土地利用冲突是区域土地开发利用过程中存在的客观问题,对区域经济社会发展和生态安全具有重要影响。识别、测度区域土地利用冲突,明晰其时空演化格局,有助于优化区域土地利用结构,促进土地资源的可持续利用。以重庆市为例,基于景观格...土地利用冲突是区域土地开发利用过程中存在的客观问题,对区域经济社会发展和生态安全具有重要影响。识别、测度区域土地利用冲突,明晰其时空演化格局,有助于优化区域土地利用结构,促进土地资源的可持续利用。以重庆市为例,基于景观格局构建了土地利用冲突测度模型,从县域、镇域以及格网3个尺度全面和系统地分析了1995—2020年重庆市土地利用冲突的时空演化特征,并耦合多目标规划(Multi-Objective Programming,MOP)-斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(Ptach-generating Land Use Simulation,PLUS)模拟了重庆市2030年不同发展情景下土地利用冲突格局。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年重庆市县域、镇域与格网不同尺度下的土地利用冲突格局具有较大相似性,不同尺度的土地利用重度冲突区主要分布在重庆中心城区及周边地区,区县建成区。土地利用一般冲突区主要分布于渝东南和渝东北地区。研究期内土地利用冲突有所加剧,其中土地利用重度冲突区占比增加了3.09%。(2)1995—2005年重庆市土地利用冲突区主体位于乡村地域,但冲突程度较低,随着工业化、城市化进程及人口的集聚,2005年后土地利用冲突热点区域的城市地域集聚效应显著,城市及周边地区土地利用冲突区面积和土地利用冲突度均显著提升。(3)区域土地利用冲突空间格局不仅受到了人为经济社会活动的驱动影响,在空间格局上受自然生态环境基底影响显著,其中地形地貌的限制加剧了土地利用重度冲突区。(4)不同发展情景模拟中经济优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最为严重,生态优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最小,可持续发展情景兼顾了经济和生态发展的用地需求,土地利用冲突强度处于中间范围,但区域发展总福利最大,是未来区域发展路径最优选择。展开更多
On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN...On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade IV and V. And the ratios of soil samples grade IV and V in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da'an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.展开更多
目的:探讨复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣治疗指背软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2017年6月至2020年8月,采用复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣(包含掌背动脉和皮神经)修复手指背软组织缺损患者23例。创面面积:3.8cm×2.1cm~5.3cm×3.6cm,皮瓣面积:4.0cm&...目的:探讨复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣治疗指背软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2017年6月至2020年8月,采用复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣(包含掌背动脉和皮神经)修复手指背软组织缺损患者23例。创面面积:3.8cm×2.1cm~5.3cm×3.6cm,皮瓣面积:4.0cm×2.5cm~6.0cm×4.0cm。结果:本组23例全部成活,其中3例术后2~3d内皮瓣远端出现张力性水疱,部分表皮坏死,拆除部分缝线换药后愈合;余者皮瓣及供区切口均一期愈合。随访时间3~15个月(平均6.3个月)。皮瓣颜色外观与受区周围皮肤类似,饱满无臃肿,皮瓣弹性好。皮瓣两点辨别觉8~11mm,平均9.7mm。按照总主动活动度(Total Active Movement,TAM)功能测定法评定:功能恢复为优13例,良9例,可1例。患者预后与损伤的程度相关。供区瘢痕无溃疡、触痛等并发症。结论:复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣适合用于手指背较大创面的修复;术中选择灵活性强,可避免因掌背血管或皮神经解剖变异而放弃手术;便于基层医院开展。展开更多
文摘土地利用冲突是区域土地开发利用过程中存在的客观问题,对区域经济社会发展和生态安全具有重要影响。识别、测度区域土地利用冲突,明晰其时空演化格局,有助于优化区域土地利用结构,促进土地资源的可持续利用。以重庆市为例,基于景观格局构建了土地利用冲突测度模型,从县域、镇域以及格网3个尺度全面和系统地分析了1995—2020年重庆市土地利用冲突的时空演化特征,并耦合多目标规划(Multi-Objective Programming,MOP)-斑块生成土地利用变化模拟模型(Ptach-generating Land Use Simulation,PLUS)模拟了重庆市2030年不同发展情景下土地利用冲突格局。结果表明:(1)1995—2020年重庆市县域、镇域与格网不同尺度下的土地利用冲突格局具有较大相似性,不同尺度的土地利用重度冲突区主要分布在重庆中心城区及周边地区,区县建成区。土地利用一般冲突区主要分布于渝东南和渝东北地区。研究期内土地利用冲突有所加剧,其中土地利用重度冲突区占比增加了3.09%。(2)1995—2005年重庆市土地利用冲突区主体位于乡村地域,但冲突程度较低,随着工业化、城市化进程及人口的集聚,2005年后土地利用冲突热点区域的城市地域集聚效应显著,城市及周边地区土地利用冲突区面积和土地利用冲突度均显著提升。(3)区域土地利用冲突空间格局不仅受到了人为经济社会活动的驱动影响,在空间格局上受自然生态环境基底影响显著,其中地形地貌的限制加剧了土地利用重度冲突区。(4)不同发展情景模拟中经济优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最为严重,生态优先发展情景下土地利用冲突最小,可持续发展情景兼顾了经济和生态发展的用地需求,土地利用冲突强度处于中间范围,但区域发展总福利最大,是未来区域发展路径最优选择。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40572170, 40871088 )
文摘On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da'an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter (SOM), total N (TN), total P (TP), total K (TK), available N (AN), available P (AP) and available K (AK) were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade IV and V. And the ratios of soil samples grade IV and V in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da'an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.
文摘目的:探讨复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣治疗指背软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2017年6月至2020年8月,采用复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣(包含掌背动脉和皮神经)修复手指背软组织缺损患者23例。创面面积:3.8cm×2.1cm~5.3cm×3.6cm,皮瓣面积:4.0cm×2.5cm~6.0cm×4.0cm。结果:本组23例全部成活,其中3例术后2~3d内皮瓣远端出现张力性水疱,部分表皮坏死,拆除部分缝线换药后愈合;余者皮瓣及供区切口均一期愈合。随访时间3~15个月(平均6.3个月)。皮瓣颜色外观与受区周围皮肤类似,饱满无臃肿,皮瓣弹性好。皮瓣两点辨别觉8~11mm,平均9.7mm。按照总主动活动度(Total Active Movement,TAM)功能测定法评定:功能恢复为优13例,良9例,可1例。患者预后与损伤的程度相关。供区瘢痕无溃疡、触痛等并发症。结论:复合远端蒂掌背皮瓣适合用于手指背较大创面的修复;术中选择灵活性强,可避免因掌背血管或皮神经解剖变异而放弃手术;便于基层医院开展。