目的:分析医院发热门诊抗感染药物所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特征,并提出相应的应对策略,为抗感染药物在门诊的安全使用提供参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年6月南阳医专第二附属医院发热门诊上报国家...目的:分析医院发热门诊抗感染药物所致药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADRs)的流行病学特征,并提出相应的应对策略,为抗感染药物在门诊的安全使用提供参考。方法:选取2021年1月—2022年6月南阳医专第二附属医院发热门诊上报国家药品不良反应监测系统的162例抗感染药物所致ADRs报告,采集患者的年龄、性别,相关抗感染药物的种类、给药方式,以及ADRs的发生时间、累及器官(或系统)等信息,分析抗感染药物所致ADRs的流行病学特征。结果:162例抗感染药物所致ADRs患者的男女性别分布较为均衡(87例vs 75例),而其年龄则主要集中在>60岁(73例,占45.06%);162例ADRs所涉的抗感染药物主要为抗菌药物(160例,占98.77%),其中主要的类别有头孢菌素类(44例,占27.16%)、喹诺酮类(38例,占23.46%)、大环内酯类(34例,占20.99%)和青霉素类(33例,占20.37%);162例ADRs所涉抗感染药物的给药方式主要为静脉滴注(115例,占70.99%),其次为口服(31例,占19.14%);162例ADRs主要的发生时间为用药后的>1~3 h(70例,占43.21%),其次为用药后的>5 min~1 h(45例,占27.78%)和≤5 min(30例,占18.52%);162例ADRs主要皮肤及其附件(56例,占34.57%)、胃肠道(41例,占25.31%)和神经系统(36例,占22.22%)。结论:医院发热门诊抗感染药物所致ADRs主要由静脉用抗菌药物引起,并且在老年人中更为多见,对于高发人群临床在护理和用药交代时重点关注,以确保患者的用药安全。展开更多
From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K ( 1−7 ), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O ( 8−13 ). Additionally, four previously characterized...From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K ( 1−7 ), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O ( 8−13 ). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D ( 14−17 ) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols ( 1−13 ) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey’s method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols ( 1 − 7 , 14 − 17 ) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8−32 μg·mL^(−1). Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL^(−1).展开更多
Background Stent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Metho...Background Stent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods Three idealized plexiglass aneudsmal models with different geometries before and after stenting were created, and their three-dimensional computational models were constructed. Flow dynamics in stented and unstented aneurismal models were studied using in vitro flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations. In addition, effects of stenting on flow dynamics in a patient-specific aneurysm model were also analyzed by CFD.Results The results of flow visualization were consistent with those obtained with CFD simulations. Stent deployment reduced vortex inside the aneurysm and its impact on the aneurysm sac, and decreased wall shear stress on the sac.Different aneurysm geometries dictated fundamentally different hemodynamic patterns and outcomes of stenting.Conclusions Stenting across the neck of aneurysms improves local blood flow profiles. This may facilitate thrombus formation in aneurysms and decrease the chance of recanalization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFA0903200//2018YFA0903201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81925037 and 81973213)+6 种基金National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program(No.2017RA2259)the 111 Project of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(No.B13038)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(No.2017BT01Y036)Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(No.2021A0505020015)Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Higher Education Institution(No.2021KCXTD001)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(No.Guo-Dong Chen,2021,China)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.202201020048)。
文摘From the fungus Trichoderma sp., we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K ( 1−7 ), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O ( 8−13 ). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D ( 14−17 ) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols ( 1−13 ) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey’s method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols ( 1 − 7 , 14 − 17 ) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8−32 μg·mL^(−1). Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL^(−1).
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China （No. 30772234 and No. 10972016）, the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing （No. 7072016 and No. 3092004）, the Individual Item Assisted by Beijing Excellent Talents Program （No. 20061D0300400072）, and High Level Health Technique Talent Training Plan of Beijing Health System （No. 2009-3-22）.
文摘Background Stent placement has been widely used to assist coiling in cerebral aneurysm treatments. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of stenting on wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.Methods Three idealized plexiglass aneudsmal models with different geometries before and after stenting were created, and their three-dimensional computational models were constructed. Flow dynamics in stented and unstented aneurismal models were studied using in vitro flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics （CFD） simulations. In addition, effects of stenting on flow dynamics in a patient-specific aneurysm model were also analyzed by CFD.Results The results of flow visualization were consistent with those obtained with CFD simulations. Stent deployment reduced vortex inside the aneurysm and its impact on the aneurysm sac, and decreased wall shear stress on the sac.Different aneurysm geometries dictated fundamentally different hemodynamic patterns and outcomes of stenting.Conclusions Stenting across the neck of aneurysms improves local blood flow profiles. This may facilitate thrombus formation in aneurysms and decrease the chance of recanalization.
