基于并行协同粒子群优化算法和PC集群的无功优化

针对大规模电力系统无功优化高维度、非线性、不连续的问题,提出一种并行协同粒子群优化算法。该算法基于消息传递接口技术,采用二级并行的方案求解无功优化问题。第1级并行是通过控制变量分组,将原优化问题分解成几个相互关联的子优化问题,每一个子优化问题对应一个子粒子群,各子粒子群相互协同,共同求取最优解。第2级并行是指用粒子群优化算法求解子优化问题时使用多个进程并行求解,进程间采用对等模式分配计算任务,提高了优化效率。此外,为了增强粒子群优化算法的全局寻优能力,在优化过程中对其参数进行了动态调整。通过在PC集群上对IEEE118节点系统和IEEE300节点系统进行仿真计算,验证了该算法能取得较好的优化结果,具有较高的加速比和可扩展性,能满足大规模电力系统无功优化的需要。

Effects of cyclic loading on temperature evolution of ULTIMET superalloy: experiment and theoretical modeling

High speed, high resolution infrared thermography, as a non contact, full field, and nondestructive technique, was used to study the temperature variations of a cobalt based ULTIMET alloy subjected to cyclic fatigue. During each fatigue cycle, the temperature oscillations, which were due to the thermal elastic plastic effects, were observed and related to stress-strain analyses. The change of temperature during fatigue was utilized to reveal the accumulation of fatigue damage. A constitutive model was developed for predicting the thermal and mechanical responses of ULTIMET alloy subjected to cyclic deformation. The model was constructed in light of internal state variables, which were developed to characterize the inelastic strain of the material during cyclic loading. The predicted stress-strain and temperature responses were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.

Synthesis of morphology-controlled silver nanostructures by electrodeposition

Nanostructured silver was obtained by potentiostatic electrolysis.The effects of ionized surfactant(sodium dodecanesulphonate)and the substrate(Cu and Ti)on the morphology of depositions were investigated.It is found that morphologies of silver nanostructures can be simply controlled via change of the substrate.Spherical Ag nanoparticles with narrow size distribution were obtained by electrodeposition in Ag NO3-SDS aqueous solution on copper substrate.In the case of titanium substrate,silver dendrite structures were obtained.Despite of different morphologies,XRD and TEM results showed that the as-prepared samples belong to face-centered cubic silver structure with good crystallinity.The formation mechanism of different silver nanostructures was discussed.

Simultaneous high-resolution x-ray backlighting and self-emission imaging for laser-produced plasma diagnostics using a two-energy multilayer Kirkpatrick–Baez microscope

A simultaneous high-resolution x-ray backlighting and self-emission imaging method for laser-produced plasma diagnostics is developed in which two Kirkpatrick–Baez imaging channels for high-energy and low-energy diagnostics are constructed using a combination of multilayer mirrors in near-coaxial form.By using a streak or framing camera placed on the image plane,both backlit and self-emission images of a laserproduced plasma with high spatial and temporal resolution can be obtained simultaneously in a single shot.This paper describes the details of the method with regard to its optical and multilayer design,assembly,and alignment method.In addition,x-ray imaging results with a spatial resolution better than 5μm in the laboratory and experimental results with imploding capsules in the SG-III prototype laser facility are presented.

High throughput synthesis enabled exploration of CoCrFeNi-based high entropy alloys

To accelerate the exploration,screening,and discovery of structural high-entropy alloys with targeted properties,the newly developed High-Throughput Hot-Isostatic-Pressing based Micro-Synthesis Approach(HT-HIP-MSA)is employed to efficiently synthesize and characterize 85 combinatorial alloys in a 13-principal element alloying space.These Co Cr Fe Ni-based high entropy alloys span 1 quaternary,9 quinary,and 36 senary alloy systems,and their composition-structure-property relationships are characterized and analyzed experimentally and computationally.From the single-phase FCC CoCrFeNi alloy base,with Mn,Cu,Ti,Nb,Ta,Mo,W,Al,and Si as principal element alloying additions,we find(1)the extended Mn solubility in the single-phase FCC CoCrFeNi-Mn_(x) alloys,(2)the destabilizing behavior for most of the quinary and senary alloys,and(3)the distinctive solid-solution-strengthening effects in the alloys.In combining the computational methods,the HT-HIP-MSA can be systematic and economic to explore and refine the compositions,structures,and properties of structural high-entropy alloys.

Corrosion protection of NiNb metallic glass coatings for 316SS by magnetron sputtering

Metallic glasses(MGs)appear as promising anti-corrosion coating materials due to their microstructural and physicochemical advantages.Herein,we proposed magnetron sputtered NiNb thin film MG coatings(MGCs)with different structures and compositions for corrosion protection of 316 stainless steel in an aggressive saline environment.The properties of monolayered Ni_(50)Nb_(50) and Ni_(60)Nb_(40),as well as the multilayered Ni_(50)Nb_(50)/Ni_(60)Nb_(40)(at.%)MGCs,were characterized in terms of morphology and microstructural properties,as well as the anticorrosion behavior.All the NiNb MGCs presented compact structure and the monolayered coatings exhibited preferable adhesion properties in comparison with the multilayered coating.The electrochemical tests and XPS results imply that the monolayered Ni_(50)Nb_(50) MGC with high Nb content resisted corrosion mainly due to the formation of stable passive film that contained abundant Nb_(2)O_(5) species,whereas the Ni_(60)Nb_(40) MGC with high Ni content showed week corrosion protection performance during long-term service due to the dissolution of Ni cations and the devastation of the coating structure.Though with bit worse adhesion and more vulnerable Ni_(60)Nb_(40) layers,the multilayered Ni_(50)Nb_(50)/Ni_(60)Nb_(40) MGC possessed comparable corrosion resistance with the monolayered Ni_(50)Nb_(50) MG coating,which remained stable even after 32 days of exposure.Such performance should be ascribed to the combined eff;ect of the repassivation property for the sub-layers,the hindrance of propagation paths of micro-defects,and the obstruction of corrosive species by interfaces in the multilayered coating.