BACKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance....BACKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFLD.This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD.DATA SOURCE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub Med.RESULTS： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include： （i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONCLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.展开更多
Currently,more and more patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury due to trauma,tumor and other causes worldwide.Biomaterial-based nerve conduits are increasingly recognized as a potential alternative to nerve auto...Currently,more and more patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury due to trauma,tumor and other causes worldwide.Biomaterial-based nerve conduits are increasingly recognized as a potential alternative to nerve autografts for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.However,an ideal nerve conduit must offer topological guidance and biochemical and electrical signal transduction mechanisms.In this work,aligned conductive nanofibrous scaffolds comprising polylactic-co-glycolic acid and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning,and nerve growth factor(NGF)and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)purified from the wolfberry were loaded on the core and shell layers of the nanofibers,respectively.LBP were confirmed to accelerate long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury.In addition,the synergistic promotion of LBP and NGF on nerve cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth was demonstrated.MWCNTs were introduced into the aligned fibers to further increase the electrical conductivity,which promoted the directional growth and neurite extension of neurons in vitro.Further,the combination of conductive fibrous scaffolds with electrical stimulation that mimics endogenous electric fields significantly promoted the differentiation of PC12 cells and the axon outgrowth of neurons.Based on robust cell-induced behaviors,conductive composite fibers with optimized fiber alignment may be used for the promotion of nerve recovery.展开更多
Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical ...Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited.On the one hand,optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need.On the other hand,poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.Main Text:Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms.In this review,we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases.We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.Conclusions:Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells,inhibiting microglial activation,enhancing retinal blood flow,and modulating brain plasticity.Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND：Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD）refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFLD.This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD.DATA SOURCE：We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub Med.RESULTS： The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include： （i） reducing in- trahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-lc and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y expression levels; （ii） decreas- ing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; （iii） ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory media- tors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; （iv） attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and （v） inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONCLUSION： Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82102544]Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[grant number 2020A1515110135]+3 种基金Jiao Tong University Star Program Medical and Industrial Cross Research Fund[YG2021QN97]Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China[grant number 20DZ2254900,20S31900900]Sino German Science Foundation Research Exchange Center,China[M-0263]This project was also supported by Researchers Supporting Project,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia[RSP2023R65].
文摘Currently,more and more patients suffer from peripheral nerve injury due to trauma,tumor and other causes worldwide.Biomaterial-based nerve conduits are increasingly recognized as a potential alternative to nerve autografts for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.However,an ideal nerve conduit must offer topological guidance and biochemical and electrical signal transduction mechanisms.In this work,aligned conductive nanofibrous scaffolds comprising polylactic-co-glycolic acid and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning,and nerve growth factor(NGF)and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides(LBP)purified from the wolfberry were loaded on the core and shell layers of the nanofibers,respectively.LBP were confirmed to accelerate long-distance axon regeneration after severe peripheral nerve injury.In addition,the synergistic promotion of LBP and NGF on nerve cell proliferation and neurite outgrowth was demonstrated.MWCNTs were introduced into the aligned fibers to further increase the electrical conductivity,which promoted the directional growth and neurite extension of neurons in vitro.Further,the combination of conductive fibrous scaffolds with electrical stimulation that mimics endogenous electric fields significantly promoted the differentiation of PC12 cells and the axon outgrowth of neurons.Based on robust cell-induced behaviors,conductive composite fibers with optimized fiber alignment may be used for the promotion of nerve recovery.
文摘Background:In the last two decades,electrical stimulation(ES)has been tested in patients with various eye diseases and shows great treatment potential in retinitis pigmentosa and optic neuropathy.However,the clinical application of ES in ophthalmology is currently limited.On the one hand,optimization and standardization of ES protocols is still an unmet need.On the other hand,poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms has hindered clinical exploitation.Main Text:Numerous experimental studies have been conducted to identify the treatment potential of ES in eye diseases and to explore the related cellular and molecular mechanisms.In this review,we summarized the in vitro and in vivo evidence related to cellular and tissue response to ES in eye diseases.We highlighted several pathways that may be utilized by ES to impose its effects on the diseased retina.Conclusions:Therapeutic effect of ES in retinal degenerative diseases might through preventing neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,increasing neurotrophic factors production in Müller cells,inhibiting microglial activation,enhancing retinal blood flow,and modulating brain plasticity.Future studies are suggested to analyse changes in specific retinal cells for optimizing the treatment parameters and choosing the best fit ES delivery method in target diseases.
