建模技术在涡轮增压汽油机中的应用

一维发动机建模精度和计算速度的提高使发动机在开发过程中可以更大程度地依赖这种仿真技术。建模的效益体现在诸多方面:增加模拟迭代次数,以实现更好的优化;减少硬件原型迭代数,以缩短项目开发的时间和降低总成本。在最初设计阶段和整个项目中,都采用涡轮增压发动机系统的一维GT-Power模型进行辅助设计。该模型是采用Chrysler集团预测燃烧和爆燃的专利建模软件开发的。在这个项目的所有阶段,通过对预测结果与测功器数据进行系统地研究,提高了模型的精度。研究重点是通过一维GT-Power模型优化与测功器试验相结合,选择发动机压缩比和涡轮增压器,并减小各循环间变动和缸内变动。在出现上述变动时,发现从进气门和排气门倒流的残余废气、冷却的再循环废气、空气与燃油的混合气(仅针对进气道燃油喷射发动机)在本循环及下一个循环被重新分配到每个气缸。因此,进气门和排气门的倒流是导致在每个气缸中产生变动的主要因素之一。据此,通过一维GT-Power模型优化,并结合气门设计工程师的输入参数,设计了1组新的气门升程曲线。结果表明,使用该方法后,在燃油耗、废气再循环耐受性和发动机稳定性及发动机性能改善方面均产生了效益。

Study of the production of Λ_b^0 band ~0 hadrons in pp collisions and first measurement of the Λ_b^0→J/ψpK^- branching fraction

The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, PT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT〈20 GeV/c and 2.0 〈g〈4.5.The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7 TeV in 2011 and √s=8 TeV in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio,f∧0/b/fd,the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-is measured to be B（∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-）=（3.17±0.04±0.07±0.34＋0.45/-0.28）×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the decay -B/0 →J/ψ-K＊（892）0,and the fourth is due to the knowledge of f∧0/b/fd.The sum of the asymmetries in the production and decay between ∧0/b and ∧0/bis also measured as a function of PT and y.The previously published branching fraction of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pπ-,relative to that of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-,is updated. The branching fractions of ∧0/b→P＋c（→ J/ψp）K-are determined.