Background: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 340 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The aim of our study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and d...Background: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 340 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The aim of our study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and depression among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 type 2 diabetes patients attending primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip, Palestine. The depression, anxiety, stress scales (DASS, 21-items) questionnaire was used to measure the score of depression. The participants’ demographic, socioeconomic and medical history data was collected and the 98-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used for evaluating the dietary patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Based on depression scale, 29.0% of type 2 diabetes patients had depression, (58.3% females, and 41.7% males). The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe depression was 11.7%, 8.5%, 6.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. Furthermore, two major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: The Western, and the grains-vegetables, and fruits patterns. After adjusting for the potential confounders, patients in the lowest tertile (T1) of the grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern had a lower odds for depression (OR 0.763 95% CI (0.667 - 0.871), P value = 0.001);where as a higher odds for healthy (OR 1.443 95% CI (1.131 - 1.839), P value = 0.004), compared to those in the highest tertile (T3). Conclusion: The grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of depression, and has been shown to be the healthiest dietary pattern among type 2 diabetes patients.展开更多
Introduction: Motion sensors are mechanical and electronic devices, which detect the body movement and provide an estimate of physical activity in children and adults. However, they need to be validated against criter...Introduction: Motion sensors are mechanical and electronic devices, which detect the body movement and provide an estimate of physical activity in children and adults. However, they need to be validated against criterion methods such as direct observation. The purpose of this study was to validate a wrist worn accelerometer to quantify the physical activity of children, by comparison to direct observation using the Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS). Materials and Methods: Data were recorded from 42 children, aged 3 - 5 years (22 boys and 20 girls), of whom each was observed each minute for 2 hours using Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS) while they wore the Actiwatch. Results: The CARS score and activity counts from the accelerometer were averaged over 1- to 10-minute periods across all individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean CARS scores and the mean Actiwatch counts over simultaneous 1- to 10-minute periods ranging from r = 0.41 to r = 0.63 (P < 0.001). To assess validity of the data, a cross validation method was applied. There was no significant difference between the predicted and the observed CARS scores in the validation sample. Given the data from the Actiwatch (averaged over a 5-minute epoch), the equivalent CARS score could be calculated with a 95% confidence level of plus or minus 0.74 CARS units. Conclusion: These data suggest that the Actiwatch (a wrist worn accelerometer) is a valid tool for assessing levels of physical activity in young children.展开更多
文摘Background: Depression is a common mental disorder. Globally, more than 340 million people of all ages suffer from depression. The aim of our study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and depression among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 480 type 2 diabetes patients attending primary healthcare centers in Gaza Strip, Palestine. The depression, anxiety, stress scales (DASS, 21-items) questionnaire was used to measure the score of depression. The participants’ demographic, socioeconomic and medical history data was collected and the 98-items semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used for evaluating the dietary patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Based on depression scale, 29.0% of type 2 diabetes patients had depression, (58.3% females, and 41.7% males). The prevalence of mild, moderate, severe, and very severe depression was 11.7%, 8.5%, 6.7%, and 2.1%, respectively. Furthermore, two major dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: The Western, and the grains-vegetables, and fruits patterns. After adjusting for the potential confounders, patients in the lowest tertile (T1) of the grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern had a lower odds for depression (OR 0.763 95% CI (0.667 - 0.871), P value = 0.001);where as a higher odds for healthy (OR 1.443 95% CI (1.131 - 1.839), P value = 0.004), compared to those in the highest tertile (T3). Conclusion: The grains-vegetables, and fruits dietary pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of depression, and has been shown to be the healthiest dietary pattern among type 2 diabetes patients.
文摘Introduction: Motion sensors are mechanical and electronic devices, which detect the body movement and provide an estimate of physical activity in children and adults. However, they need to be validated against criterion methods such as direct observation. The purpose of this study was to validate a wrist worn accelerometer to quantify the physical activity of children, by comparison to direct observation using the Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS). Materials and Methods: Data were recorded from 42 children, aged 3 - 5 years (22 boys and 20 girls), of whom each was observed each minute for 2 hours using Children’s Activity Rating Scale (CARS) while they wore the Actiwatch. Results: The CARS score and activity counts from the accelerometer were averaged over 1- to 10-minute periods across all individuals. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean CARS scores and the mean Actiwatch counts over simultaneous 1- to 10-minute periods ranging from r = 0.41 to r = 0.63 (P < 0.001). To assess validity of the data, a cross validation method was applied. There was no significant difference between the predicted and the observed CARS scores in the validation sample. Given the data from the Actiwatch (averaged over a 5-minute epoch), the equivalent CARS score could be calculated with a 95% confidence level of plus or minus 0.74 CARS units. Conclusion: These data suggest that the Actiwatch (a wrist worn accelerometer) is a valid tool for assessing levels of physical activity in young children.
