刀片式多排密集圆孔气体冲击射流冷却的实验研究

刀片式多排圆孔气体射流可用于受限表面的密集冷却。考察了喷射高度和雷诺数对密集圆孔气体射流冲击光滑平板换热效果的影响。应用热薄膜法测量壁面温度并利用等热流加热获得平均对流换热系数,在射流雷诺数(ReD)的取值范围为5000≤ReD≤48500、量纲为一喷射高度(H/D)分别为6.25、7.50、12.5时,平均努谢尔数随ReD增加而递增,并与H/D的0.606次幂成反比。建立了平均努谢尔数关于ReD、普朗特数(Pr)和H/D的准则关系式,以及密集气体冲击射流冷却的换热准数方程。实验结果与Martin公式的模拟结果比较表明:刀片式圆孔喷嘴密集布置喷孔后,开孔率提高,换热系数大幅提高,约为采用Martin公式得到的换热系数计算值的1.4倍。实验数据与Gardon公式的计算结果非常吻合,与Martin公式的计算结果差别显著,但引入修正函数后与后者能很好地拟合。

Numerical Study of Unsteady Flows with Cavitation in a High-Speed MicroCentrifugal Pump

The unsteady flows caused by the interaction between the impeller and the volute in a high-speed micro centrifugal pump are numerically studied. The internal flows of both with and without cavitations are analyzed using the CFX. The characteristics of unsteady pressure on the blade surfaces and the symmetric plane of the volute are presented and compared. The results show that the amplitudes of pressure fluctuations of critical cavitation on the blade pressure surface(PS) are bigger as compared with those at the non-cavitation condition, but on the suction surface(SS), the situation is on the contrary. When cavitation occurs, reduction of load in the impeller is a result. In the present study, such reduction of load is observed mainly on the first half of the blades. Pressure fluctuations at five monitoring points, denoted by WK1 to WK5 in the volute, are also analyzed. No matter at the critical cavitation or at the non-cavitation conditions, the monitored pressure fluctuations are at the same frequencies, which equal to the blade passing frequency(BPF) and its multiples. However, the amplitudes of the fluctuations at critical cavitation condition are considerably stronger, as compared with those for without cavitation.

Numerical Study of Controlling Jet Flow and Noise using Pores on Nozzle Inner Wall

In this paper, the feasibility of controlling the subsonic jet flow and its noise using pores of blind holes added on the nozzle inner wall is explored numerically. These pores are intended to introduce disturbances to the shear layer so as to change the flow mixing. This passive strategy has not been attempted so far.A convergent nozzle with a cylindrical extension is selected as the baseline case. Three nozzles with pores on the inner wall are set up. Validations of the numerical settings are carried out, then the compressible turbulent jets at the exit Mach number M_j=0.6 in the four nozzles are calculated by large eddy simulations(LES), while the radiated sounds are predicted by the FW-H acoustic analogy. The results show that the blind holes have produced some effects on weakening the turbulence intensity in the shear layer. Comparison reveals that both temporal and spatial correlations of the turbulent fluctuations in the modified cases are suppressed to some extent. Meanwhile,the porous nozzles are shown to suppress the pairing of vortices and enhance the flow mixing, and therefore, the development of shear layer and the fragmentation of large scale vortices are accelerated.

Numerical Investigation on the Self-Induced Unsteadiness in Tip Leakage Flow of a Micro-Axial Fan Rotor

The self-induced unsteadiness in tip leakage flow(TLF)of a micro-axial fan rotor is numerically studied by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations.The micro-axial fan,which is widely used in cooling systems of electronic devices,has a tip clearance of 6%of the axial chord length of the blade.At the design rotation speed,four cases near the peak efficiency point(PEP)with self-induced unsteadiness and four steady cases which have much weaker pressure fluctuations are investigated.Using the"interface"separating the incoming main flow and the TLF defined by Duet al.[1],an explanation based on the propagation of the low energy spot and its multi-passing through the high gradient zone of the relative total pressure,is proposed to clarify the originating mechanism of the unsteadiness.At the operating points near the PEP,the main flow is weaker than the TLF and the interface moves upstream.The low energy spot which propagates along in the close behind of the interface has opportunity to circulate in the circumferential direction and passes through the sensitive interfaces several times,a slight perturbation therefore may be magnified significantly and develops into the self-induced unsteadiness.The explanation is demonstrated by numerical results.

Experimental Study of Pseudoplastic Fluid Flows in a Square Duct of Strong Curvature

In this paper, laminar and turbulent flows of pseudoplastic fluids(0.1% and 0.2% by weight aqueous solutions of carboxymethylcellulose) in a square duct of strong curvature were measured using an ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry and microphones. Streamwise velocity in cross-sections of the duct and the fluctuating pressure on walls were measured for different flow rates. The velocity contours and their development along the duct were presented and compared with benchmark experiments by Taylor, Whitelaw and Yianneskis(1982) which were for the laminar and turbulent flows of water. The spectra of fluctuating wall pressures were also presented and analyzed. The objective of this paper was to provide a basis for understanding the pseudoplastic fluid flows in curved ducts. The results were also intended for use in the further development of numerical methods and turbulence models for shear-thinning fluids.