目的:探讨卡格列净相关不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为临床安全使用该药提供参考。方法:计算机检索CNKI、万方数据、VIP、PubMed、Sciencedirect、Web of Science等数据库,收集国内外卡格列净相关ADR的病例报道,对患者性别、年龄、原患疾病...目的:探讨卡格列净相关不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为临床安全使用该药提供参考。方法:计算机检索CNKI、万方数据、VIP、PubMed、Sciencedirect、Web of Science等数据库,收集国内外卡格列净相关ADR的病例报道,对患者性别、年龄、原患疾病,卡格列净用药剂量、合并用药,不良反应发生时间、累及系统/器官及临床表现、治疗与转归等进行统计分析。结果:共收集文献32篇,病例34例。卡格列净相关ADR病例女性多于男性;以50岁以上(55.88%)多见;ADR多发生于用药后3个月内(67.64%);主要涉及代谢和营养障碍(58.82%)、泌尿生殖系统损害(17.65%)、消化系统损害(14.71%)等,其中以酮症酸中毒、急性肾损伤、泌尿生殖系统感染、急性胰腺炎较为严重。结论:临床使用卡格列净应加强用药监测,警惕ADR的发生,尤其对于老年、肾功能不全、泌尿生殖系统围手术期及出现急性代谢紊乱的患者。展开更多
With the increasing demand for clean renewable energy and electric cars,people have put forward higher requirement for the energy storage system.One of the most successful lithium-ion batteries with a cathode combinat...With the increasing demand for clean renewable energy and electric cars,people have put forward higher requirement for the energy storage system.One of the most successful lithium-ion batteries with a cathode combination of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide(also called NCM lithium-ion battery),has been playing an increasingly important role.So far,numerous research has been done on the fabrication of cathode material with optimization of its composition,design,and assembly of the battery system in order to improve the energy storage performance.However,most of the previous studies were conducted based on relatively short cycling time of testing,with limited charge-discharge cycles of no more than 1000.Thus the conclusions were insufficient to be applied in the practical working condition.In this work,by using the developed NCM523 lithium-ion batteries,we have performed a series of ultra-long cycling tests on the individual cell and its module,with a comprehensive study on the relationship between the retained capacity after long cycling time and the depth of discharge(DOD),charge-discharge rate and operating temperature.Optimization of the charge-discharge strategies on a single cell and the whole module was also made to effectively improve the overall energy storage efficiency.This experimental study offers a guideline for the efficient use of similar types of lithium-ion batteries in the practical working condition.The developed batteries together with the optimized charge-discharge strategy proposed here are promising to meet the requirements for applications of stationary energy storage and electric cars.展开更多
肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击.目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4,C...肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击.目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4,CTLA-4)以及T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3,Tim-3)等免疫检查点分子的靶向抗体药物研发已经取得了极大的进展,其中多种靶向PD-1和CTLA-4的抗体药物已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food andDrug Administration,FDA)批准上市,虽然有部分患者经以上药物治疗后出现完全缓解或生存期延长,但尚存在较多患者出现耐药或没有缓解病情的状况.最新的研究发现,靶向PD-1治疗的耐药患者Tim-3表达上调,Tim-3也被认为是潜在的新一代肿瘤治疗靶点,Tim-3与PD-1的靶向联合治疗有可能成为研究的热点.现就国内外靶向Tim-3药物的研究现状做一综述.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨卡格列净相关不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为临床安全使用该药提供参考。方法:计算机检索CNKI、万方数据、VIP、PubMed、Sciencedirect、Web of Science等数据库,收集国内外卡格列净相关ADR的病例报道,对患者性别、年龄、原患疾病,卡格列净用药剂量、合并用药,不良反应发生时间、累及系统/器官及临床表现、治疗与转归等进行统计分析。结果:共收集文献32篇,病例34例。卡格列净相关ADR病例女性多于男性;以50岁以上(55.88%)多见;ADR多发生于用药后3个月内(67.64%);主要涉及代谢和营养障碍(58.82%)、泌尿生殖系统损害(17.65%)、消化系统损害(14.71%)等,其中以酮症酸中毒、急性肾损伤、泌尿生殖系统感染、急性胰腺炎较为严重。结论:临床使用卡格列净应加强用药监测,警惕ADR的发生,尤其对于老年、肾功能不全、泌尿生殖系统围手术期及出现急性代谢紊乱的患者。
基金This work was financially supported by the National K ey Basic Research Program of China(2014CB249200).
文摘With the increasing demand for clean renewable energy and electric cars,people have put forward higher requirement for the energy storage system.One of the most successful lithium-ion batteries with a cathode combination of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide(also called NCM lithium-ion battery),has been playing an increasingly important role.So far,numerous research has been done on the fabrication of cathode material with optimization of its composition,design,and assembly of the battery system in order to improve the energy storage performance.However,most of the previous studies were conducted based on relatively short cycling time of testing,with limited charge-discharge cycles of no more than 1000.Thus the conclusions were insufficient to be applied in the practical working condition.In this work,by using the developed NCM523 lithium-ion batteries,we have performed a series of ultra-long cycling tests on the individual cell and its module,with a comprehensive study on the relationship between the retained capacity after long cycling time and the depth of discharge(DOD),charge-discharge rate and operating temperature.Optimization of the charge-discharge strategies on a single cell and the whole module was also made to effectively improve the overall energy storage efficiency.This experimental study offers a guideline for the efficient use of similar types of lithium-ion batteries in the practical working condition.The developed batteries together with the optimized charge-discharge strategy proposed here are promising to meet the requirements for applications of stationary energy storage and electric cars.
文摘肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击.目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4,CTLA-4)以及T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3,Tim-3)等免疫检查点分子的靶向抗体药物研发已经取得了极大的进展,其中多种靶向PD-1和CTLA-4的抗体药物已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food andDrug Administration,FDA)批准上市,虽然有部分患者经以上药物治疗后出现完全缓解或生存期延长,但尚存在较多患者出现耐药或没有缓解病情的状况.最新的研究发现,靶向PD-1治疗的耐药患者Tim-3表达上调,Tim-3也被认为是潜在的新一代肿瘤治疗靶点,Tim-3与PD-1的靶向联合治疗有可能成为研究的热点.现就国内外靶向Tim-3药物的研究现状做一综述.
