南秦岭早古生代碱性岩地球化学特征及其成因机制:研究进展与展望

南秦岭地区在早古生代经历了大规模且持续性的碱性岩浆活动,其丰富的碱性岩石记录为探索深部地幔物质组成、壳内岩浆演化过程以及地球动力学演化机制提供了珍贵的地质载体。文章基于团队近期对于区域上典型碱性岩的地球化学分析结果和成因机制探讨,旨在对南秦岭早古生代碱性岩浆的源区和演化过程进行全面地约束。南秦岭早古生代碱性岩石类型主要包括一套成分从碱性玄武质向粗面质变化,呈双峰式分布的碱性火山-侵入岩组合,以及少量与碱性硅酸岩(角闪辉石岩、正长岩)-碳酸岩共生杂岩体。岩相学、年代学和地球化学证据显示这些碱性岩具有相同的地幔源区,其中演化程度较低的镁铁质端元记录了南秦岭早古生代交代岩石圈地幔的部分熔融事件,交代介质主要为硅酸盐熔体。演化程度较高的碱性岩端元(粗面-正长岩、碳酸岩)来源于初始镁铁质组分的岩浆分异过程,其中粗面-正长岩类主要受到以长石和单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用控制。中生代热液交代过程主要记录在北大巴山东部和武当地块西南缘的早古生代碱性岩体中,热液交代作用促进了碳酸岩杂岩体中稀土元素的富集成矿。副矿物年代学和独居石Nd同位素特征反映了热液可能形成于岩体本身的再活化事件,晚三叠世秦岭地区的造山运动可能对此过程具有促进作用。

以科学问题为导向,构建“地球物质科学”课程群

地球系统科学思维已经成为培养新时代地学人才的必然要求。本文以西北大学“双一流”学科地质学为例,基于“双一流”和“拔尖学生培养计划”对一流学科建设和人才培养目标提出新要求,以地球系统科学思维为引领,提出以科学问题为导向,构建“地球物质科学”课程群。以探索科学问题为目标,全面统筹地球物质科学相关的课程,立足学科前沿,聚焦知识关联,编写新的课程设置、教学大纲,优化教学团队人员构成,培养出知识理论扎实、综合实践能力强的拔尖人才,为“双一流”建设和“拔尖学生培养计划”探索出新的课程教学体系。

Paleozoic Tectonic Switch in the North Qinling Orogenic Belt:Constraints from the Paleozoic Granites from the Northern Qinling Migmatite Terrane

The variations in source rocks and melting conditions of granites can provide essential clues for the crustal magmatic response in orogenic process.Based on geochronology,whole-rock and mineral chemistry,this paper reveals two different granites in the Northern Qinling migmatite complex,which reveal obvious differences in source region and melting condition.The older granodiorite(402±0.8 Ma)displays typical Na-rich adakite affinity,i.e.,high Na_(2)O/K_(2)O(2.04 to 2.64)and Sr/Y(96 to 117)ratios,they have relative evolved isotopic compositions(ε_(Nd)(t)=-0.52 to-0.04;zirconε_(Hf)(t)=-0.06 to+7.78).The younger leucogranite(371±2 Ma)displays higher SiO_(2)(72.32 to 73.45 wt%),lower(TFeO+MgO+CaO+TiO_(2))contents(<2 wt%)and depleted Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions(i.e.,ε_(Nd)(t)=+2.6 to+3.0;zirconε_(Hf)(t)=+5.94 to+14.12),as well as high 10000×Ga/Al and TFe O/Mg O ratios,indicating that they represent highly fractionated I-type granites that derived from melting of juvenile crust.The variations in source rocks and melting condition of the two granites indicating a tectonic switch from compression to extension in 400 to 370 Ma,this switch is later than that in the eastern section of the North Qinling,indicating a scissor collision process between the South Qinling and North China Craton(NCC)in Devonian era.

中国大陆“十字构造带”关键科学问题研究进展

控制中国大陆形成演化的最主要构造格架是“十字构造带”,即东西向的中央造山系和南北向的贺兰—川滇构造带。中央造山系自东而西包括秦岭造山带、祁连造山带和昆仑造山带,是南方和北方陆块群历经古生代—早中生代拼合形成中国大陆主体的构造结合带,并遭受中新生代陆内造山改造;贺兰—川滇南北构造带不同区段继承了前寒武纪板块构造记录,逐步转化为古亚洲洋或古特提斯构造域大陆边缘,尤其是新特提斯构造运动,形成青藏高原隆升扩展变形的东部边界,控制了晚中生代—新生代中国大陆东西反转演化。该文介绍了近年来对“十字构造带”的主要研究进展:①建立了“十字构造带”中央造山系东段秦岭造山带的精细演化过程;②确定了“十字构造带”中央造山系西段昆仑—祁连—阿尔金的构造关系;③厘定了“十字构造带”南北构造带北段贺兰山形成演化过程及其构造属性;④重建了扬子板块西缘汉南—龙门山—川滇构造带新元古代板块俯冲消减过程以及古生代—中生代深部动力学;⑤揭示了“十字构造带”交接区的深部结构-动力学-浅表构造地貌的联动机制。

峨眉山大火成岩省内带中酸性岩浆岩对地幔柱岩浆过程及地壳熔融机制的启示

峨眉山大火成岩省内带攀西地区分布大量晚二叠世中酸性岩浆岩,其成因机制对深化理解地幔柱岩浆作用过程、壳幔物质结构及特殊的金属元素成矿作用具有重要意义。这些中酸性岩浆岩包括中性碱性岩和花岗岩,形成时代集中于251~259 Ma左右,稍晚于峨眉山溢流玄武岩的形成时代(~260 Ma)。目前,对于这套中酸性岩浆岩的成因还存在争议,主要有玄武质岩浆的结晶分异和地壳物质的高温部分熔融两种观点。文中对峨眉山大火成岩省内带这套中酸性岩浆岩的岩石组成、空间展布、形成时代及成因机制等方面的研究进展进行了详细评述,提出对这套中酸性岩浆岩高精度年代学的研究可以进一步约束峨眉山地幔柱岩浆作用的时限。而从矿物化学的角度,深入研究这套中酸性岩浆岩的成因,不仅是对地幔柱岩浆过程的重要补充,同时对深入研究地幔柱背景下岩石圈地幔和地壳物质的分异及增生机制有重要意义。

以学习者为主体的课堂教学

大学课堂教学应该以学习者为主体,只有在充分尊重学习者主体地位的前提下,通过教师对课堂教学的精心组织与策划,课堂教学才能够真正实现知识、能力、情感三大教学目标。本文结合作者自身35年从事高校专业课程教学的经历,从教育理念、教师角色、学习者角色以及课堂教学内容凝练和教学策略选择等方面阐述了以学习者为主体的课堂教学模式,探讨了当前我国高校课堂教学过程中存在的问题及其改革方向。

南秦岭早古生代玄武岩的岩浆源区及演化过程

南秦岭地区早古生代玄武岩中发育的大量单斜辉石斑晶为研究火山岩的深部演化过程及源区属性提供了重要的载体。本文通过对早古生代玄武岩及其中的单斜辉石斑晶进行矿物学、岩石学及地球化学分析,讨论火山岩的演化历程及源区属性。电子探针分析结果表明玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶属于透辉石,其成分与全岩成分并不平衡,暗示岩石经历了单斜辉石的堆晶作用。通过质量平衡计算得到了与单斜辉石斑晶平衡的熔体并计算了单斜辉石结晶的温压条件,结果显示单斜辉石斑晶结晶压力为7.6~14.0kbar,温度为1201~1268℃。高压下的分离结晶作用导致了单斜辉石成为主要的结晶相。重建后的玄武岩具有高镁、高钙、富钛,富集高场强元素Nb、Ta,亏损Rb、K、Sr和P,Dy/Yb比值高的地球化学特征,指示其源区为含单斜辉石、磷灰石及石榴石的交代岩石圈地幔。同地区发现的玄武质角砾也具高镁及高钙的特征,其富集Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti及低Dy/Yb比值表明源区为含单斜辉石、角闪石及尖晶石的交代岩石圈地幔。

扬子板块西缘新元古代典型中酸性岩浆事件及其深部动力学机制:研究进展与展望

华南板块发育有巨量新元古代岩浆岩,因而是研究罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆演化期间华南板块地幔属性、地壳演化和壳幔相互作用最理想的场所。虽然在扬子西缘新元古代镁铁质和酸性岩浆作用方面已有大量的研究,但是在系统研究中酸性花岗岩类所代表的不同深部动力学意义的方面还较为薄弱。文章基于团队近期对于扬子板块西缘新元古代典型花岗岩类的研究成果,系统揭示不同深度层次的岩浆作用。最新研究支持扬子西缘新元古代受控于俯冲构造背景,除发生俯冲流体和板片熔体交代地幔作用外,最新识别的ca.850~835 Ma高Mg#闪长岩指示俯冲沉积物熔体也参与了地幔交代作用。Ca.840~835 Ma过铝质花岗岩的发现说明扬子西缘新元古代时期不仅存在新生镁铁质下地壳的熔融,也发生了俯冲背景下成熟大陆地壳物质的重熔。Ca.780 MaⅠ型花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组合揭示了俯冲阶段后期板片回撤断离后软流圈地幔瞬时上涌引发的不同地壳层次的岩浆响应。从ca.800 Ma的增厚下地壳来源的埃达克质花岗岩到ca.750 Ma的酸性地壳来源的A型花岗岩的出现,表明扬子西缘新元古代时期经历了俯冲有关的地壳增厚到俯冲后期弧后扩张背景下的区域性地壳减薄。

北大巴山紫阳‒岚皋地区碱性粗面岩地球化学特征:与辉绿岩的成因联系

南秦岭北大巴山地区发育大量早古生代碱性粗面‒正长岩和碱性玄武‒辉绿岩组合,构成了一套双峰式火山岩。前人的研究主要集中在这套岩石的镁铁质端元上,目前关于长英质端元的成因机制及构造环境仍存在争议。本次研究对北大巴山紫阳‒岚皋地区早古生代粗面岩进行了主微量元素分析,结果显示样品高硅(SiO_(2)>58.7%)、富碱(K_(2)O>3.84%,Na_(2)O>4.18%),低镁(MgO=0.06%~1.45%)和钛(TiO_(2)=0.80%~1.08%),表明粗面岩经历了较高程度的演化。样品富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),具有轻微Eu负异常到正异常的变化(δEu=0.76~1.77),Sr强烈亏损,指示了长石的分离结晶作用。地球化学特征和MELTS软件模拟结果显示粗面岩并非地壳物质的部分熔融成因,而是来自地幔岩浆的分离结晶作用。综合区域上年代学、同位素地球化学和构造地质学资料,粗面岩与同区辉绿岩在时空分布、同位素组成方面具有一致性,在元素变化与矿物组合方面具有连续性。因此本文认为北大巴山紫阳‒岚皋地区早古生代粗面岩和辉绿岩都来源于上地幔初始玄武质岩浆的分异,是大陆裂谷背景下同源岩浆经历不同程度演化的结果。软流圈中广泛存在的热对流事件可能是导致板块裂解的重要原因。

综合性大学研究生思政教学体系建设与探究--以西北大学研究生思政教学改革为例

西北大学充分利用学科门类齐全、文理交叉融合、思想文化多元化的显著特点,以基础型、特色型、拓展型三类线上线下融合的教学资源以及专兼结合的高质量师资团队建设为抓手,统筹博士、硕士研究生教学环节,将思政课程和课程思政有机结合,形成了“课堂教学、专题教学、课程思政”三元结构的研究生思政课程教学体系。依托西北红色文化及西北大学118年优秀文化积淀,建立了“1+5”实践教学体系。从而形成了理论与实践相融合,言传与身教相统一,具有西北大学自身特色的研究生“大思政”教学格局,有效增强了研究生思政课程的现实性和亲和力。

Zircon LA-ICP MS U-Pb Age,Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Compositions and Geochemistry of the Triassic Post-collisional Wulong Adakitic Granodiorite in the South Qinling,Central China,and Its Petrogenesis

The Indosinian post-collisional Wulong pluton intruded into the Mesoproterozoic Fuping Group, South Qinling, central China. In the southern part of the pluton, some mafic enclaves have sharp or gradational contact relationships with the host biotite granodiorite. Geochemistry, zircon LA-ICP MS （laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry） U-Pb chronology and Sr- Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of the pluton are reported in this paper. The biotite granodiorite shows close compositional similarities to high-silica adakite. Its chondrite-normalized REE patterns are characterized by strong HREE depletion （Yb = 0.33--0.96 10-6 and Y = 4.77-11.19 ×10^-6）, enrichment of Ba （775-1386 x 10-6） and Sr （643-1115 × 10^-6） and high Sr/Y （57.83-159.99） and Y/Yb （10.99-14.32） ratios, as well as insignificant Eu anomalies （6Eu = 0.70-0.83）, suggesting a feldspar-poor, garnet±amphibole-rich residual mineral assemblage. The mafic enclaves have higher MgO （4.15- 8.13%）, Cr （14.79-371.31 × 10-6）, Ni （20.00-224.24× 10^-6） and Nb/Ta （15.42-21.91） than the host granodiorite, implying that they are mantle-derived and might represent underplated mafic magma. Zircon LA-ICP MS dating of the granodiorite yields a ^206pb/^238U weighted mean age of 208±2 Ma （MSWD=0.50, 1σ）, which is the age of emplacement of the host biotite granodiorite. This age indicates that the Wulong pluton formed during the late-orogenic or post-collisional stage （〈242±21 Ma） of the South Qinling belt. The host biotite granodiorite displays ^87Sr/^86Sr = 0.7059-0.7062, Isr = 0.7044-- 0.7050,^143Nd/^144Nd = 0.51236-0.51238, εNd（t）= -2.26 to -2.66 to ^206Pb/^204pb = 18.099-18.209, ^207pb/^204pb = 15.873-15.979 and ^208pb/^204pb = 38.973-39.430. Those ratios are similar to those of the Mesoproterozoic Yaolinghe Group in the South Qinling. Furthermore, its Nd isotopic model age （-1.02 Ga） is consistent with the age （-1.1 Ga） of the Yaolinghe Group. Based on the integrated geological and geochemical studies, coupled with previous studies, the authors suggest that the Wulong adakitic biotite granodiorite was probably generated by dehydration melting of the Yaolinghe Group-like thickened mafic crust, triggered by underplating of mafic magma at the boundary of the thickened mafic crust and hot lithospheric mantle, and that the Wulong adakitic biotite granodiorite may have resulted from thinning and delamination of the lower crust or breakoff of the subducting slab of the Mianlue ocean during the Indosinian post-collisional orogenic stage of the Qinling orogenic belt.

Geochemical Features of Ophiolite in Mianxian Lueyang Suture Zone，Qinling Orogenic Belt

The ultrahasic rocks in the Mianxian-Lueyang ophiolite belt are mainly harzburgite and dunite, and exhibit two types of REE distribution pattern: (1) LREE depletion, with remarkable Eu enrichment; (2) slight enrichment of LREE, with Eu deficiency. Both gabbros (accumulative gabbros) and diabasic dike swarms show a LREE enrichment but a slight Eu anomaly. The ratios of w (Ti) /w (V), w (Th) /w (Ta). w (Th) /w (Yb) and w (Ta) /w (Yb) indicate that the mid-ocean ridge basalts in this region originated from depleted mantle of asthenosphere, implying an association of MORB-type ophiolite and an ancient ocean basin between Qinling and Yangtze plates during Middle Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic era. The island arc volcanic rocks can be divided into tholeiitic and cafe-alkaline associations, which originated from the upper mantle wedge above slab by partial melting.

U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of Mafic Dykes from Eastern Shandong Province, Eastern China

U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high （87Sr/86Sr） i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd（t） values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere （mantle and lower crust）.

Early-Cretaceous Syenites and Granites in the Northeastern Tengchong Block, SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Whole-rock major and trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic data, together with zircon LA ICP- MS in-situ U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of the syenites and granites in the Tengchong Block are reported in order to understand their petrogenesis and tectonic implications. Zircon U-Pb data gives the emplacement ages of ca. 115.3±0.9 Ma for syenites and 115.7±0.8 Ma for granites, respectively. The syenites are characterized by low SiO2 content （62.01-63.03 wt%） and notably high Na20 content （7.04- 7.24 wt%） and Na20/K20 ratios （2.02-2.10）, low MgO, Fe2OaT and TiO2, enrichment of LILEs（large-ion lithophile element） such as Rb, Th, U, K, and Pb） and obvious depletion HFSE（high field strength element; e.g. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti） with clearly negative Eu anomalies （dEu=0.53-0.56）. They also display significant negative whole-rock eNd（t） values of-6.8 and zircon eHf（t） values（-9.11 to -0.27, but one is ＋5.30） and high initial S7Sr/86Sr=0.713013. Based on the data obtained in this study, we suggest that the ca. l15.3Ma syenites were possibly derived from a sodium-rich continental crustal source, and the fractionation of some ferro-magnesian mineral and plagioclase might occur during the evolution of magma. The granites have high SiO2 content （71.35-74.47 wt%）, metaluminous to peraluminous, low Rb/Ba, Rb/Sr, and AI2Oa/（MgO＋FeOT＋TiO2） ratios and moderate （AI2Oa＋MgO＋FeOT＋TiO2） content. They show low initial a7Sr/86Sr （0.703408 to 0.704241） and eNd（t） values （-3.8 to -3.5）, plotted into the evolutionary trend between basalts and lower crust. Hence, we suggest that the granites were derived from the melting of mixing sources in the ancient continental crust involving some metabasaltic materials and predominated metasedimentary greywackes. Together with data in the literatures, we infer that the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong block was dominated by magmas generated by the partial melting of ancient crustal material, which represent the products that associated to the closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys.

Late Triassic Biotite Monzogranite from the Western Litang Area,Yidun Terrane,SW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

The Late Triassic igneous rocks in the Yidun terrane can provide vital insights into the evolution of Plaeo-Tethys in western China. We present new zircon U-Pb, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic data for the Litang biotite monzogranites, Yidun terrane. The biotite monzogranites have a zircon U-Pb age of 206.1±1.0 Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=30), which indicates Late Triassic magmatism. The biotite monzogranites display I-type affinity, high Na_2O(3.38-3.60 wt%) contente,medii SiO_2(67.12-69.13 wt%), and low P_2 O_5 contents(0.10～0.12 wt%). They enriched in Rb,and Ba and depleted in Nb and Ta, with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.74—0.81). They have evolved Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic composition, i.e.,(^(87) Sr/^(86 )Sr)i=0.714225 to 0.714763, negative ?_(Nd(t)) values of -2.0 to-2.6 with two-stage Nd model ages ranging from 1.01 to 1.05 Ga, negative ?_(Ht)(t)) values o f-3.4 to-4.1 with two-stage Hf model ages of 1.85 to1.88 Ga, suggesting a matured crustal sources. Their low Al_2O_3/TiO_2 ratios and medium Cao/Na_2O ratios, medium Mg~# and SiO_2 contents, low [molar Al_2O_3/(MgO+FeO^T)] values, and high [molar Cao/(MgO+FeO^T)] values indicate that the Litang biotite monzogranite was formed by partial melting of metabasaltic rocks. Based on the previous studies, we propose that the Litang biotite monzogranite derived from the westward subduction and closure of the Ganzi-Litang ocean during the Late Triassic-The mantle wedge-derived mafic melts provided sufficient heat for partial melting of ancient metabasalt protolith within the middle-lower crust.

高等学校课程建设的理念与路径分析

课程建设是高等教育体系中重要的核心环节之一,契合学科发展前沿、符合人才成长规律的高质量课程教学体系是创新型人才培养的最有力保障。本文基于对课程建设内涵的分析,结合作者39年从事高等教育和课程建设经验,从理念、思路、内容、方法、评价、机制等多个方面针对高质量课程建设关键环节及建设路径进行了深入分析。

Granitic Magmatism in Eastern Tethys Domain(Western China) and their Geodynamic Implications

Western China locates in the eastern section of the Tethys domain, granitic rocks in this region with variable formation ages and geochemistry record key information about the crust-mantle structure and thermal evolution during the convergent process of Tethys. In this study, we focus on some crucial granitic magmatism in the western Yangtze, Qinling orogen, and western Sanjiang tectonic belt, where magma sequence in the convergent orogenic belt can provide important information about the crust-mantle structure, thermal condition and melting regime that related to the evolution processes from Pre-to Neo-Tethys. At first, we show some features of Pre-Tethyan magmatism, such as Neoproterozoic magmatism(ca. 870–740 Ma) in the western margin of the Yangtze Block were induced by the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The complication of voluminous Neoproterozoic igneous rocks indicated that the western Yangtze Block underwent the thermodynamic evolution from hot mantle-cold crust stage(ca. 870–850 Ma) to hot mantle and crust stage(ca. 850–740 Ma). The Neoproterozoic mantle sources beneath the western Yangtze Block were progressively metasomatized by subduction-related compositions from slab fluids(initial at ca. 870 Ma), sediment melts(initial at ca. 850 Ma), to oceanic slab melts(initial at ca. 825–820 Ma) during the persistent subduction process. Secondly, the early Paleozoic magmatism can be well related to three distinctive stages(variable interaction of mantle-crust to crustal melting to variable sources) from an Andeans-type continental margin to collision to extension in response to the evolution of ProtoTethys and final assembly of Gondwana continent. Thirdly, the Paleo-Tethys magmatism, Triassic granites in the Qinling orogenic display identical formation ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions with the related mafic enclaves, indicate a coeval melting event of lower continental crust and mantle lithosphere in the Triassic convergent process and a continued hot mantle and crust thermal condition through the interaction of subducted continental crust and upwelling asthenosphere. Finally, the Meso-and Neo-Tethyan magmatism: Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong Block are well responding to the subduction and closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys, recycled sediments metasomatized mantle by subduction since 130 Ma and subsequently upwelling asthenosphere since ca. 122 Ma that causes melting of heterogeneous continental crust until the final convergence, this process well recorded the changing thermal condition from hot mantlecold crust to hot mantle and crust;The Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic magmatism well recorded the processes from Neo-Tethyan ocean slab flat subduction, steep subduction, to initial collision of India-Asia, it resulted in a series of continental arc magmatism with enriched mantle to crustal materials at Late Cretaceous, increasing depleted and/or juvenile materials at the beginning of early Cenozoic, and increasing evolved crustal materials in the final stage, implying a continued hot mantle and crust condition during that time. Then we can better understand the magmatic processes and variable melting from the mantle to crust during the evolution of Tethys, from Pre-, Paleo-, Meso-, to Neo-, both they show notably intensive interaction of crust-mantle and extensive melting of the heterogeneous continent during the final closure of Tethys and convergence of blocks, and thermal perturbation by a dynamic process in the depth could be the first mechanism to control the thermal condition of mantle and crust and associated composition of magmatism.

Genesis of the Cenozoic Sodic Alkaline Basalt in the Xiahe–Tongren Area of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its Continental Dynamic Implications

Objective The Cenozoic Indo-Asian collision caused significant crustal shortening and plateau uplift in the central Tibet. The extrusion tectonic model has been widely accepted to explain the strike-slip faults around the Tibetan Plateau. Previous studies indicate that the lower crust flow is the main drive force of the extrusion tectonics. Whether mantle extrusion process occurred during the Cenozoic uplift is a major problem to be addressed, which is significant for understanding the uplift mechanism and tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau.

High precision in-situ Pb isotopic analysis of sulfide minerals by femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An in-situ microanalysis of Pb isotopic compositions in sulfide minerals is carried out by using femtosecond laser-ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(fs LA-MC-ICP-MS).High-temperature-activated carbon was used to filter Hg contained in the carrier gas,which reduced the Hg background signal by 48%and also lowered the detection limit of the analysis.Fractionation and mass discrimination effects existing in the ICP-MS analytical processes were corrected using an internal reference Tl in conjunction with an external reference NIST SRM 610.The proposed method was used to analyze the Pb isotopic compositions of chalcopyrite,pyrite,and sphalerite from the Dulong Sn-Zn-In polymetallic ore district.The results showed that in this ore district,the sulfide minerals and different grains of the same sulfide mineral show a large variation in Pb content up to 1000-fold.The studied pyrites show relatively higher Pb contents and homogeneous Pb isotopic compositions,whereas the sphalerites have low Pb contents but most variable Pb isotopic compositions.It is suggested that the large variation of Pb isotopic composition may reflect a late hydrothermal superimposition on the primary sulfide formation.In addition,radiogenic Pb accumulated by radioactive decay of trace amounts of U over time in the host minerals may also be one of the causes for the large variation range of Pb content and Pb isotopic composition of those low-Pb sphalerites.Chalcopyrite and sphalerite grains with Pb content greater than 10 ppm presented a consistent Pb isotopic distribution,whereas all the sulfide grains with Pb content greater than 100 ppm had consistent Pb isotopic composition within 2s measurement uncertainties.The in-situ analysis of Pb isotopic composition agreed well with the results obtained by conventional chemical methods within2s measurement uncertainties,indicating that the data obtained by fs LA-MC-ICP-MS are reliable.Additionally,this study indicates that the Pb isotopic composition could truthfully record the source of ore-forming minerals only for sulfide minerals with high Pb content.On the contrary,the Pb isotopic composition of low-Pb sulfide minerals may be affected by trace amounts of U in the host minerals that may lead to a highly radiogenic Pb isotope ratio.Alternatively,it is also possible that late fluid metasomatic overprinting may alter the Pb isotopic compositions.

Geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic characteristics of the Mugouriwang Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Tibetan Plateau:Constraints on mantle source of the underplated basic magma

The Mugouriwang Cenozoic volcanic rocks exposed in the north Qiangtang Block of Tibetan Plateau are mainly composed of basalt and andesitic-basalt,both characterized by the lower SiO2 (51%―54%),high refractory elements (i.e. Mg,Cr,Ni) as well as the moderate enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to a slight depleted in Eu and high strength field elements (HFSE,i.e. Nb,Ta,Ti). Be-sides,the fairly low Sm/Yb value (3.07―4.35) could signify that the rocks should be derived directly from partial melting of the spinel lherzolite at the upper part of the asthenosphere. These rocks have radiogenic Sr and Pb (87Sr/86Sr = 0.705339 to 0.705667; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.8192 to 38.8937; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.6093 to 15.6245; 206Pb/204Pb = 18.6246 to 18.6383),and non-radiogenic Nd (143Nd/144Nd = 0.512604 to 0.512639; εNd = +0.02 to -0.66) in agreement with those values of the BSE mantle reservoir. The DUPAL anomaly of the rocks can be evidently attested by the △8/4Pb = 66.82 to 74.53 ,△7/4Pb = 9.88 to 11.42,△Sr>50,implying that the Mugouriwang volcanic rock is likely to be generated by partial melting of a Gondwana-bearing asthenospheric mantle ever matasomatised by the fluid from subduction zone. Depending on the previous study on the high-K calc-alkaline intermediate-felsic volcanics in the study area,this paper proposed that the fluids derived from the subducted Lhasa Block metasomatised the asthenosphere beneath the Qiangtang Block,and induced its partial melting,and then the melt under-plated the thickened Qiangtang lithosphere and caused the generation of the Cenozoic adakite-like felsic magmas in the Qiangtang region.