Cloud radiative effects （CREs） at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） in three reanalysis datasets （the Eur- opean Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts In- terim Reanalysis （ERA-Interim）, the Japanese 55-yr Re...Cloud radiative effects （CREs） at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） in three reanalysis datasets （the Eur- opean Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts In- terim Reanalysis （ERA-Interim）, the Japanese 55-yr Re- analysis Project （JRA-55）, and the Modem-Era Retro- spective Analysis for Research and Applications （MERRA）） are evaluated using recent satellite-based observations. The reanalyses can basically capture the spatial pattern of the annual mean shortwave CRE, but the global mean longwave CRE in ERA-interim and JRA55 is weaker than observed, leading to overestimations of the net CRE. Moreover, distinct CRE biases of the reanalyses occur in the Intertropical Convergence Zone （ITCZ）, coastal Pa- cific and Atlantic regions, and East Asia. Quantitative examination further indicates that the spatial correlations of CREs and TOA upward radiation fluxes with corre- sponding observations in ERA-Interim are better than in the other two reanalyses. Although MERRA has certain abilities in producing the magnitudes of global mean CREs, its performance in terms of spatial correlations in winter and summer are worse than for the other two re- analyses. The ability of JRA55 in reflecting CREs lies between the other two datasets. Compared to the global mean results, the spatial correlations of shortwave CRE in East Asia decrease and the biases of regional mean CREs increase in the three reanalyses. This implies that, cur- rently, it is still difficult to reproduce East Asian CREs based on these reanalyses. Relatively, ERA-Interim de- scribes the seasonal variation of East Asian CREs well, albeit weaker than observed. The present study also sug- gests that in-depth exploration of the ability of reanalysis data to describe aspects relating to cloud properties and rad- iation is needed usin~ more comprehensive observations.展开更多
目的:探讨多时相CTA侧支循环评分联合血浆D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原(FIB)的比值(D/F)在预测大脑中动脉闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后中的价值。方法:选择2021年10月-2024年4月在本院确诊为大脑中动脉闭塞AIS的102例住院患者作为研究对...目的:探讨多时相CTA侧支循环评分联合血浆D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原(FIB)的比值(D/F)在预测大脑中动脉闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后中的价值。方法:选择2021年10月-2024年4月在本院确诊为大脑中动脉闭塞AIS的102例住院患者作为研究对象,使用Toshiba Aqui-lion ONE 320排螺旋CT机进行头颅CT扫描。根据CT灌注成像原始图像中的动脉期、静脉期和静脉晚期定义多时相CTA。采用CTP脑灌注智能分析系统自动获得核心梗死体积和低灌注体积。采用Menon评分法(0~5分)对多时相CTA上侧支血管的情况进行评分。测量血浆D二聚体和FIB水平,计算两者比值(D/F)。根据治疗后3个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(45例)和预后不良组(57例)。采用t或χ^(2)检验对两组患者的一般资料、多时相CTA侧支循环评分、核心梗死体积和低灌注体积进行比较。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响AIS患者预后的独立危险因素。采用受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析CTA侧支循环评分及对血浆D/F预测大脑中动脉闭塞AIS患者预后的效能结果:相较于预后良好组,预后不良组患者的糖尿病患病比例显著升高(P<0.05),多时相CTA侧支循环评分显著降低(P<0.001)血浆D/F显著升高(P<0.001)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AIS患者多时相CTA侧支循环评分与血浆D/F呈显著负相关(r=-0.350,P<0.001)。多时相CTA侧支循环评分和血浆D/F单独预测AIS患者预后不良的AUC分别为0.760(95%CI:0.668~0.851,P<0.001)、0.820(95%CI:0.741~0.899,P<0.001);两者联合时AUC为0.868(95%CI:0.801~0.935,P<0.001),相应的诊断敏感度为82.5%,特异度为77.8%。结论:多时相CTA侧支循环评分联合血浆D二聚体与纤维蛋白原的比值对大脑中动脉闭塞AIS患者的预后具有一定预测价值。展开更多
基金supported jointly by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB955303 and 2013CB955803)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Ocean Project(Grant No.XDA11010402)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41175059 and 41375087)the Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)(Grant No.KLME1409)
文摘Cloud radiative effects （CREs） at the top of the atmosphere （TOA） in three reanalysis datasets （the Eur- opean Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts In- terim Reanalysis （ERA-Interim）, the Japanese 55-yr Re- analysis Project （JRA-55）, and the Modem-Era Retro- spective Analysis for Research and Applications （MERRA）） are evaluated using recent satellite-based observations. The reanalyses can basically capture the spatial pattern of the annual mean shortwave CRE, but the global mean longwave CRE in ERA-interim and JRA55 is weaker than observed, leading to overestimations of the net CRE. Moreover, distinct CRE biases of the reanalyses occur in the Intertropical Convergence Zone （ITCZ）, coastal Pa- cific and Atlantic regions, and East Asia. Quantitative examination further indicates that the spatial correlations of CREs and TOA upward radiation fluxes with corre- sponding observations in ERA-Interim are better than in the other two reanalyses. Although MERRA has certain abilities in producing the magnitudes of global mean CREs, its performance in terms of spatial correlations in winter and summer are worse than for the other two re- analyses. The ability of JRA55 in reflecting CREs lies between the other two datasets. Compared to the global mean results, the spatial correlations of shortwave CRE in East Asia decrease and the biases of regional mean CREs increase in the three reanalyses. This implies that, cur- rently, it is still difficult to reproduce East Asian CREs based on these reanalyses. Relatively, ERA-Interim de- scribes the seasonal variation of East Asian CREs well, albeit weaker than observed. The present study also sug- gests that in-depth exploration of the ability of reanalysis data to describe aspects relating to cloud properties and rad- iation is needed usin~ more comprehensive observations.
文摘目的:探讨多时相CTA侧支循环评分联合血浆D-二聚体与纤维蛋白原(FIB)的比值(D/F)在预测大脑中动脉闭塞急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者预后中的价值。方法:选择2021年10月-2024年4月在本院确诊为大脑中动脉闭塞AIS的102例住院患者作为研究对象,使用Toshiba Aqui-lion ONE 320排螺旋CT机进行头颅CT扫描。根据CT灌注成像原始图像中的动脉期、静脉期和静脉晚期定义多时相CTA。采用CTP脑灌注智能分析系统自动获得核心梗死体积和低灌注体积。采用Menon评分法(0~5分)对多时相CTA上侧支血管的情况进行评分。测量血浆D二聚体和FIB水平,计算两者比值(D/F)。根据治疗后3个月时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将患者分为预后良好组(45例)和预后不良组(57例)。采用t或χ^(2)检验对两组患者的一般资料、多时相CTA侧支循环评分、核心梗死体积和低灌注体积进行比较。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响AIS患者预后的独立危险因素。采用受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析CTA侧支循环评分及对血浆D/F预测大脑中动脉闭塞AIS患者预后的效能结果:相较于预后良好组,预后不良组患者的糖尿病患病比例显著升高(P<0.05),多时相CTA侧支循环评分显著降低(P<0.001)血浆D/F显著升高(P<0.001)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AIS患者多时相CTA侧支循环评分与血浆D/F呈显著负相关(r=-0.350,P<0.001)。多时相CTA侧支循环评分和血浆D/F单独预测AIS患者预后不良的AUC分别为0.760(95%CI:0.668~0.851,P<0.001)、0.820(95%CI:0.741~0.899,P<0.001);两者联合时AUC为0.868(95%CI:0.801~0.935,P<0.001),相应的诊断敏感度为82.5%,特异度为77.8%。结论:多时相CTA侧支循环评分联合血浆D二聚体与纤维蛋白原的比值对大脑中动脉闭塞AIS患者的预后具有一定预测价值。
