油气钻采领域功能胶黏材料研究进展及前景

通过概述功能胶黏材料的组成、分类及性能表征,阐述了功能胶黏材料的吸附/界面反应、扩散、机械互锁和静电吸附等黏结作用机理,综述了其在防漏堵漏、井壁稳定、水力压裂和调剖堵水等油气钻采工程领域的研究现状、应用挑战及应用展望。依据现阶段功能胶黏材料在油气钻采领域的应用,提出了功能胶黏材料在油气钻采领域的重点研究方向:(1)对热塑性树脂进行共混改性或设计可固化热塑性树脂,提高黏结堵漏剂的黏结性能和承压能力;(2)在聚合物中引入低成本黏附性基团和正电荷结构,降低黏结固壁剂成本,提高其在井壁的黏附性能;(3)在热固性树脂中引入热可逆共价键,预防支撑剂回流,提高黏结支撑剂抗压强度;(4)在热塑性聚合物中引入热可逆共价键,提高黏结堵水剂的抗温抗盐能力和堵水性能。

Research progress and application prospect of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production

By summarizing the composition,classification,and performance characterization of functional adhesive materials,the adhesion mechanisms of functional adhesive materials,such as adsorption/surface reaction,diffusion,mechanical interlocking,and electrostatic adsorption,are expounded.The research status of these materials in oil and gas drilling and production engineering field such as lost circulation prevention/control,wellbore stabilization,hydraulic fracturing,and profile control and water plugging,and their application challenges and prospects in oil and gas drilling and production are introduced comprehensively.According to the applications of functional adhesive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and production at this stage,the key research directions of functional adhesive materials in the area of oil and gas drilling and production are proposed:(1)blending and modifying thermoplastic resins or designing curable thermoplastic resins to improve the bonding performance and pressure bearing capacity of adhesive lost circulation materials;(2)introducing low-cost adhesive groups and positive charge structures into polymers to reduce the cost of wellbore strengthening agents and improve their adhesion performance on the wellbore;(3)introducing thermally reversible covalent bond into thermosetting resin to prevent backflow of proppant and improve the compressive strength of adhesive proppant;(4)introducing thermally reversible covalent bonds into thermoplastic polymers to improve the temperature resistance,salt-resistance and water shutoff performance of adhesive water shutoff agents.

裂缝性地层钻井液漏失规律及堵漏对策

井漏是钻井过程中最常见的井下复杂问题,是制约井下安全、影响钻井进度的主要因素之一,而钻井液漏失模型较少考虑裂缝临界宽度、裂缝壁面粗糙度以及综合因素对漏失的影响,从而导致漏失机制对现场堵漏指导性较差。针对此问题,基于非牛顿流体力学理论,建立径向粗糙裂缝漏失模型,厘清裂缝临界宽度、裂缝粗糙度以及综合漏失因子等因素对漏失的影响,形成新的防漏堵漏设计准则。结果表明钻井液漏失量随裂缝宽度增加而增加,随钻井液流变性、裂缝粗糙度及综合漏失因子增加而减小;依据裂缝临界宽度,裂缝性地层漏失可分为微尺度、中尺度和大尺度裂缝性漏失,3种不同的漏失类型需采取与之相适应的堵漏材料进行封堵。

智能材料在钻井液堵漏领域研究进展和应用展望

井漏是目前钻井过程中最常见的井下复杂问题,是制约井下安全、影响钻井进度的主要因素之一。常规堵漏材料在处理渗透性和中小裂缝性井漏时取得了较好的效果,但是对于大裂缝或缝洞性堵漏的适应能力较差,一次堵漏成功率较低。智能材料研发与应用是当今国际前沿学科领域,研究其在钻井液堵漏领域的应用,开发新型智能堵漏材料,有望为钻井液堵漏提供创新性解决方案和技术手段。通过文献分析,阐述智能形状记忆合金、智能形状记忆聚合物、智能凝胶、智能膜和智能仿生材料等智能型材料在钻井液中的作用机制以及应用现状,针对不同智能材料在钻井液中的作用机制和特点,论述智能材料用于钻井液堵漏的可行性和技术途径,提出智能材料在钻井液堵漏领域应用的技术研发方向、方法及应用前景展望。

裂缝性恶性井漏地层堵漏技术研究进展与展望

通过系统论述裂缝性地层钻井液漏失和堵漏机理,对不同类型堵漏材料及其在裂缝性恶性漏失地层中的适用性及作用机理进行了分类归纳,同时基于所用堵漏材料分析了不同类型堵漏工艺的优缺点及应用效果,明确了目前国内外恶性漏失地层堵漏技术存在的关键问题,进而提出未来恶性井漏堵漏技术发展方向。未来应综合地质、工程、材料等学科,实现恶性井漏堵漏技术的一体化、智能化与系统化,重点应开展5个方面的研究:①注重钻井液漏失和堵漏机理研究,为科学选择堵漏材料及配方、堵漏方法和工艺提供依据;②注重自适应堵漏材料研发,提高堵漏材料与裂缝漏失通道级配关系;③注重三维裂缝空间强驻留强充填堵漏材料研发,增强堵漏材料在漏失通道中的驻留和充填程度,改善封堵效果;④注重抗高温堵漏材料研发,保证深层高温漏失地层的长期封堵效果;⑤注重发展数据化和智能化堵漏技术,促进堵漏技术向数据化和智能化方向发展。

裂缝封堵层形成机理及堵漏颗粒优选规则

针对裂缝性地层封堵层形成机理和封堵规则尚不明晰的问题,基于封堵实验和颗粒物质力学方法研究了裂缝性地层封堵层的形成过程,分析了封堵层组成及颗粒配比,揭示了封堵层形成的本质及破坏的驱动能量,提出了钻井液防漏堵漏颗粒优选规则。研究表明封堵层的形成过程经历了从惯性流、弹性流到准静态流的流态变化过程。封堵层由封端颗粒、架桥颗粒和填充颗粒组成,3种堵漏颗粒的配比是设计堵漏体系的重要依据。封堵层形成的本质是体系发生非平衡性Jamming相态转变,封堵层颗粒体系对压力的响应由熵力驱动,熵越大封堵层越稳定。根据提出的规则优选了堵漏材料、优化了堵漏体系,封堵效果优于其他常用规则,可有效提高封堵层承压能力,为解决裂缝性地层漏失提供了理论和技术依据。

改性热固性树脂研究进展及其在钻井液领域应用前景

改性热固性树脂是通过物理共混或者化学交联的方式引入特定元素或官能团形成的具有体型网络结构的高分子材料。优异的耐热耐压性能和力学性能使得热固性树脂及其改性产品在机械、建筑以及民用生活等领域成为不可或缺的基础材料。综述环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚氨酯树脂及不饱和聚酯树脂等4种热固性树脂的改性机制及改性后材料特点,结合钻井液相关处理剂研究现状和不同改性热固性树脂性能特点,展望改性热固性树脂在井壁稳定、钻井液降滤失及防漏堵漏领域的应用前景。改性热固性树脂在钻井液领域的研究和应用将推动钻井液处理剂向高性能低成本的方向发展。

Research progress and prospect of plugging technologies for fractured formation with severe lost circulation

By reviewing the mechanisms of drilling fluid lost circulation and its control in fractured formations, the applicability and working mechanisms of different kinds of lost circulation materials in plugging fractured formations have been summarized. Meanwhile, based on the types of lost circulation materials, the advantages, disadvantages, and application effects of corresponding plugging technologies have been analyzed to sort out the key problems existing in the current lost circulation control technologies. On this basis, the development direction of plugging technology for severe loss have been pointed out. It is suggested that that the lost circulation control technology should combine different disciplines such as geology, engineering and materials to realize integration, intelligence and systematization in the future. Five research aspects should be focused on:(1) the study on mechanisms of drilling fluid lost circulation and its control to provide basis for scientific selection of lost circulation material formulas, control methods and processes;(2) the research and development of self-adaptive lost circulation materials to improve the matching relationship between lost control materials and fracture scales;(3) the research and development of lost circulation materials with strong retention and strong filling in three-dimensional fracture space, to enhance the retention and filling capacities of materials in fractures and improve the lost circulation control effect;(4) the research and development of lost circulation materials with high temperature tolerance, to ensure the long-term plugging effect of deep high-temperature formations;(5) the study on digital and intelligent lost circulation control technology, to promote the development of lost circulation control technology to digital and intelligent direction.

Formation mechanisms of fracture plugging zone and optimization of plugging particles

As formation mechanisms of plugging zone and criteria for fracture plugging remain unclear,plugging experiments and methods testing granular material mechanical properties are used to study the formation process of the plugging zone in fractured formations,analyze composition and ratios of different sizes of particles in the plugging zone,and reveal the essence and driving energy of the formation and damage of the plugging zone.New criteria for selecting lost circulation materials are proposed.The research results show that the formation of the plugging zone has undergone a process from inertial flow,elastic flow,to quasi-static flow.The plugging zone is composed of fracture mouth plugging particles,bridging particles and filling particles,and the proportion of the three types of particles is an important basis for designing drilling fluid loss control formula.The essence of the construction of the plugging zone is non-equilibrium Jamming phase transition.The response of the plugging zone particle system to pressure is driven by entropy force;the greater the entropy,the more stable the plugging zone.Lost circulation control formula optimized according to the new criteria has better plugging effect than the formula made according to conventional plugging rules and effectively improves the pressure-bearing capacity of the plugging zone.The research results provide a theoretical and technical basis for the lost circulation control of fractured formations.

高分子材料的力学状态转变机理及在钻井液领域的应用展望

通过系统论述高分子材料在不同条件下的力学状态转变机理,并对其在钻井液封堵、防漏堵漏、固壁和降滤失领域的研究进展和应用进行了梳理,分析了其在钻井液领域应用中存在的问题,进一步展望了其在封堵、防漏堵漏、固壁和降滤失领域的应用前景。高分子材料作为封堵剂,可通过链纠缠、范德华力和氢键等作用,有效封堵地层微小孔隙;作为随钻防漏/堵漏剂,可通过机械互锁或化学键结合等作用黏连架桥,形成高强度胶结封堵层;作为固壁剂,可通过高分子链扩散、纠缠、静电和氢键等作用吸附聚集于井壁和微裂缝,维持井壁稳定;作为降滤失剂,可与黏土、聚合物协同作用,在井壁形成一层致密的高强度滤饼,降低钻井液滤失量。高分子材料在钻井液领域的研究将进一步促进钻井液处理剂技术的飞速发展。