复合微生物菌肥配施化肥对芥菜生长及土壤环境的影响

【目的】分析复合微生物菌肥配施化肥对芥菜生长及菜地土壤环境的影响,为复合微生物菌肥及化肥减量增效技术在芥菜栽培中推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】在田间设单施100%化肥(T1)、70%化肥+复合微生物菌肥(T2)、85%化肥+复合微生物菌肥(T3)和100%化肥+复合微生物菌肥(T4)4个施肥处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),测定分析各处理芥菜的农艺性状、产量和品质及菜地土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量。【结果】T3处理芥菜的株高最高,且显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同),单株重显著大于其他处理,公顷产量(29390 kg)最高,较CK显著提高107.45%,但与其他处理差异不显著(P>0.05,下同);粗纤维含量为0.70%,显著低于其他处理;总酸含量(0.10 g/100g)低于其他处理,总糖含量(1.33 g/100g)显著高于T2和T4处理。T3处理菜地土壤中的3种酶活性均最高,其中蔗糖酶活性为110.1 mg/gDW,土壤脲酶活性为0.125 mg/gDW、酸性蛋白酶活性为67.9μg/gDW,与CK和T1处理相比,分别显著提高629.14%和80.79%、135.85%和35.87%及63.22%和5.43%。T3处理菜地土壤的氮磷钾和有机质含量均最低,水解氮含量为136 mg/kg,显著低于其他施肥处理,较T1处理降低9.33%;有效磷含量(19.7 mg/kg)较T1处理显著降低29.64%;速效钾含量(176.0 mg/kg)较T1处理显著降低57.89%,较CK降低58.97%;T3处理能更有效地利用土壤中的养分,减少土壤磷的潜在污染风险。【结论】芥菜栽培采用85%化肥+复合微生物菌肥(600 kg/hm^2)施肥模式可提高产量、改善品质及改良土壤环境、降低水体和土壤磷污染风险。

带式输送机输送带带内应力分布特性分析

为研究输送带在过渡段等处横截面上的应力分布情况,采用电子万能试验拉伸机分析了输送带应力应变之间的关系,运用万能摩擦磨损试验机得出摩擦因数,结合理论分析建立带式输送机刚柔耦合动力学模型并进行仿真。通过试验得到了钢丝绳芯橡胶输送带的应力-应变迟滞回线,发现了应力与应变之间的关系,并在此基础上计算出ST1600型输送带仿真所需要的弹性模量等材料参数。基于试验算得的参数,通过仿真得到槽型托辊支撑处输送带横截面上的应力近似呈梯形分布,应力从中间向两边逐渐减小;滚筒处输送带应力分布大致呈抛物线形分布,输送带中间部分应力分布最大;过渡段应力分布具有"W"形分布特点。

黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥在茄子栽培上的应用效果

研究了黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥在茄子栽培上的应用效果,试验设常规化肥(处理Ⅱ)、低量黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥(处理Ⅲ)、中量黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥(处理Ⅳ)、高量黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥(处理Ⅴ)4个施肥处理,以及不施肥处理Ⅰ为CK,分别对茄子经济性状、品质和产量指标进行调查分析。结果表明:各施肥处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ的茄子植株经济性状、果实经济性状、品质、产量均优于不施肥处理Ⅰ(CK),各施肥处理中,高量黄腐酸有机-无机复混药肥的肥效最为显著,可有效促进茄子优质高产,并实现化肥减施,在茄子生产栽培上可进行推广应用。

Impact of adjustment measures on reducing outpatient waiting time in a community hospital： application of a computer simulation

Background As an important determinant of patient satisfaction, waiting time, has gained increasing attention in the field of health care services. The present study aimed to illustrate the distribution characteristics of waiting time in a community hospital and explore the impact of potential measures to reduce outpatient waiting time based on a computer simulation approach. Methods Dudng a one-month study period in 2006, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a community hospital located in Shanghai, China. Baseline data of outpatient waiting time were calculated according to the records of registration time and payment time. A simulation technique was adopted to investigate the impact of perspective reform methods on reducing waiting time. Results Data from a total of 10 092 patients and 26 816 medical consultations were collected in the study and 19 947 medical consultations were included. The average of the total visit time for outpatients in this hospital was 43.6 minutes in the morning, 19.1 minutes in the afternoon, and 34.3 minutes for the whole day studied period. The simulation results suggested that waiting time for outpatients could be greatly reduced through the introduction of appointment system and flexible demand-orientated doctor scheduling according to the numbers of patients waiting at different time of the workday. Conclusion Adoption of an appointment system and flexible management of doctor scheduling may be effective way to achieve decreased waiting time.