocular fundus parameters have been found, and compared with the earlier parameters to judge the accuracy of diagnosis. While a few of these parameters have been widely used in clinical practice, a fair number are still in the experimental stage.
基金This research was financially supported under the Westlake Multidisciplinary Research Initiative Center(MRIC)Seed Fund(Grant No.MRIC20200101).
文摘Metal oxide thin-films transistors(TFTs)produced from solution-based printing techniques can lead to large-area electronics with low cost.However,the performance of current printed devices is inferior to those from vacuum-based methods due to poor film uniformity induced by the“coffeering”effect.Here,we report a novel approach to print highperformance indium tin oxide(ITO)-based TFTs and logic inverters by taking advantage of such notorious effect.ITO has high electrical conductivity and is generally used as an electrode material.However,by reducing the film thickness down to nanometers scale,the carrier concentration of ITO can be effectively reduced to enable new applications as active channels in transistors.The ultrathin(~10-nm-thick)ITO film in the center of the coffee-ring worked as semiconducting channels,while the thick ITO ridges(>18-nm-thick)served as the contact electrodes.The fully inkjet-printed ITO TFTs exhibited a high saturation mobility of 34.9 cm2 V^(−1) s^(−1) and a low subthreshold swing of 105 mV dec^(−1).In addition,the devices exhibited excellent electrical stability under positive bias illumination stress(PBIS,ΔV_(th)=0.31 V)and negative bias illuminaiton stress(NBIS,ΔV_(th)=−0.29 V)after 10,000 s voltage bias tests.More remarkably,fully printed n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor(NMOS)inverter based on ITO TFTs exhibited an extremely high gain of 181 at a low-supply voltage of 3 V,promising for advanced electronics applications.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31672168)National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province(Grant No.BK20191312).
文摘The shape of fruit apex is critical to appearance quality in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.),of which the genetic basis was poorly understood,and the use of marker-assisted breeding for fruit apex improvement is not available yet.In this study,the variation of fruit apex in different cucumber ecotypes was evaluated by fruit apex angle(variation coefficient from 7.1%to 15.7%)and fruit apex index(variation coefficient from 8.8%to 22.6%).Fruit apex associated QTLs were mapped by using 145 F_(2:3) families and 155 F_(2:6) population that were derived from the cross of different ecotype cucumbers.Phenotyping of the mapping populations were conducted in four experiments in 2 years.Four majoreffect QTLs,Bfal4.1,Bfai4.1,Bfad6.1 and Bfai6.1 were consistently and reliably detected across two environments which could explain 11.6%-33.6%phenotypic variations(R^(2))in the F_(2:3) families.Three major-effect QTLs,Ofai4.1(R^(2)=13.4%-15.5%),Ofal4.1(R^(2)=10.7%-12.8%),and Ofad6.1(R^(2)=11.6%-12.4%)were stably detected in the F_(2:6) population in two experiments.Bfai4.1,Bfal4.1,Ofai4.1 and Ofal4.1 were integrated to be consensus QTL fa4.1,within which 11 candidate genes were predicted.Bfai6.1 and Bfad6.1 were integrated to be consensus QTL fa6.1.QTL interaction analysis showed that Bfai6.1 has epistatic effect with Bfai4.1.This study revealed two reliable major-effect fruit apex related QTLs across multi-genetic backgrounds and environments in cucumber.The possible candidate genes regulating the shape of fruit apex,and the relationship between cell division and fruit apex morphogenesis were discussed.
基金supported by Tulane University.M.K.acknowledges the support by the US Department of Energy under EPSCoR Grant No.DE-SC0012432 with additional support from the Louisiana Board of Regents.
文摘In this paper,we report,for the first time,on the electrochemical catalytic activity of 2D titanium carbonitride MXene for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).According to our study,2D titanium carbonitride exhibited much higher electrocatalytic activity than its carbide analogues,achieving an onset overpotential of 53 mV and Tafel slope of 86 mV dec^(-1),superior to the titanium carbide with onset overpotential of 649 mV and Tafel slope of 303 mV dec^(-1).The obtained onset overpotential for 2D titanium carbonitride is lower than those of all the reported transition metal carbides MXene catalysts without additives,so far.Density functional theory calculations were conducted to further understand the electrochemical performance.The calculation results show that a greater number of occupied states are active for Ti_(3)CNO_(2),revealing free energy for the adsorption of atomic hydrogen closer to 0 than that of Ti_(3)C_(2)O_(2).Both experimental and calculation studies demonstrate the excellent electrocatalytic behavior of titanium carbonitride.The investigation of 2D titanium carbonitride opens up a promising paradigm for the conscious design of high-performance non-precious metal catalyst for hydrogen generation.
基金financially supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0706)。
文摘The Devonian System in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas is widely distributed,diverse in lithotypes and rich in fossils.It records the crucial processes of continuous subduction and reduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the northern hemisphere and the transformation of the Proto-Tethys Ocean into the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the southern hemisphere.Thus,it is of great significance for explaining the global paleogeographic evolution,tectonic activities and biodiversity changes during this critical period.The blocks on both sides of the southern Tienshan suture zone and the Longmu Co-ShuanghuChangning-Menglian suture zone belong to different sedimentary systems and paleobiogeographic realms and regions,showing important tectonic paleogeographic partitioning significance.The two suture zones represent the main branches of the PaleoAsian Ocean and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,respectively,and on this basis the Devonian System can be subdivided into three types:the Tienshan type,the Tethys type and the Gondwana type.Based on recent research progress on the Devonian stratigraphy and paleontology in combining provenance analysis and biotic characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas,this paper aims to establish the latest integrative stratigraphic framework and conduct paleogeographic reconstruction,providing foundation for exploring the geological evolution and dynamic mechanisms of various terranes and blocks in the northern margin of Gondwana.The results indicate that the North Qiangtang,South Qiangtang,Simao,Baoshan and Tengchong terranes,as well as the Himalaya Tethys Zone and the South China Block have affinities with the Indian Block,while the Lhasa Terrane has affinities with the Australian Block,and may be located between the South China and Australian blocks.In the Emsian(Early Devonian),the South China Block separated from the northern margin of Gondwana,a process that was accompanied by the opening of the Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan Ocean.In the Middle Devonian,the mid-oceanic ridge of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean expanded rapidly,corresponding with a global sea-level rise,the widespread development of carbonate platforms and nadir values of Devonian seawater strontium isotopes.By the Late Devonian,the Paleo-Tethys Ocean had reached a considerable size,leading to abundant occurrences of Upper Devonian radiolarian cherts in the Paleo-Tethys suture zones.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174037,12204061,12204030,and 62375003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2022XD-A09)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communication,China(Grant No.IPOC2021ZZ02)。
文摘With the rapid development of information and communication technology,a key objective in the field of optoelectronic integrated devices is to reduce the nano-laser size and energy consumption.Photonics nanolasers are unable to exceed the diffraction limit and typically exhibit low modulation rates of several GHz.In contrast,plasmonic nanolaser utilizes highly confined surface plasmon polariton(SPP)mode that can exceed diffraction limit and their strong Purcell effect can accelerate the modulation rates to several THz.Herein,we propose a parametrically tunable artificial plasmonic nanolasers based on metal–insulator–semiconductor–insulator–metal(MISIM)structure,which demonstrates its ability to compress the mode field volume toλ/14.As the pump power increases,the proposed artificial plasmonic nanolaser exhibits 20-nm-wide output spectrum.Additionally,we investigate the effects of various cavity parameters on the nanolaser’s output threshold,offering potentials for realizing low-threshold artificial plasmonic nanolasers.Moreover,we observe a blue shift in the center wavelength of the nanolaser output with thinner gain layer thickness,predominantly attributed to the increased exciton–photon coupling strength.Our work brings inspiration to several areas,including spaser-based interconnects,nano-LEDs,spontaneous emission control,miniaturization of photon condensates,eigenmode engineering of plasmonic nanolasers,and optimal design driven by artificial intelligence(AI).
基金supported by a Shanghai Leading Talents Project (54[2012])a Pudong New Area Leading Talents Project of Health System (PWR12011-02)
文摘Autophagy plays a vital role in cerebral ischemia and may be a potential target for developing novel therapy for stroke. In this study, we constructed an autophagy-related pathway network by analyzing the genes related to autophagy and ischemic stroke, and the risk genes were screened. Two autophagy-related modules were significantly up-regulated and clustered to influence cerebral ischemia. Besides, three key modular genes(NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3) were revealed. With 5-fold cross validation, the ROC curves of NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3 were 0.8256, 0.8462, and 0.8923. They formed a complex module and competitively mediated the activation of autophagy in cerebral ischemia. In conclusion, a module containing NFKB1, RELA, and STAT3 mediates autophagy, serving as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and therapy of ischemic stroke.
基金We are grateful for the financial support for the study bythe National Key Research and Development Programof China(2016YFDo100303)National NatureScience Foundation of China(31771796 and 31860383).
文摘Cuticular wax is a natural barrier on terrestrial plant organs,which protects plants from damages caused by a variety of stresses.Here,we report the identification and functional characterization of a cuticular-wax-related gene,Zea mays L.SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 5(ZmSRL5).The loss-of-function mutant srl5,which was created by a 3,745 bp in-sertion in the first intron that led to the premature tran-script,exhibited abnormal wax crystal morphology and distribution,which,in turn,caused the pleiotropic pheno-types including increased chlorophyll leaching and water loss rate,decreased leaf temperature,sensitivity to drought,as well as semi-rolled mature leaves.However,total wax amounts showed no significant difference between wild type and semi-rolled leaf5(srl5)mutant.The phenotype of srl5 was confirmed through the generation of two allelic mutants using CRISPR/Cas9.ZmSRL5 encodes a CASPARIAN-STRIP-MEMBRANE-DOMAIN-LIKE(CASPL)protein located in plasma membrane,and highly expressed in developing leaves.Further analysis showed that the expressions of the most wax related genes were not affected or slightly al-tered in srl5.This study,thus,primarily uncovers that ZmSRL5 is required for the structure formation of the cu-ticular wax and could increase the drought tolerance by maintaining the proper cuticular wax structure in maize.