Circular RNAs in breast cancer diagnosis,treatment and prognosis

Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer to become the most common malignancy worldwide.The incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer continue to rise,which leads to a great burden on public health.Circular RNAs(circRNAs),a new class of noncoding RNAs(ncRNAs),have been recognized as important oncogenes or suppressors in regulating cancer initiation and progression.In breast cancer,circRNAs have significant roles in tumorigenesis,recurrence and multidrug resistance that are mediated by various mechanisms.Therefore,circRNAs may serve as promising targets of therapeutic strategies for breast cancer management.This study reviews the most recent studies about the biosynthesis and characteristics of circRNAs in diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation,as well as the value of circRNAs in clinical applications as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in breast cancer.Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs function could help transform basic research into clinical applications and facilitate the development of novel circRNA-based therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.

The burgeoning importance of PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer progression

PIWI-interacting RNAs(pi RNAs)are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells.Recent studies have found that pi RNAs,as tissue-specific molecules,both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression,including cancer cell proliferation,metastasis,chemoresistance and stemness.Additionally,the atypical manifestation of pi RNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors.Nonetheless,the precise functions of pi RNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended.This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of pi RNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression,thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of pi RNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.

Effect of radical scavenger on electrical tree in cross-linked polyethylene with large harmonic superimposed DC voltage

In this study,three kinds of radical scavenger Chimassorb 944,Tinuvin 622,and Tinuvin 770 are used to suppress the growth of electrical trees in cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE)with transient superimposed voltage under the temperature gradient.The tree morphology,tree length,accumulated damage,and time to breakdown are used to investigate the effect of radical scavenger on the electrical treeing process.It is found that under the temperature gradient caused by the temperature rise on the high voltage side,only Tinuvin 622 can always suppress the electrical tree as the temperature gradient rises.Under the temperature gradient caused by the temperature rise on the ground side,the three radical scavengers can all suppress the electrical tree.The breakdown of electrical tree exhibits the strong DC polarity dependence.Meanwhile,energy levels of these three radical scavengers are calculated through quantum chemistry,and the results indicate that radical scavengers have greater electron affinity,smaller ionisation energy,and smaller energy gap than XLPE.According to the surface potential decay test results at 60℃,it is found that all three radical scavengers can introduce deep traps.The different performances of radical scavengers under different temperature gradients and voltages are determined by the trap distribution characteristics,the molecular structure and chemical reaction of the additives themselves.It is concluded that Tinuvin 622 has potential for use in high voltage direct current XLPE cable application.

Impact Increment Based Hybrid Reliability Assessment Method for Transmission Systems

This paper proposes an impact-increment-based hybrid(IIHybrid)reliability assessment approach for power transmission systems.The proposed approach integrates the advantages of the impact-increment-based state enumeration method(IISE)and impact-increment-based Monte Carlo simulation(IIMC)to improve computational efficiency and accuracy.The IISE can efficiently assess the impacts of low-order contingencies.The accuracy is,however,sacrificed as highorder contingencies are usually neglected.The IIMC is more suitable for large-scale contingency spaces compared with IISE,although the calculation process is time-consuming.In this paper,the proposed IIHybrid takes advantage of its strengths while avoiding its shortcomings.The IISE and the IIMC are applied to lower and higher contingency spaces respectively.The high-order contingencies elimination technique proposed in our previous studies is still applicable to the IIHybrid.In addition,efficiency can be controlled by modifying the preset parameters to adapt to various scenarios.Case studies are performed on the IEEE 118-bus test system and PEGASE System.The results show that the proposed approach is more efficient and practicable than traditional methods.