Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector.The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition,and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis,intermedia...Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector.The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition,and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis,intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity.From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies,organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of newonset diabetes mellitus.Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells,insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of newonset diabetes mellitus.To date,a preventive strategy for organophosphatemediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking.However,lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.展开更多
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the popular topics of discussions due to increasing development of biomarkers recently. The disease progression and prognosis may be determined by these biomarkers detected in blood...Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the popular topics of discussions due to increasing development of biomarkers recently. The disease progression and prognosis may be determined by these biomarkers detected in blood and urine specimens. Since acute kidney injury is associated with a broad spectrum of disease conditions, prevention and early detection of AKI becomes very important in those clinical settings. Early measurements of AKI biomarkers predict subsequent development of intrinsic AKI, dialysis requirement, duration of intensive care unit stay and finally affect mortality. We, here, discuss the acute kidney injury in different clinical situations and associated natures of biomarkers, which may help us guide to prevent and treat AKI more effectively.展开更多
基金Chang Gung Memorial Hospital,Linkou,Taiwan,No.CORPG3K0191 and No.CMRPG3J1051-3.
文摘Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector.The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition,and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis,intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity.From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies,organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of newonset diabetes mellitus.Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells,insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of newonset diabetes mellitus.To date,a preventive strategy for organophosphatemediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking.However,lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.
文摘Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the popular topics of discussions due to increasing development of biomarkers recently. The disease progression and prognosis may be determined by these biomarkers detected in blood and urine specimens. Since acute kidney injury is associated with a broad spectrum of disease conditions, prevention and early detection of AKI becomes very important in those clinical settings. Early measurements of AKI biomarkers predict subsequent development of intrinsic AKI, dialysis requirement, duration of intensive care unit stay and finally affect mortality. We, here, discuss the acute kidney injury in different clinical situations and associated natures of biomarkers, which may help us guide to prevent and treat AKI more effectively.
