Arsenic and sulfur mineralization is a natural phenomenon occurring in hydrothermal systems where parameters like temperature and organic matter(OM)can influence the mobilization of the toxic metalloid in marine envir...Arsenic and sulfur mineralization is a natural phenomenon occurring in hydrothermal systems where parameters like temperature and organic matter(OM)can influence the mobilization of the toxic metalloid in marine environments.In the present study we analyze the influence of temperature and OM(particularly sulfur-containing additives)on As and S precipitation based on the recent discovery of As-rich nanoparticles in the hydrothermal system near the coast of the Greek island Milos.To this end,we experimentally recreate the formation of amorphous colloidal particles rich in As and S via acidification(pH 3–4)of aqueous precursors at various temperatures.At higher temperatures,we observe the formation of monodisperse particles within the first 24 h of the experiment,generating colloidal particles with diameters close to 160 nm.The S:As ratio and particle size of the synthetized particles closely correlates with values for As_(x)S_(y)particles detected in the hydrothermal system off Milos.Furthermore,organic sulfur containing additives(cysteine and glutathione,GSH)are a key factor in the process of nucleation and growth of amorphous colloidal As_(x)S_(y)particles and,together with the temperature gradient present in shallow hydrothermal vents,dictate the stabilization of As-bearing nanomaterials in the environment.Based on these findings,we present a simple model that summarizes our new insights into the formation and mobility of colloidal As in aquatic ecosystems.In this context,amorphous As_(x)S_(y)particles can present harmful effects to micro-and macro-biota not foreseen in bulk As material.展开更多
基金supported by Conicyt through a fellowship to VDT(Programa de Capital Humano Avanzado,BECASChile,CONICYT,72160570 Res.Convenio 7359/2015)by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,Germany)through the Emmy Noether Program(grant BU 2606/1-1 to SIB)。
文摘Arsenic and sulfur mineralization is a natural phenomenon occurring in hydrothermal systems where parameters like temperature and organic matter(OM)can influence the mobilization of the toxic metalloid in marine environments.In the present study we analyze the influence of temperature and OM(particularly sulfur-containing additives)on As and S precipitation based on the recent discovery of As-rich nanoparticles in the hydrothermal system near the coast of the Greek island Milos.To this end,we experimentally recreate the formation of amorphous colloidal particles rich in As and S via acidification(pH 3–4)of aqueous precursors at various temperatures.At higher temperatures,we observe the formation of monodisperse particles within the first 24 h of the experiment,generating colloidal particles with diameters close to 160 nm.The S:As ratio and particle size of the synthetized particles closely correlates with values for As_(x)S_(y)particles detected in the hydrothermal system off Milos.Furthermore,organic sulfur containing additives(cysteine and glutathione,GSH)are a key factor in the process of nucleation and growth of amorphous colloidal As_(x)S_(y)particles and,together with the temperature gradient present in shallow hydrothermal vents,dictate the stabilization of As-bearing nanomaterials in the environment.Based on these findings,we present a simple model that summarizes our new insights into the formation and mobility of colloidal As in aquatic ecosystems.In this context,amorphous As_(x)S_(y)particles can present harmful effects to micro-and macro-biota not foreseen in bulk As material.
