学习效应下考虑缺陷品的一体化供应链最优运作决策

在有限周期内,构建了考虑缺陷品的单制造商单零售商的一体化供应链模型。在此模型中,制造商采用批对批策略生产-配送产品,且其生产过程中存在学习效应。零售商负责检验产品质量以保证市场需求能够被满足,但其检验过程中存在两类检验错误。通过准确衡量每次周期内制造商和零售商的成本构成,得到了有限周期内一体化供应链的总利润函数,进而探讨了一体化供应链最优的生产批次,以及最佳的订购周期。通过分析理论性质和数值算例,首次结合学习效应的边际递减特征,分析了两类检验错误对于零售商订购量以及制造商生产计划的影响;并探讨了学习效应对于制造商生产速率的促进作用,使得制造商在有限产能约束下能够及时满足零售商的产品订购量。

Allergen micro-array detection of specific IgE-reactivity in Chinese allergy patients

Background Allergen micro-arrays are powerful tools for screening of serum IgE-reactivity. In this study allergen micro-arrays were used to identify dominating IgE-binding allergens and cross-reactivity patterns among selected Chinese allergy patients. Methods The study was conducted using patient sera from the cities of Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chengdu and Shenyang. In total 100 sera with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （Der p） specific IgE-levels higher than 50 kU/L were selected for testing against 103 individual allergens. Results Among 100 selected patients, 95% showed IgE-reactivity towards house-dust mite allergens Dermatophagoides farinae （Der f） 1, Der f 2 and Der p 2 and 94% were IgE positive against Der p 1, and 60% of sera contained IgE reacting against allergen Euroglyphus maynei （Eur m） 2. IgE against cat allergen, Felisdomesticus （Fel d） 1, was seen in 20%. Only 2% showed specific IgE-reactivity to Der p 10, a panallergen belonging to the tropomyosin family. Serum IgE-reactivity towards other allergens was in general low. IgE-reactivity against pollen allergens showed geographic differences. Conclusions This study clearly confirms that group 1 and group 2 are major allergens of house dust mites. These selected house-dust mite allergy patients are close to being mono-sensitized. Der p 10 is not an important allergen for cross-reactivity. Specific IgE-sensitization towards pollen allergens is low in southern China compared to other regions. The prevalence of food and stinging insect allergens known to give rise to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity is 2% or less.

Prevalence of sensitivity to cockroach allergens and IgE crossreactivity between cockroach and house dust mite allergens in Chinese patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma

Background Cockroaches are an important indoor allergen source causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the cockroach prevalence in mainland of China and the cross-reactivity of IgE between cockroach and house dust mite allergen in Chinese patients.Methods The cockroach sensitization pattern was based on a skin prick test （SPT） obtained from a national multicenter prevalence study, in which 6304 patients from 25 allergy centers across China participated. Factors, including different regions of China, age, gender and the correlations between the American and German cockroaches and house dust mite Der p were investigated. Eighteen out of 1236 clinical sera from south China were selected to perform the cross-inhibition assay between house dust mites and cockroaches.Results Totally 25.7% of patients were SPT positive to the American cockroach （Periplaneta Americana, Per a） and 18.7% SPT positive to the German cockroach （Blattella germanica, Bla g）. The prevalence of positive cockroach SPT was higher in southern than in northern China, higher in adults than in children, and higher in males than in females.Patients had relatively low levels of cockroach SPT reactions, mainly class 1 or 2. Of the SPT positive cockroach patients,88% were also SPT positive to house dust mite （Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p）. An IgE cross-inhibition study confirmed that Der P sensitization could cause false positive SPT reactions against cockroach.Conclusions A relatively high prevalence of cockroach sensitivity was found in mainland of China. However, a cross-inhibition study showed that only a small number of patients appear to have Bla g and/or Per a as primary sensitizing source. The importance of cockroaches as a risk factor for sensitization and triggers of allergic symptoms in mainland of China needs to be further investigated.

Indoor mite allergen levels, specific IgE prevalence and IgE cross-inhibition pattern among asthmatic children in Haikou, southern China

Background Haikou locates in tropical island with unique mite allergens levels in Haikou, and to investigate the prevalence of between house dust mites. propagation. The aim of this stuy is to determine mite mite specific IgE-sensitization and IgE cross-reactivity Methods Allergen and antigen concentrations against six mite species were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Specific IgE concentrations and cross-inhibitions were measured with ADVIA Centaur . Results Allergen or antigen Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （Der p 1 ）, Blomia tropicalis （BIot ） and Tyrophagus putrescentia （Tyr p） were detected in dust samples. Dermatophagoides farinae （Der f 1 ）, Lepidoglyphus destructor （Lep d 2）, and Acarus siro （Aca s ） were found in very few samples. Specific IgE tests showed high prevalence of sensitizations against all tested mites with high IgE levels to Der p, Der f, and BIot. Storage mites, BIo t, Tyr p, Lep d, and Aca s, could inhibit Der p from 0 to 50%. Storage mites could inhibit Der f between 30% and 100%. Der p IgE could be inhibited by Der f with up to 90%, and vice versa. Der p could inhibit BIot from 40% to 80%. BIot was able to fully inhibit IgE binding to Lep d, Tyr p, and Aca s compared to partial inhibition by Der p. Conclusions Der p is the dominating mite and has the highest specific IgE prevalence among asthmatic children. BIot represents an important source of storage mite sensitization and some patients may be independently sensitized to both Der p and BIot. High prevalence of sensitization to Der f may be due to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity with Der p and BIo t.