A new production component method for natural gas development planning

Based on an analysis of the limitations of conventional production component methods for natural gas development planning,this study proposes a new one that uses life cycle models for the trend fitting and prediction of production.In this new method,the annual production of old and new wells is predicted by year first and then is summed up to yield the production for the planning period.It shows that the changes in the production of old wells in old blocks can be fitted and predicted using the vapor pressure model(VPM),with precision of 80%e95%,which is 6.6%e13.2%higher than that of other life cycle models.Furthermore,a new production prediction process and method for new wells have been established based on this life cycle model to predict the production of medium-to-shallow gas reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin,with predication error of production rate in 2021 and 2022 being 6%and 3%respectively.The new method can be used to guide the medium-and long-term planning or annual scheme preparation for gas development.It is also applicable to planning for large single gas blocks that require continuous infill drilling and adjustment to improve gas recovery.

The First Case of Co-Infection with Omicron Subvariants BA.5.2.48 and BF.7.14——Chongqing Municipality,China,February 2023

On February 14,2023,a co-infection of Omicron strains was detected in a sample collected and submitted for examination at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.On February 7,2023,a 67-year-old female patient living in Yunyang County,Chongqing City,was identified with a history of malignant tumor that had been treated with chemotherapy,radiotherapy,targeting,and other treatments in the past 6 months.Low immunity was suspected,but no other basic diseases,history of smoking,or drinking habits were present.The patient had received two injections of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine(Sinovac Life Sciences Co.Ltd.).

Spontaneous immunomodulation and regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by Sr/Cu-borosilicate glass (BSG) bone cement to repair critical bone defects

Injectable bone biomaterials like bone cement should be designed and fabricated with certain biological criteria,which include:1)recruitment and polarization of the macrophages from M1(pro-inflammatory)to M2(anti-inflammatory)phenotype,2)enhance vascularization,and 3)activate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells to promote bone healing.So far,no injectable biomaterials could spontaneously regulate the entire bone healing process that involves inflammation,angiogenesis,and osteogenesis.Therefore,in this study,we designed bone cement comprised of strontium and copper-incorporated borosilicate glass(Sr/Cu-BSG)in the liquid phase of chitosan to modulate bone healing.In vitro studies showed that the controlled release of Sr and Cu ions up-regulated anti-inflammatory genes(IL-1Ra and TGF-β1)while down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes(IL-1βand IL-6)in macrophages at 3 days.Sr and Cu ions also increased the expressions of angiogenic genes(VEGF and bFGF)in HUVECs at 5 days and osteogenic genes(Runx-2,OCN,and OPN)in hBMSCs at 7,14,and 21 days.5Sr3Cu-BSG bone cement exhibited the best anti-inflammatory,angiogenic,and osteogenic properties among the bone cement groups with different Sr and Cu ratios.Short-term and long-term implantation of Sr/Cu-BSGs in femoral condylar bone defects of rats and rabbits confirmed the in vitro results,where the degradation rate of Sr/Cu-BSG matched the bone healing rate.Similar to in vitro,the 5Sr3Cu-BSG group also showed the highest bone formation in vivo.Excellent physical and chemical properties,along with its bone repairing ability,make the Sr/Cu-BSG bone cement a good candidate biomaterial for treating bone defects.

Production forecasting methods for different types of gas reservoirs

Hydrocarbon production in oil and gas fields generally progresses through stages of production ramp-up,plateau(peak),and decline during field development,with the whole process primarily modeled and forecasted using lifecycle models.SINOPEC's conventional gas reservoirs are dominated by carbonates,low-permeability tight sandstone,condensate,volcanic rocks,and medium-to-high-permeability sandstone.This study identifies the optimal production forecasting models by comparing the fitting coefficients of different models and calculating the relative errors in technically recoverable reserves.To improve forecast precision,it suggests substituting exponential smoothing method-derived predictions for anomalous data caused by subjective influences like market dynamics and maintenance activities.The preferred models for carbonate gas reservoir production forecasts are the generalized Weng's,Beta,Class-I generalized mathematical,and Hu-Chen models.The Vapor pressure and Beta models are optimal for forecasting the annual productivity of wells(APW)from gas-bearing low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs.The Wang-Li,Beta,and Yu QT tb models are apt for moderate-to-small-reserves,single low-permeability tight sandstone gas reservoirs.The Rayleigh,Hu-Chen,and generalized Weng's models are suitable for condensate gas reservoirs.For medium-to-high-permeability sandstone gas reservoirs,the lognormal,generalized gamma,and Beta models are recommended.

社会信任、法律环境与审计效率--基于CGSS数据的实证研究

本文以我国沪、深两市2003—2016年上市公司为研究对象,研究了社会信任、法律环境与审计效率之间的关系,并检验了审计效率的提高是否以审计质量为代价。研究结果表明审计师在审计时会考虑公司所在地的社会信任水平,对高社会信任区域的公司会减少审计程序,从而提高审计效率。法律环境的改善也会提高审计效率,且法律环境与社会信任具有替代作用,在法律环境较差的情况下,社会信任对审计效率的促进作用相对更大。进一步的研究表明社会信任所导致的审计效率提高并没有损害审计质量。本文的研究为我们深入认识社会信任的价值、加强非正式制度建设提供了有益的思考与启示。

Construction of TiO2/silane nanofilm on AZ31 magnesium alloy for controlled degradability and enhanced biocompatibility

A TiO2 nanofilm was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy with controllable thickness through atomic layer deposition(ALD) technique, which can adjust the corrosion behaviors of AZ31 Mg alloy.Compared with the untreated Mg alloys, corrosion current densities(icorr)can decline by 58% in the 200-cycles TiO2-covered Mg alloy and further decline by up to 74% with the thickness of nanofilm up to 63 nm(400 cycles).The subsequent modification with a cross-linked conversion layer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) by a dipping method can produce a compact silane coating on TiO2 nanofilm, which can seal pinholes of TiO2 nanofilm and serve as a barrier to further adjust the corrosion behavior of the substrate.The icorrcan decline about two orders of magnitude in the TiO2/silane composite coating.Making the adjustable corrosion rate come true, which can be attributed to the precise control on the thickness of metal oxide nanofilm and additional protection from the compact silane coating.In vitro study discloses that the TiO2/silane hybrid coating shows higher expression of alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and can promote cellular adhesion and proliferation with better cytocompatibility than untreated Mg alloy.

Hyaluronic acid facilitates bone repair effects of calcium phosphate cement by accelerating osteogenic expression

Calcium phosphate cements(CPC)are widely anticipated to be an optimum bone repair substitute due to its satisfied biocompatibility and degradability,suitable to be used in minimally invasive treatment of bone defects.However the clinical application of CPC is still not satisfied by its poor cohesiveness and mechanical properties,in particular its osteoinductivity.Hyaluronic acid reinforced calcium phosphate cements(HA/CPC)showed extroadinary potential not only enhancing the compressive strength of the cements but also significantly increasing its osteoinductivity.In our study,the compressive strength of HA/CPC increased significantly when the cement was added 1%hyaluronic acid(denoted as 1-HA/CPC).In the meantime,hyaluronic acid obviously promoted ALP activity,osteogenic related protein and mRNA expression of hBMSCs(human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells)in vitro,cement group of HA/CPC with 4%hyaluronic acid adding(denoted as 4-HA/CPC)showed optimal enhancement in hBMSCs differentiation.After being implanted in rat tibial defects,4-HA/CPC group exhibited better bone repair ability and bone growth promoting factors,comparing to pure CPC and 1-HA/CPC groups.The underlying biological mechanism of this stimulation for HA/CPC may be on account of higher osteogenic promoting factors secretion and osteogenic genes expression with hyaluronic acid incorporation.These results indicate that hyaluronic acid is a highly anticipated additive to improve physicochemical properties and osteoinductivity performance of CPCs for minimally invasive healing of bone defects.

Non-negative locality-constrained vocabulary tree for finger vein image retrieval

Finger vein image retrieval is a biometric identification technology that has recently attracted a lot of attention. It has the potential to reduce the search space and has attracted a considerable amount of research effort recently. It is a challenging problem owing to the large number of images in biometric databases and the lack of efficient retrieval schemes. We apply a hierarchical vocabulary tree modelbased image retrieval approach because of its good scalability and high efficiency. However, there is a large accumulative quantization error in the vocabulary tree (VT) model that may degrade the retrieval precision. To solve this problem, we improve the vector quantization coding in the VT model by introducing a non-negative locality-constrained constraint: the non-negative locality-constrained vocabulary tree-based image retrieval model. The proposed method can effectively improve coding performanee and the discriminative power of local features. Extensive experiments on a large fused finger vein database demonstrate the superiority of our encoding method. Experimental results also show that our retrieval strategy achieves better performanee than other state-of-theart methods, while maintaining low time complexity.

Effect of Extrusion Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg–5Al–2Ca Alloy

In this work, the Mg–5Al–2Ca alloy was extruded at 573, 623 and 673 K, with a ratio of 16：1 and a constant speed of 3 mm/s. Results demonstrate that the Al2Ca particle is formed in Mg–5Al–2Ca alloy. The size, amount and distribution of Al2Ca particles are influenced evidently by extrusion temperature. Unlike previous reports, the intensity of basal texture increases with increasing extrusion temperature, and the reasons are analyzed and given. Even though the average grain size increases as the extrusion temperature increased from 573 to 623 K, the YS, UTS and elongation of asextruded Mg–5Al–2Ca alloy are almost kept the same at 573 and 623 K. The reason is speculated as the balance of grain size, Al2Ca phase and texture at the two temperatures. The work hardening rate depends on extrusion temperature, and the largest θ value of Mg–5Al–2Ca alloy is obtained when the extrusion was performed at 623 K.

Three Cases Infected with Avian Influenza A(H5N6)Virus-Chongqing Municipality,China,January-September,2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?The World Health Organization(WHO)has reported a total of 48 cases by October 15,2021.The continuous genomic reassortments of H5N6 and other subtype avian influenza viruses(AIVs)pose a long-term threat to public health and the poultry industry.What is added by this report?Three new cases of H5N6 that occurred from January to September 2021 in Chongqing Municipality,China were reported in this study.Epidemiological information of the three cases showed raising poultry and visiting live poultry market contributed to these infections,and there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission of H5N6 currently but a potential spatial cluster.An increase of H5N6 cases was recorded in the area.What are the implications for public health practice?In case of unexplained pneumonia or severe respiratory infection,the patients’epidemiological history of contact with poultry or live poultry markets(LPMs)may be an important interrogation to help diagnose.Extensive and long-term surveillance of avian influenza viruses in LPMs is essential.

Fundamental studies for high temperature processing of tungsten leaching residues for alloy formation

The first step in the production of tungsten is to enrich tungsten from two minerals wolframite((Fe,Mn)WO_(4))and scheelite(CaWO_(4))through the leaching process.The leaching residue usually contains a certain amount(2-5 wt%)of WO_(3) which is higher than that in the tungsten ore(generally less than 1 wt%).In addition,the leaching residue may also consist of other valuable elements such as Cu,Ta,Nb,Sn,Sc,Mn and Fe.Understanding the phases and their compositions present in the residue is one of the key steps for the efficient utilization.The typical residue sample is carefully analysed by electron probe X-ray microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence.A high-temperature process,which includes pre-reduction at 1000-1100℃and smelting reduction at 1450-1500℃,is proposed to efficiently recover the valuable elements.Experimental work and thermo-dynamic calculations confirmed that most of the valuable elements can be economically recovered with optimum conditions.

2007-2016年中国重庆人狂犬病的流行病学特征和暴露后预防处置

根据消除人狂犬病的全球框架，中国制订了2030年实现犬传播的狂犬病零死亡的目标。本文描述了中国重庆人狂犬病的流行病学特征和暴露后预防处置，为进一步防控人狂犬病提供可靠的流行病学依据。