As part of a larger project to examine the richness and distribution of wildlife in Kumtag Desert area, we conducted camera trapping surveys during the period 2010–2012 at seven watering sites in an arid region of th...As part of a larger project to examine the richness and distribution of wildlife in Kumtag Desert area, we conducted camera trapping surveys during the period 2010–2012 at seven watering sites in an arid region of the Altun Mountains in western China. Information on activity patterns of the wild bactrian camel (Camelus ferus), kiang (Equus kiang), goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), argali (Ovis ammon), blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and wolf (Canis lupus) was obtained. We found that the wild camel, kiang, goitered gazelle, argali, and blue sheep were predominantly diurnal at watering sites, whereas red fox and wolf were nocturnal. Five herbivores partitioned the use of watering sites in a temporal manner to minimize the risk of predation by carnivores. The wild camel was the dominant herbivorous species at the watering sites. The kiang, goitered gazelle, argali, and blue sheep displayed adaptive water use by altering spatial or temporal patterns based on the presence or absence of wild camel, to minimize the risk of interspecific strife. These results are suggestive of the differences in activity patterns that might modulate water partitioning by different species, and provide insights for the development of conservation strategies for integrated species and decisions regarding water development in the Altun Mountains.展开更多
This is the first time to describe the diversity of denitrifying bacteria in Sanjiangyuan natural reserve in Tibet Plateau by investigating the molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of nirK and nosZ genes usin...This is the first time to describe the diversity of denitrifying bacteria in Sanjiangyuan natural reserve in Tibet Plateau by investigating the molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of nirK and nosZ genes using PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Four soil samples were collected from alpine meadow communities from over an altitude of 4600 m which had different physicochemical properties by principal component analysis (PCA). For the genes fragment of nirK and nosZ, the diverse PCR products were characterized by cloning, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequenced. A total of 253 nirK clones and 283 nosZ clones were received in four samples, and 78 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of nirK and 120 OTUs of nosZ by the restriction enzymes MspI and RsaI digested. The analysis of environmental factors showed that altitude and C/N ratio in soil may be the key factors to the denitrifying bacteria community. 36 nirK clones and 17 nosZ clones were sequenced, and their levels of nucleotide identity were from 69% to 98% and 57% to 97%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Clustal W and Mega softwares, and all the sequenced clones could be subdivided into 4 groups. Some of clone sequences were related to the nirK and nosZ genes belonging to three phylogenetic subdivisions (α-, β- and γ subclasses of the Proteobacteria), while most of the clones were closely related to the genes of the uncultured bacteria. The sequence distributions were not clear relating to the sample sites in the tree.展开更多
The experimental plots in representative areas of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve were established.The forest communities in Shennongjia were investigated by using TWINSPAN.The plant communities in these plots were inv...The experimental plots in representative areas of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve were established.The forest communities in Shennongjia were investigated by using TWINSPAN.The plant communities in these plots were investigated to discern the pattern of species diversity distribution along the altitudinal gradient.Theα-diversity andβ- diversity were calculated by using the data collected. Theα-diversity of the tree layer peaked in the evergreen broadleaved forest zone at low-elevation, theα-diversity of the shrub layer increased gradually at first and then decreased along the altitudinal gradient,while theα-diversity of the herb layer peaked in mid-altitude.Theβ-diversity peaked at mid-elevations where the composition of edificatory species changed.The transition zone was characterized by relatively high levels of species diversity and species turn-over rate.The overall species richness peaked in mid-altitude.The results of this research could provide a sound basis for reserve management and planning,as well as preservation of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in this reserve.展开更多
基金funded by National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAFYBB2011003)the Administrative Bureau of Xinjiang Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reservethe Administrative Bureau of Gansu Annanba Wild Camel National Nature Reserve for their support of this study
文摘As part of a larger project to examine the richness and distribution of wildlife in Kumtag Desert area, we conducted camera trapping surveys during the period 2010–2012 at seven watering sites in an arid region of the Altun Mountains in western China. Information on activity patterns of the wild bactrian camel (Camelus ferus), kiang (Equus kiang), goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa), argali (Ovis ammon), blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and wolf (Canis lupus) was obtained. We found that the wild camel, kiang, goitered gazelle, argali, and blue sheep were predominantly diurnal at watering sites, whereas red fox and wolf were nocturnal. Five herbivores partitioned the use of watering sites in a temporal manner to minimize the risk of predation by carnivores. The wild camel was the dominant herbivorous species at the watering sites. The kiang, goitered gazelle, argali, and blue sheep displayed adaptive water use by altering spatial or temporal patterns based on the presence or absence of wild camel, to minimize the risk of interspecific strife. These results are suggestive of the differences in activity patterns that might modulate water partitioning by different species, and provide insights for the development of conservation strategies for integrated species and decisions regarding water development in the Altun Mountains.
文摘This is the first time to describe the diversity of denitrifying bacteria in Sanjiangyuan natural reserve in Tibet Plateau by investigating the molecular diversity and phylogenetic analysis of nirK and nosZ genes using PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Four soil samples were collected from alpine meadow communities from over an altitude of 4600 m which had different physicochemical properties by principal component analysis (PCA). For the genes fragment of nirK and nosZ, the diverse PCR products were characterized by cloning, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and sequenced. A total of 253 nirK clones and 283 nosZ clones were received in four samples, and 78 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of nirK and 120 OTUs of nosZ by the restriction enzymes MspI and RsaI digested. The analysis of environmental factors showed that altitude and C/N ratio in soil may be the key factors to the denitrifying bacteria community. 36 nirK clones and 17 nosZ clones were sequenced, and their levels of nucleotide identity were from 69% to 98% and 57% to 97%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Clustal W and Mega softwares, and all the sequenced clones could be subdivided into 4 groups. Some of clone sequences were related to the nirK and nosZ genes belonging to three phylogenetic subdivisions (α-, β- and γ subclasses of the Proteobacteria), while most of the clones were closely related to the genes of the uncultured bacteria. The sequence distributions were not clear relating to the sample sites in the tree.
文摘The experimental plots in representative areas of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve were established.The forest communities in Shennongjia were investigated by using TWINSPAN.The plant communities in these plots were investigated to discern the pattern of species diversity distribution along the altitudinal gradient.Theα-diversity andβ- diversity were calculated by using the data collected. Theα-diversity of the tree layer peaked in the evergreen broadleaved forest zone at low-elevation, theα-diversity of the shrub layer increased gradually at first and then decreased along the altitudinal gradient,while theα-diversity of the herb layer peaked in mid-altitude.Theβ-diversity peaked at mid-elevations where the composition of edificatory species changed.The transition zone was characterized by relatively high levels of species diversity and species turn-over rate.The overall species richness peaked in mid-altitude.The results of this research could provide a sound basis for reserve management and planning,as well as preservation of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in this reserve.
