The last decade has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity associated with natural rocks,often collected in environments influenced by harsh climatic conditions.Yet the phylogenetic affiliations and the taxonomy of m...The last decade has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity associated with natural rocks,often collected in environments influenced by harsh climatic conditions.Yet the phylogenetic affiliations and the taxonomy of many of these extreme fungi,mainly within Dothideomycetes,the largest class of Ascomycota,have only partially been described.In the present study we confirm that most rock inhabiting-fungi(RIF)are highly polyphyletic among Dothideomycetidae,mainly within the order Capnodiales,an order otherwise incorporating several families of major plant pathological importance.Novel taxa were identified within the two major and distinct clades of Teratosphaeriaceae,both comprising meristematic black fungi.Thirty one novel species and 13 new genera are proposed,based on ITS and partial nucLSU,RPB2 and BT2 sequences.展开更多
A wide sampling for isolating highly destructive and extremotolerant black fungi was performed from Italian monuments in selected historical sites which include the "Cortile della Pigna",Vatican Museum and t...A wide sampling for isolating highly destructive and extremotolerant black fungi was performed from Italian monuments in selected historical sites which include the "Cortile della Pigna",Vatican Museum and the St Peter colonnade(Vatican City State),the monumental cemetery of Bonaria(Cagliari),and other monuments in the city of Cagliari.Thirty out of seventy-four strains isolated were identified basing on ITS Blastn comparison.Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological data,one new genus and species Lithophila guttulata,five new species Knufia marmoricola,K.vaticanii,K.karalitana,K.mediterranea and Exophiala bonariae,order Chaetothyriales and one new genus and species,Saxophila tyrrhenica,and two new species Vermiconia calcicola and Devriesia sardiniae,order Capnodiales,were proposed.Ecological considerations are put forward.展开更多
As part of a worldwide sampling nine black fungi were isolated from rocks collected in four distinct sites of the Alps at high altitudes.Based on a nucSSU,nucLSU and mtSSU multi-locus phylogeny,seven of them were foun...As part of a worldwide sampling nine black fungi were isolated from rocks collected in four distinct sites of the Alps at high altitudes.Based on a nucSSU,nucLSU and mtSSU multi-locus phylogeny,seven of them were found to cluster into a distinct and wellsupported clade in a basal position within the Class Dothideomycetes.As in other rock fungi these new groups of isolates were characterized by a meristematic growth and a scarcely differentiated morphology with highly melanized and thick-walled toruloid hyphae.Nonetheless,few peculiar characters were also observed as convoluted hyphal tips and the production of spherical propagules.The new genus and species Saxomyces alpinus and S.penninicus,are here described based on morphological and molecular data,in a yet to be defined order of the Dothideomycetes.The remaining two black fungi clustered in Cryomyces,a genus previously exclusively found in rocks from the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica.These two isolates were genetically distant from other Antarctic Cryomyces species based on ITS sequences,and they showed a peculiar morphology;they are here described as the new species C.montanus and C.funiculosus.Implications of our results on the evolution,adaptation and dispersal of rock-inhabiting fungi under extreme conditions are discussed.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank PNRA(Italian National Program for Antarctic Research)for supporting sample collecting in the Antarctic,and the Italian National Antarctic Museum“Felice Ippolito”for supporting CCFEE(Culture Collection of Fungi From Extreme Environments)MIUR-PRIN 2008 is gratefully acknowledged for financial support concerning RIF studies in Italian Alps and ApenninesLaboratory work at the CBS was financed by the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Science(KNAW)and the Fonds voor Economische Stuctuurversterking(FES)with the grant‘Barcoding the CBS collections’.
文摘The last decade has revealed an unexpected fungal diversity associated with natural rocks,often collected in environments influenced by harsh climatic conditions.Yet the phylogenetic affiliations and the taxonomy of many of these extreme fungi,mainly within Dothideomycetes,the largest class of Ascomycota,have only partially been described.In the present study we confirm that most rock inhabiting-fungi(RIF)are highly polyphyletic among Dothideomycetidae,mainly within the order Capnodiales,an order otherwise incorporating several families of major plant pathological importance.Novel taxa were identified within the two major and distinct clades of Teratosphaeriaceae,both comprising meristematic black fungi.Thirty one novel species and 13 new genera are proposed,based on ITS and partial nucLSU,RPB2 and BT2 sequences.
文摘A wide sampling for isolating highly destructive and extremotolerant black fungi was performed from Italian monuments in selected historical sites which include the "Cortile della Pigna",Vatican Museum and the St Peter colonnade(Vatican City State),the monumental cemetery of Bonaria(Cagliari),and other monuments in the city of Cagliari.Thirty out of seventy-four strains isolated were identified basing on ITS Blastn comparison.Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological data,one new genus and species Lithophila guttulata,five new species Knufia marmoricola,K.vaticanii,K.karalitana,K.mediterranea and Exophiala bonariae,order Chaetothyriales and one new genus and species,Saxophila tyrrhenica,and two new species Vermiconia calcicola and Devriesia sardiniae,order Capnodiales,were proposed.Ecological considerations are put forward.
基金MIUR-PRIN 2008(prot.2008AR8MX9)is gratefully acknowledged for financial support.
文摘As part of a worldwide sampling nine black fungi were isolated from rocks collected in four distinct sites of the Alps at high altitudes.Based on a nucSSU,nucLSU and mtSSU multi-locus phylogeny,seven of them were found to cluster into a distinct and wellsupported clade in a basal position within the Class Dothideomycetes.As in other rock fungi these new groups of isolates were characterized by a meristematic growth and a scarcely differentiated morphology with highly melanized and thick-walled toruloid hyphae.Nonetheless,few peculiar characters were also observed as convoluted hyphal tips and the production of spherical propagules.The new genus and species Saxomyces alpinus and S.penninicus,are here described based on morphological and molecular data,in a yet to be defined order of the Dothideomycetes.The remaining two black fungi clustered in Cryomyces,a genus previously exclusively found in rocks from the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica.These two isolates were genetically distant from other Antarctic Cryomyces species based on ITS sequences,and they showed a peculiar morphology;they are here described as the new species C.montanus and C.funiculosus.Implications of our results on the evolution,adaptation and dispersal of rock-inhabiting fungi under extreme conditions are discussed.
