In this article, a research on the characteristics and performance of water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer （WASRNF） using infrared spectroscopy （IR）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, differentia...In this article, a research on the characteristics and performance of water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer （WASRNF） using infrared spectroscopy （IR）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and thermogravimetry analysis （TGA）, was present. The results indicate that the water absorbency and nitrogen analysis of WASRNF is 103 g g^-1 and 30%, respectively, and WASRNF exhibits approximately neutral pH and very low salt index. WASRNF is a copolymer of nitrogen fertilizer and super absorbent polymer （SAP） monomers which is formed through hydrogen bond interaction, and the molecule contains hydrophilic groups, which is responsible for the absorption and water retention capacity of the molecule. WASRNF is a gel that exhibits the ability to swell, but does not dissolve in water. WASRNF shows non-homogenous nature as a whole, but in local zone it is homogenous, the copolymer molecule shows chain network that is the physical structure responsible for absorption and retention of water in WASRNF. The water retained in WASRNF exists as free and nonfreezing bound and freezing bound water states, with the free and the nonfreezing water accounting for more than 95% of water retained in WASRNF, and the nonfreezing bound water for less than 5%. WASRNF functions in delaying the release of nitrogen from it, thereby serving a novel slow release nitrogenous fertilizer.展开更多
基于虚拟隐含网络的虚假数据注入攻击(False data injection attack,FDIA)防御控制策略,本文提出了一种基于图论的拓扑优化算法来提高其防御性能.首先,提出了一种图的等效变换方法—权值分配法,实现二分图连接拓扑与二分图拉普拉斯矩阵...基于虚拟隐含网络的虚假数据注入攻击(False data injection attack,FDIA)防御控制策略,本文提出了一种基于图论的拓扑优化算法来提高其防御性能.首先,提出了一种图的等效变换方法—权值分配法,实现二分图连接拓扑与二分图拉普拉斯矩阵的一一对应;进而基于网络拓扑的连通度以及连通图的可去边理论,给出了虚拟隐含网络和二分图连接网络的拓扑选择依据;在考虑拓扑权值的基础上,给出了权值拓扑优化的指标评价函数;通过求解指标评价函数的最小化代价实现拓扑优化选择,从而改善基于虚拟隐含网络的虚假数据注入攻击防御方法的性能.最后,通过在IEEE-14总线电网系统上的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性.展开更多
文摘In this article, a research on the characteristics and performance of water-absorbent slow release nitrogen fertilizer （WASRNF） using infrared spectroscopy （IR）, scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, and thermogravimetry analysis （TGA）, was present. The results indicate that the water absorbency and nitrogen analysis of WASRNF is 103 g g^-1 and 30%, respectively, and WASRNF exhibits approximately neutral pH and very low salt index. WASRNF is a copolymer of nitrogen fertilizer and super absorbent polymer （SAP） monomers which is formed through hydrogen bond interaction, and the molecule contains hydrophilic groups, which is responsible for the absorption and water retention capacity of the molecule. WASRNF is a gel that exhibits the ability to swell, but does not dissolve in water. WASRNF shows non-homogenous nature as a whole, but in local zone it is homogenous, the copolymer molecule shows chain network that is the physical structure responsible for absorption and retention of water in WASRNF. The water retained in WASRNF exists as free and nonfreezing bound and freezing bound water states, with the free and the nonfreezing water accounting for more than 95% of water retained in WASRNF, and the nonfreezing bound water for less than 5%. WASRNF functions in delaying the release of nitrogen from it, thereby serving a novel slow release nitrogenous fertilizer.
文摘基于虚拟隐含网络的虚假数据注入攻击(False data injection attack,FDIA)防御控制策略,本文提出了一种基于图论的拓扑优化算法来提高其防御性能.首先,提出了一种图的等效变换方法—权值分配法,实现二分图连接拓扑与二分图拉普拉斯矩阵的一一对应;进而基于网络拓扑的连通度以及连通图的可去边理论,给出了虚拟隐含网络和二分图连接网络的拓扑选择依据;在考虑拓扑权值的基础上,给出了权值拓扑优化的指标评价函数;通过求解指标评价函数的最小化代价实现拓扑优化选择,从而改善基于虚拟隐含网络的虚假数据注入攻击防御方法的性能.最后,通过在IEEE-14总线电网系统上的仿真验证了所提算法的有效性.
