The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the entrained flow gasifier was significantly lower than that in other locations.It was critically important to study the corrosion mechanism of refract...The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the entrained flow gasifier was significantly lower than that in other locations.It was critically important to study the corrosion mechanism of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole for guiding industrial production.Considering the complex flow field in the slag tapping hole,the influence of gas velocity and temperature fluctuation on the service life of refractory brick was investigated in this study.The results showed that the slag flow characteristics periodically changed with the gas temperature and velocity fluctuations.The brick corrosion rate increased with the decrease of fluctuation frequency.Compared with the gas-phase velocity fluctuation,the gasphase temperature fluctuation had a more significant influence on the brick corrosion rate.When the fluctuation frequency was 0.01 Hz and the gas temperature fluctuation amplitude was 200 K,the corrosion rate of refractory bricks increased by 25%.It could be concluded that the fluctuation of gas-phase temperature was the main cause for the low service life of refractory bricks in the tapping hole.展开更多
Developing highly-efficient bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an effi...Developing highly-efficient bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an efficiency electrodeposition and pyrolytic strategy to synthesize the three-dimensional(3D)N-doped carbon coating multiple valence Co and MnO heterostructures supported on carbon cloth substrate(Co-MnO@NC/CC).It contains Co-Co,Co-N,and Co-O bonds,which synergistically enhance the oxygen reaction activity with MnO.It exhibits a working potential of 1.473 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2)for OER and onset potential of 0.97 V for ORR.Theory calculations demonstrate that the synergy between cobalt and manganese species could optimize the d-band center and reduce the energy barrier of Co-MnO@NC/CC for both OER and ORR processes.Besides,the MnO acts as the main OER active site could significantly optimize the energy barrier of O*→OOH*,thus further promoting the OER activity.It can be directly used as the air-cathode for both liquid-state and solid-state ZABs,which could afford a small voltage gap of 0.75 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2),a high power density of 172.5 mW·cm^(−2)and a long-term durability for 400 h,surpassing those of the Pt/C+RuO_(2)-based ZAB.Importantly,the assembled batteries show potential applications in portable devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0605000).
文摘The service life of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole of the entrained flow gasifier was significantly lower than that in other locations.It was critically important to study the corrosion mechanism of refractory brick in the slag tapping hole for guiding industrial production.Considering the complex flow field in the slag tapping hole,the influence of gas velocity and temperature fluctuation on the service life of refractory brick was investigated in this study.The results showed that the slag flow characteristics periodically changed with the gas temperature and velocity fluctuations.The brick corrosion rate increased with the decrease of fluctuation frequency.Compared with the gas-phase velocity fluctuation,the gasphase temperature fluctuation had a more significant influence on the brick corrosion rate.When the fluctuation frequency was 0.01 Hz and the gas temperature fluctuation amplitude was 200 K,the corrosion rate of refractory bricks increased by 25%.It could be concluded that the fluctuation of gas-phase temperature was the main cause for the low service life of refractory bricks in the tapping hole.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20250 and 22179034)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.ZD2023B002).
文摘Developing highly-efficient bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts is crucial for the widespread application of rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,an efficiency electrodeposition and pyrolytic strategy to synthesize the three-dimensional(3D)N-doped carbon coating multiple valence Co and MnO heterostructures supported on carbon cloth substrate(Co-MnO@NC/CC).It contains Co-Co,Co-N,and Co-O bonds,which synergistically enhance the oxygen reaction activity with MnO.It exhibits a working potential of 1.473 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2)for OER and onset potential of 0.97 V for ORR.Theory calculations demonstrate that the synergy between cobalt and manganese species could optimize the d-band center and reduce the energy barrier of Co-MnO@NC/CC for both OER and ORR processes.Besides,the MnO acts as the main OER active site could significantly optimize the energy barrier of O*→OOH*,thus further promoting the OER activity.It can be directly used as the air-cathode for both liquid-state and solid-state ZABs,which could afford a small voltage gap of 0.75 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2),a high power density of 172.5 mW·cm^(−2)and a long-term durability for 400 h,surpassing those of the Pt/C+RuO_(2)-based ZAB.Importantly,the assembled batteries show potential applications in portable devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20250,52172206,and 22179034)the Development Plan of the Youth Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province。
