A SSR Linkage Map of Maizex Teosinte F_2 Population and Analysis of Segregation Distortion

In this study,a linkage genetic map was constructed using a F2 population derived from a cross between a elite maize inbred,B73,and its progenitor,Teosinte（Z.mays ssp.mexicana）,through 205 simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers and one morphological marker.By Mapmaker 3.0,polymorphic markers were clustered into 10 groups,covering 10 chromosomes of maizexteosinte,with a total length of 2 002.4 cM and an average interval of 9.7 cM.Genotyping errors were detected using R/QTL（LOD=2.0） in 109 markers referring to 176 individuals,distributed across all 10 chromosomes with a ratio 1.2%.Projected error loci were re-run and 304 out of the 460 were confirmed as errors and replaced.A new linkage map was constructed,in which markers maintained the same order but the total map length decreased to 1 947.8 cM,with an average interval of 9.4 cM between markers.In total,25.2%（P0.05） markers were identified to have segregation distortion,in which 34.6% deviated towards the pollination parent（B73）,30.8% deviated towards Teosinte,32.7% deviated towards heterozygote and 1.9% deviated towards both parents.This map was also compared with published maizexteosinte and maize IBM map.

Simple nonlinear model for the relationship between maize yield and cumulative water amount

Both the additive and multiplicative models of crop yield and water supply are polynomial equations, and the number of parameters increases linearly when the growing period is specified. However, interactions among multiple parameters occasionally lead to unreasonable estimations of certain parameters, which were water sensitivity coefficients but with negative value. Additionally, evapotranspiration must be measured as a model input. To facilitate the application of these models and overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, a simple model with only three parameters was derived in this paper based on certain general quantitative relations of crop yield （Y） and water supply （W）. The new model, Y/Y-W＊/（W＊＋w＊）, fits an S or a saturated curve of crop yield with the cumulative amount of water. Three parameters are related to biological factors： the yield potential （Y＊）, the water requirement to achieve half of the yield potential （half-yield water requirement, wh）, and the water sensitivity coefficient （k）. The model was validated with data from 24 maize lines obtained in the present study and 17 maize hybrids published by other authors. The results showed that the model was well fit to the data, and the normal root of the mean square error （NRMSE） values were 2.8 to 17.8% （average 7.2%） for the 24 maize lines and 2.7 to 12.7% （average 7.4%） for the 17 maize varieties. According to the present model, the maize water-sensitive stages in descending order were pollen shedding and silking, tasselling, jointing, initial grain filling, germination, middle grain filling, late grain filling, and end of grain filling. This sequence was consistent with actual observations in the maize field. The present model may be easily used to analyse the water use efficiency and drought tolerance of maize at specific stages.

Bufei Yishen granules suppress oxidative stress in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via Nrf2 signaling

OBJECTIVE To explore the antioxidant effect of Bufei Yishen granules on chronic obstructive pulmo⁃nary disease(COPD)and investigate its underlying mechanism.METHODS Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into normal,model,Bufei Yishen granules(BY)and N-acetylcysteine(NAC)groups,12 rats in each group.The stable COPD rat model was duplicated by using repeated cigarette smoke exposure combined with Klebsiella bacterial infection for 12 weeks(week 1-12),and the corresponding drugs were administered for the next 8 weeks(week 13-20).Minute volume(MV),tidal volume(TV)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were measured by whole body plethysmography(WBP)system every 4 weeks.Before sacrificed,forced vital capacity(FVC)and forced expiratory volume 0.1(FEV0.1)were measured byPFT system.The pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by pathological techniques.Heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)and Nrf2 in lung tissue were measured by immunohisto-hemical method.The total anti oxidizing capability(T-AOC),lipid peroxide(LPO)in rat serum were measured.The expression of Nrf2,HO-1 andγ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase(γ-GCS)mRNA in lung tissue was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reac⁃tion(qPCR).The protein expression of Keap1,Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS①Lung function:compared with normal group,the MV in model group was significantly decreased at week 8(P<0.01),the TV and PEF were significantly decreased at week 4(P<0.01).At week 20,compared with model group,MV,TV,and PEF in the BY and NAC groups were significantly increased(P<0.01);compared with the NAC group,MV,TV,and PEF in BY group were significantly increased(P<0.01).At the end of week 20,the FVC and FEV0.1 in model group were significantly lower than that in normal group(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the FVC and FEV0.1 in the BY and NAC groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).②Oxidative indexes:Compared with Normal group,T-AOCin serum was significantly decreased in Model group,while LPO was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the Model,T-AOC in BY and NAC groups was significantly increased(P<0.01),and the LPO was significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).There were no difference between the BTG and NAC.③Nrf2 signaling:Nrf2 and HO-1 in lung tissue were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and part of the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells.SOD1 protein was mainly distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar septa.Compared with normal group,the expression of Nrf2 in the model group was increased(P<0.01),and HO-1 and SOD1 were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model,the expression of Nrf2 in the BY group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and HO-1 and SOD1 in BY and NAC groups were both increased(P<0.01).Compared with the NAC group,the expression of HO-1 in BY group was increased(P<0.01).Compared with normal group,the Nrf2 mRNA expression of lung tissue in the model was significantly increased(P<0.01),the HO-1 andγ-GCS mRNA was decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the Nrf2,HO-1,andγ-GCS mRNA in the BY group were increased(P<0.01),the HO-1,andγ-GCS mRNA in NAC group were increased(P<0.01).Compared with normal group,the Nrf2 protein expression of lung tissue in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01),and HO-1 protein expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model,the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in NAC and BY groups was significantly increased(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Bufei Yishen gran⁃ules has beneficial curative effect in COPD rats,and has the same antioxidation effect as NAC,the mechanism may be involved in upregulating Nrf2 signaling.

材料类专业大学生创新能力培养教学方法探讨——以“材料科学基础”课程为例

材料类专业大学生创新能力的培养不仅关乎学生未来的发展,更是国家重大发展战略的需求。以“材料科学基础”课程为例,从材料类专业大学生个人、教师及学校三方面出发,探讨和分析了传统课程教学下材料类专业大学生创新能力缺乏的原因,浅谈提高材料类专业大学生创新能力的几点建议,以培养材料类专业大学生创新能力为目标,优化“材料科学基础”课程授课模式,调动学生的主动性和积极性,以期为“材料科学基础”课程教学提供借鉴。

Detection of maize tassels for UAV remote sensing image with an improved YOLOX Model

Maize tassel detection is essential for future agronomic management in maize planting and breeding,with application in yield estimation,growth monitoring,intelligent picking,and disease detection.However,detecting maize tassels in the field poses prominent challenges as they are often obscured by widespread occlusions and differ in size and morphological color at different growth stages.This study proposes the SEYOLOX-tiny Model that more accurately and robustly detects maize tassels in the field.Firstly,the data acquisition method ensures the balance between the image quality and image acquisition efficiency and obtains maize tassel images from different periods to enrich the dataset by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Moreover,the robust detection network extends YOLOX by embedding an attention mechanism to realize the extraction of critical features and suppressing the noise caused by adverse factors(e.g.,occlusions and overlaps),which could be more suitable and robust for operation in complex natural environments.Experimental results verify the research hypothesis and show a mean average precision(mAP_(@0.5)) of 95.0%.The mAP_(@0.5),mAP_(@0.5-0.95),mAP_(@0.5-0.95(area=small)),and mAP_(@0.5-0.95(area=medium)) average values increased by 1.5,1.8,5.3,and 1.7%,respectively,compared to the original model.The proposed method can effectively meet the precision and robustness requirements of the vision system in maize tassel detection.

金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ调控PI3K/Akt通路抑制TGF-β1诱导的人胚肺成纤维细胞活化

目的:探讨金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ调控PI3K/Akt通路影响成纤维细胞活化、增殖及迁移干预特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的机制。方法:以TGF-β1作用MRC-5细胞诱导其活化,采用MTT法检测细胞活力筛选药物浓度;Western Blot检测低(30.63μg/mL)、中(61.25μg/mL)、高(91.88μg/mL)浓度金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ对活化MRC-5细胞CollagenⅠ、N-cadherin、α-SMA、PCNA、p-PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达的影响;免疫荧光技术检测各组细胞CollagenⅠ、α-SMA表达;EdU法和划痕法检测金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ对活化MRC-5细胞增殖及迁移能力的影响。加入bpv(HOpic)激活PI3K/Akt通路和特异性抑制剂LY294002考察金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ调控PI3K/Akt通路对成纤维细胞活化、增殖及迁移的影响。结果:中、高浓度金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ均可抑制CollagenⅠ、N-cadherin、α-SMA、PCNA、p-PI3K、p-Akt表达,抑制MRC-5细胞的增殖和迁移能力;LY294002可增强金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ对MRC-5细胞活化、增殖和迁移的影响,bpv可抑制金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ的影响。结论:金水缓纤组分方Ⅱ调控PI3K/Akt通路抑制TGF-β1诱导的MRC-5细胞的增殖及迁移能力。

施加生物炭对某水泥用石灰岩矿山排土场生态修复试验研究

本文以冀东某水泥灰岩矿排土场为研究对象,选取面积为180m2的排土场作为试验田。采用对照实验法设置6个试验区,分别为1个自然恢复区(T1)和5个人工修复区(T2~T6),通过施加不同梯度的生物炭量,调查植被生长情况和土壤理化性质在各试验区之间的差异,了解施加不同量的生物炭对本排土场的生态修复效果。结果表明:施用1kg/m2生物炭,对植物干物质的累计及土壤全氮、有效磷和水解性氮的累计作用效果最显著(P<0.05);施用2kg/m2生物炭,对土壤中总有机碳和有机质的累计作用效果最显著(P<0.05);施用8kg/m2生物炭,对土壤中全磷、全钾和速效钾的累计作用效果最显著(P<0.05);施用1~2kg/m2生物炭,最利于植物的生长。

东海中南部日本鲭种群分析

东海中南部日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)为中国和日本共同利用的商业性种类,是中日渔业协定暂定措施水域内的主要洄游分布种。为科学评估与管理该区域的日本鲭资源群体,对其种群属性进行了判别。本文以东海中南部海域(26°15'~29°15'N、122°45'~126°45'E)的日本鲭繁殖群体为研究样本,分别采用外部形态判别和分子遗传鉴定的方法,判别日本鲭种群属性。结果显示,研究区域采样点间日本鲭群体的形态特征显示分散状态,外部形态判别方法无法判断种群属性,而利用分子遗传方法可判别研究区域的日本鲭属于同一种群。研究认为,东海分布的日本鲭群体的发育初期可能处于不同生境,而源于不同产卵场的混合群体是导致无法利用外部形态判别种群属性的原因。东海中南部的日本鲭应视为同一资源评估单元。该研究提供了东海海域的日本鲭是一个种群的新证据。

基于鱼卵仔鱼数据的东海中南部日本鲭产卵场分析

利用2016年4—5月在东海中南部海域的调查数据,对该海域日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)鱼卵仔鱼的分布特征进行了研究,并对产卵场的划分展开讨论及提出保护措施和管理建议。结果显示:4月,日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼主要出现在台湾海峡和东海南部海域,出现率均大于25%,但仔鱼在东海南部外海的出现率和丰度均较低,分别为5.00%和0.01个·100m-3。5月,日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼在台湾海峡的出现率和丰度均显著降低,分别下降至5.88%和0.22个·100m^-3;东海南部外海日本鲭鱼卵仔鱼的出现率和丰度则均显著升高,分别升至50%和36.48个·100m^-3,其中鱼卵集中出现在南部外海,出现率和丰度分别达到了40%和36.46个·100m^-3;东海中部外海从5月开始出现日本鲭鱼卵和仔鱼。结合历史资料,可以判断东海中南部日本鲭产卵场主要有台湾海峡、东海中南部近海、东海南部外海、东海中部外海等4个。日本鲭鱼卵丰度与表层水温呈显著相关关系(R=0.37,P<0.05),与表层盐度无显著相关关系(P>0.05);仔鱼丰度与表层水温及表层盐度均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。结果表明,水温对日本鲭的产卵活动影响较大,随着水温的逐步升高,性腺发育速度加快,开始产卵的亲体数量也大量增加,这从鱼卵仔鱼的数量大量增加得以体现;而盐度变化对日本鲭的产卵活动影响相对较小。针对日本鲭不同的产卵场,建议制定差异化的繁殖亲体和幼鱼保护措施。

长江口近岸水域小黄鱼仔稚鱼时空分布和生长特征

利用2015年4-7月共6个航次在长江口近岸水域的调查数据,对该水域小黄鱼仔稚鱼的时空分布和生长变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:小黄鱼仔稚鱼的平均出现率为51.85%,以6月中旬最高,4月中旬次之,7月中旬最低,S断面的平均出现率明显大于N断面;站位总平均丰度为3.27尾·100-1·m^(-3),以5月中旬最高,5月上旬次之,7月中旬最低,S断面小于N断面。S断面的出现率较高,N断面的高丰度站位随时间的推移向外海转移。总体来看,30 m以浅水域的丰度先升高后降低,5月中旬达到峰值;30 m以深水域的丰度随时间推移逐渐下降;丰度随水深增加而减小。根据仔稚鱼不同发育期在各时间段所占的百分比,把其生长发育过程分为仔鱼期、仔稚鱼期和稚幼鱼期等3个阶段,相对应的时间段分别为4月中旬至5月上旬、5月中旬至6月上旬和6月中旬至7月中旬。春末夏初,河口水域快速上升的水温以及由冲淡水增强形成的低盐环境有利于提高仔稚鱼的存活率,增强其对环境的适应能力。

基于隐结构结合灰色关联探讨中医古籍咳嗽病辨治规律

目的:探究中医古籍医案中辨治咳嗽的证候分布和用药规律。方法:以古籍中医肺病数据库中9323例咳嗽医案为数据源,采用Lantern4.3构建症状隐结构模型,再根据诠释结果提取证候进而结合灰色关联挖掘证药规律,最后对挖掘结果进行分析讨论。结果:频次>100的症状有70种303味中药,咳嗽伴发症状有气喘、咯痰、胸闷、气逆、气促,症状隐结构模型得到30个隐变量,含63个隐类,提取6类证型和每类证型的主症,结合灰色关联得到6组常用药组。结论:咳嗽常见证型有风燥犯肺、风寒犯肺、脾胃虚弱、痰湿阻肺、痰热壅肺、肺气阴两虚证,6类证型中常用中药有沙参、桂枝、杏仁、半夏、浙贝母、人参,对应方剂有桑杏汤、桂枝汤、参苓白术散、二陈汤、清金化痰汤、沙参麦冬汤等。与教材相比新发现脾胃虚弱证。本文对咳嗽证候演变和证药灰色关联的挖掘进行了探索,为新处方的发现提供方法学参考。

现代名老中医哮病诊疗证候特点的文献研究

目的:基于现代百余年名老中医诊治哮病的文献,分析哮病常见证候及其临床特征,为临床辨证提供理论依据。方法:基于已建立的"现代名老中医肺病数据库"和"期刊中医肺病数据库",检索相关文献建立"现代名老中医诊治哮病文献研究数据库",利用EXCEL2007、SPSS 20. 0软件,采用频数描述、因子分析与聚类分析等方法进行分析。结果:筛选出哮病证候56种,频率≥3. 5%的证候13种,即痰热壅肺证、痰湿阻肺证、风寒袭肺证、痰饮停肺证、肺气虚证、肺肾两虚证、冷哮证、脾气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、热哮证、寒饮停肺证和肺脾气虚证。对常见症状做因子分析与聚类分析,推断出常见证候8种,即痰热壅肺证、风寒袭肺证、肺气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、肺脾气虚证、阳虚证。据此,总结出哮病的常见证候6种:痰热壅肺证、风寒袭肺证、肺气虚证、肺阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、肺脾气虚证。结论:本研究结果中肺阴虚证和脾肾阳虚证在现存教材及以往相关研究中少见,值得进一步讨论。

基于三视图几何约束的摄像机相对位姿估计

针对从影像中恢复摄像机位姿的问题,提出基于三视图几何约束的位姿估计算法.利用强制选择机制对影像进行特征点提取,通过光流法和前后向误差实现相邻三帧影像的特征点匹配;推导基于本质矩阵优化分解的位姿估计,利用对极几何约束构建目标函数,通过迭代优化确定旋转矩阵的唯一解,优化了唯一解的确定方法,提高了相对位姿估计效率,得到第1、2摄像机矩阵;基于三视图的几何约束关系,由三焦点张量和匹配特征点建立目标函数,由迭代过程得到第3摄像机相对于第1摄像机的位姿参数.结果表明,提出算法的鲁棒性、精度以及算法效率均优于传统算法,能够快速、准确地估计摄像机相对位姿,可以实现对旋翼无人机的轨迹跟踪.

工程教育认证背景下国际化人才培养模式的探索与实践——以南京理工大学环境工程专业为例

在工程教育认证的背景下,通过教育教学改革,培养出国际化专业人才,是南京理工大学环境工程专业目前正在探索实践的一项重要工作。本文从国际化师资队伍的建设、课程体系的优化、开拓联合培养项目以及特色导师制等四个方面开展了国际化人才培养模式的探索,经过三年的实践形成了具有专业特色的国际化人才培养模式。

基于现代名老中医经验的弥漫性间质性肺疾病症方药对应分析

目的分析现代名老中医在弥漫性间质性肺疾病诊治方面的文献资料,探讨弥漫性间质性肺疾病常见临床症状与方药之间的关系,以期为弥漫性间质性肺疾病临床诊治及用药提供依据。方法筛选现代名老中医治疗弥漫性间质性肺疾病的经验,建立新的《现代名老中医诊治弥漫性间质性肺疾病文献研究数据库》,进而采用统计分析软件SPSS20.0对弥漫性间质性肺疾病症状和中药关系进行对应分析。结果弥漫性间质性肺疾病的核心症状有咳痰、咳嗽、短气、气喘、消瘦、疲乏、胸闷、自汗、食欲不振、动则喘甚。症状与中药对应较高关系有咳嗽与甘草、川贝母关系密切;胸闷与茯苓、杏仁关系密切;食欲不振、动则喘甚与白术关系密切,尤其是食欲不振与白术几乎重叠,关系极为密切;短气、消瘦、疲乏与黄芪、丹参、川芎、当归密切相关;口干渴、发热与沙参、麦门冬、黄芩密切相关。结论弥漫性间质性肺疾病的症状与中药具有一定的相关性。

丝瓜新品种早冠丝瓜408的选育

早冠丝瓜408是以S4为母本,以X08为父本配制而成的丝瓜一代杂种。熟性极早,春季栽培从播种至始收60~62d(天);植株蔓生,生长势和分枝性强;主蔓第5~8节着生第1朵雌花;果实长圆筒形,先端较圆,果皮绿色,单果质量0.4~0.8kg,果实纵径40~49 cm,横径3.8~4.1 cm,每667 m^2前期产量为1 100 kg左右,总产量可达3 200 kg左右。田间抗白粉病、霜毒病、疫病的能力强于对照亚华早丝瓜,适合长江流域及湖南地区早春大棚和露地栽培。

丝瓜新品种雁白2号的选育

雁白2号是以S16为母本,以S18为父本配制而成的白皮丝瓜一代杂种。植株生长势强,熟性早,第1雌花着生于第7～11节,从定植到采收30 d(天)左右。果实为筒形,纵径19～21 cm,横径5.9～6.2 cm,瓜条匀称,单瓜质量250 g左右;瓜外皮白绿色,果肉白色,肉质酥软,口感好。每667 m^2产量5 200 kg左右,田间对白粉病、霜霉病、疫病的抗性强于对照新秀,适合在湖南、湖北、江西等地区栽培。

辣椒秋延设施栽培品种比较试验

为筛选适合衡阳地区秋延设施栽培的辣椒品种,2018—2019年连续2 a选用湖南省蔬菜研究所选育的博辣和兴蔬系列7个品种,以衡阳市蔬菜研究所筛选的丰源3号辣椒作对照,在衡阳市蔬菜研究所试验地进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,供试7个品种的产量均比对照高,以兴蔬215的产量最高,达4199 kg/667m^2,比对照高16.96%;其他品种比对照高4.65%~15.71%。各参试品种的果实光泽度好,味辣,口感好,抗病抗逆性强,均可作为衡阳地区不同市场需求的秋延设施栽培推广品种。

辣椒新品种雁丰1号的选育

雁丰1号是以HY31为母本,以9912-3为父本配制而成的早熟线椒一代杂种。株高50 cm左右,开展度55 cm,始花节位为第10节,单株结果 38～40个,果实线形,纵径20 cm,横径1.8 cm,肉厚0.23 cm,单果质量21 g左右,青熟果浅绿色,老熟果鲜红色,果实味辣,品质好,一般每667 m^2产量2 000 kg左右,田间对辣椒病毒病、炭疽病、疫病的抗性强于对照丰辣3号,适合湖南、江西等地保护地和露地栽培。

从海昏侯墓出土虫草看汉代虫草贸易

从海昏侯墓出土虫草看,虫草食用史至少有2000多年,其滋补功效在出产地的认知史应当更为悠久,青藏东部缘边地带和中原内地的虫草贸易起源甚早,西羌、西南夷及氐人世居之地的文明发展程度与正史所载当有较大差异。朝贡、关市交易是虫草贸易的主要方式,汉族商人、羌夷商贩及内徙羌夷都有可能从事虫草贸易。今河湟地区、甘南草原及川西地区与关中、成都平原之间都有相对固定的交通路线,虫草贸易借助这些通道得以实现。汉代的皇室、诸侯王、列侯及豪族等权贵阶层应当是虫草的主要消费群体。