为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低...为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低,对杂草的鲜重防效高于株数防效。使用氟噻草胺后,大豆生长正常,产量较空白对照有显著性增加。推荐氟噻草胺在大豆田的使用剂量为630~810 g a.i./hm^2,该剂量下药后28 d对杂草的合计鲜重防效达84.9%~92.0%,且对大豆安全。氟噻草胺的杀草谱和防效与乙草胺相近,可以作为乙草胺的替换产品在大豆田使用。展开更多
2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、...2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋、反枝苋、酸浆等,适宜剂量为780~975 g a.i./hm^(2),对杂草鲜重总防效为88.2%~100.0%,防效均高于丙炔氟草胺和精异丙甲草胺2个单剂。52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生出苗、生长和发育无影响,产量比空白对照增产30%以上,该药剂在花生播后苗前施药对花生安全。展开更多
为解决大规模电动汽车无序入网会给配电网安全稳定运行带来一系列不良影响问题,提出了车联网(vehicle to grid,V2G)模式下电动汽车有序充放电实时响应分群调度策略。从日前-日内多时间尺度出发,充分计及车主响应意愿及响应能力,对电动...为解决大规模电动汽车无序入网会给配电网安全稳定运行带来一系列不良影响问题,提出了车联网(vehicle to grid,V2G)模式下电动汽车有序充放电实时响应分群调度策略。从日前-日内多时间尺度出发,充分计及车主响应意愿及响应能力,对电动汽车集群进行细致划分。针对每个调度时段,综合考虑电网、电池、车主等约束条件,建立电动汽车有序充放电优化模型。模型分为上、下两层求取电动汽车充放电调度计划:上层以调度时间区间内的配电网方差负荷曲线最小为目标,求取当前时段集群总的充放电功率;下层以电动汽车车主费用最低为目标,求取单辆电动汽车的充放电计划。通过算例仿真,验证所提模型的有效性。展开更多
Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were fo...Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50(50% effective concentration) values differed statistically(763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively). Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS. Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism. Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(CYP) genes. These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families. The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes(168) belonging to 17 families. Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes. The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively. Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples. These genes may contribute to nicosulfuron tolerance in maize. A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster. The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-q PCR analysis. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize cytochrome P450 in herbicide metabolism.展开更多
以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标,测定植株油类喷雾助剂GY-Tmax、矿物油类助剂GY-T12及有机硅类助剂GY-S903喷雾助剂不同添加量对40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降...以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标,测定植株油类喷雾助剂GY-Tmax、矿物油类助剂GY-T12及有机硅类助剂GY-S903喷雾助剂不同添加量对40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降低其药液的表面张力,增加其扩展直径,GY-S903对其影响最大。3种助剂对药液的干燥时间和最大持液量的影响存在显著差异。添加0.25%～0.75%的GY-Tmax,在保证对玉米田杂草防治效果相当的情况下,烟嘧磺隆用量可减少50%;添加0.03%～0.07%的GY-S903及0.3%～0.6%的GY-T12可使烟嘧磺隆用量减少40%。在整个生育期内,未发现40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂30 g ai/hm^2添加喷雾助剂各处理对玉米的明显受害症状,烟嘧磺隆添加GY-Tmax较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆增产6.6%～7.6%,增产作用最强。GY-S903对烟嘧磺隆的增产作用与GY-T12相当,较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆处理分别增产4.3%～7.0%及3.9%～7.4%。展开更多
文摘为了明确氟噻草胺在大豆田的应用效果,2016年和2017年在河北省进行田间小区试验,研究氟噻草胺的除草效果和安全性。结果表明,在大豆播后苗前使用氟噻草胺进行土壤处理,能够有效防除禾本科杂草和部分小粒种子阔叶杂草,对铁苋菜的防效较低,对杂草的鲜重防效高于株数防效。使用氟噻草胺后,大豆生长正常,产量较空白对照有显著性增加。推荐氟噻草胺在大豆田的使用剂量为630~810 g a.i./hm^2,该剂量下药后28 d对杂草的合计鲜重防效达84.9%~92.0%,且对大豆安全。氟噻草胺的杀草谱和防效与乙草胺相近,可以作为乙草胺的替换产品在大豆田使用。
文摘2017年和2018年采用田间小区药效试验的方法,评价52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生田一年生杂草的防治效果和对花生的安全性。结果表明,52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂能有效防除河北省花生田一年生杂草,如马唐、牛筋草、马齿苋、反枝苋、酸浆等,适宜剂量为780~975 g a.i./hm^(2),对杂草鲜重总防效为88.2%~100.0%,防效均高于丙炔氟草胺和精异丙甲草胺2个单剂。52%精异丙甲草胺·丙炔氟草胺悬乳剂对花生出苗、生长和发育无影响,产量比空白对照增产30%以上,该药剂在花生播后苗前施药对花生安全。
文摘为解决大规模电动汽车无序入网会给配电网安全稳定运行带来一系列不良影响问题,提出了车联网(vehicle to grid,V2G)模式下电动汽车有序充放电实时响应分群调度策略。从日前-日内多时间尺度出发,充分计及车主响应意愿及响应能力,对电动汽车集群进行细致划分。针对每个调度时段,综合考虑电网、电池、车主等约束条件,建立电动汽车有序充放电优化模型。模型分为上、下两层求取电动汽车充放电调度计划:上层以调度时间区间内的配电网方差负荷曲线最小为目标,求取当前时段集群总的充放电功率;下层以电动汽车车主费用最低为目标,求取单辆电动汽车的充放电计划。通过算例仿真,验证所提模型的有效性。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501660)the Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei, China (17226507D)the Foundation of Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, China (LYS2015001)
文摘Postemergence application of nicosulfuron for weed control in maize fields can cause great damage to certain maize inbred lines and hybrids. Two maize genotypes, tolerant inbred(HBR) and sensitive inbred(HBS), were found to significantly differ in their phenotypic responses to nicosulfuron, with the EC50(50% effective concentration) values differed statistically(763.6 and 5.9 g a.i. ha–1, respectively). Pre-treatment with malathion, a known cytochrome P450 inhibitor, increased nicosulfuron injury in both HBR and HBS. Our results support the hypothesis that nicosulfuron selectivity in maize is associated with cytochrome P450 metabolism. Further analysis of the maize genome resulted in the identification of 314 full length cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(CYP) genes. These genes were classified into 2 types, 10 clans and 44 families. The CYP71 clan was represented by all A-type genes(168) belonging to 17 families. Nine clans possessed 27 families containing 146 non-A-type genes. The consensus sequences of the heme-binding regions of A-type and non-A-type CYP proteins are ‘PFGXGRRXCPG’ and ‘FXXGPRXCXG’, respectively. Illumina transcriptome sequence results showed that there were 53 differentially expressed CYP genes on the basis of high variation in expression between HBS and HBR, nicosulfuron-treated and untreated samples. These genes may contribute to nicosulfuron tolerance in maize. A hierarchical clustering analysis obtained four main clusters named C1 to C4 in which 4, 15, 21, and 13 CYP genes were found in each respective cluster. The expression patterns of some CYP genes were confirmed by RT-q PCR analysis. The research will improve our understanding of the function of maize cytochrome P450 in herbicide metabolism.
文摘以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标,测定植株油类喷雾助剂GY-Tmax、矿物油类助剂GY-T12及有机硅类助剂GY-S903喷雾助剂不同添加量对40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明,3种助剂均能显著降低其药液的表面张力,增加其扩展直径,GY-S903对其影响最大。3种助剂对药液的干燥时间和最大持液量的影响存在显著差异。添加0.25%～0.75%的GY-Tmax,在保证对玉米田杂草防治效果相当的情况下,烟嘧磺隆用量可减少50%;添加0.03%～0.07%的GY-S903及0.3%～0.6%的GY-T12可使烟嘧磺隆用量减少40%。在整个生育期内,未发现40 g/L烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂30 g ai/hm^2添加喷雾助剂各处理对玉米的明显受害症状,烟嘧磺隆添加GY-Tmax较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆增产6.6%～7.6%,增产作用最强。GY-S903对烟嘧磺隆的增产作用与GY-T12相当,较30 g ai/hm^2烟嘧磺隆处理分别增产4.3%～7.0%及3.9%～7.4%。
