Brittle structures in rock of different ages can be used to establish the tectonic evolution of an orogenic belt through paleostress calculations. Micangshan is located at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic b...Brittle structures in rock of different ages can be used to establish the tectonic evolution of an orogenic belt through paleostress calculations. Micangshan is located at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt, between the SE-trending Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt and the arcuate Dabashan thrust-and-fold belt. Structural observations revealed that the dominant structures are reverse and strike-slip faults and folds with E-W and NE-SE trends. To increase knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Micangshan anticlinorium, faults, joints, veins, and folds were measured at more than eighty sites. On the basis of structural analysis, it emerged that the multiphase paleostress fields became established after the oblique collision between the North and South China plates. The earliest stress field with N-S compression was established during the Micangshan uplift associated with the E-W trending faults and folds. Subsequently, a N-S extension occurred when the Qinling orogenic belt collapsed. Then NW-SE compression developed, with NE trending faults and folds forming in relation to Longmenshan thrusting toward southwest on the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. With the development of the arcuate Dabashan orogenic belt, the compression stress orientation of the Micangshan anticlinorium altered from NE-SW to E-W.展开更多
综合利用露头构造解析、地震剖面解释、锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和沉降-沉积等资料,对川西-龙门山盆山系统沿走向的构造变形、差异隆升-剥蚀和沉积记录进行系统梳理,探讨龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地系统的走向差异演化特征及其关键构...综合利用露头构造解析、地震剖面解释、锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和沉降-沉积等资料,对川西-龙门山盆山系统沿走向的构造变形、差异隆升-剥蚀和沉积记录进行系统梳理,探讨龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地系统的走向差异演化特征及其关键构造变革期。受控于本身的地质结构差异及周缘多个构造带的多期交互作用,龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地在构造、隆升和沉积等方面都表现出明显的走向差异。龙门山冲断带自北向南总体上具有韧性减弱、脆性增强、构造定型时间变新的趋势,龙门山北段和盆地北部定型于燕山期,而龙门山中、南段和盆地南部定型于喜马拉雅期。中生代期间,龙门山北段隆升较快;而新生代期间,龙门山中、南段隆升较快。川西前陆盆地同样表现出南北差异隆升的特点,北部隆升较早,大约在45 Ma B.P.;而南部隆升较晚,在20~25 Ma B.P.。川西(北)前陆盆地的沉降中心经历了4次明显的迁移,即从晚三叠世的龙门山中段前缘向东北迁移,中侏罗世到大巴山-米仓山前缘,晚侏罗世-早白垩世向西迁移至米仓山-龙门山北段前缘,于晚白垩世-新生代期间再次向南迁移到龙门山中-南段前缘。龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地的走向差异演化表现为印支期向南递进扩展、燕山早-中期南北分异和燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期北隆南降。龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地经历了晚三叠世、中侏罗世、早白垩世和古近纪4个关键构造变革期。晚三叠世构造变革期包括龙门山水下隆起和海相前陆盆地(马鞍塘组上部至小塘子组)、龙门山局部隆升和海陆过渡相前陆盆地(须家河组第二至第三段)以及龙门山全面隆升和陆相前陆盆地(须家河组第四至第五段)三大阶段,主要受控于扬子构造域并受秦岭构造域的强烈影响。中侏罗世构造变革表现为扬子构造域向秦岭构造域的转变;早白垩世构造变革表现为秦岭构造域向青藏高原构造域的转变;古近纪构造变革表现为川西前陆盆地由沉积向剥蚀状态的转变。展开更多
40 Ma B.P."原青藏高原"的提出使得青藏高原的早期隆升历史受到越来越多的关注,但其向东的延伸情况不明。青藏高原东缘若尔盖高原、龙门山冲断带和四川盆地有机地构建了一个完整的原-山-盆体系,成为揭示青藏高原隆升和生长的...40 Ma B.P."原青藏高原"的提出使得青藏高原的早期隆升历史受到越来越多的关注,但其向东的延伸情况不明。青藏高原东缘若尔盖高原、龙门山冲断带和四川盆地有机地构建了一个完整的原-山-盆体系,成为揭示青藏高原隆升和生长的理想场所,而位于高原内部若尔盖地块的红参1井更为此提供了宝贵素材。基于红参1井的构造恢复和低温热年代学研究结果,结合区域上已有的低温热年代学和古高程数据,提出青藏高原东缘在早新生代印-亚大陆碰撞之前就已形成了高原,称之为若尔盖古高原,并从基底构造属性、构造变形、地壳缩短与增厚、沉积记录等方面对其进行了论证。红参1井钻井剖面构造恢复结果揭示所钻遇7 000余米的三叠系复理石层系实际上有46%的厚度是由构造重复所致,连同广泛发育的晚三叠世埃达克质花岗岩以及利用中性岩浆岩Sr/Y比值估算的地壳厚度,共同表明青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜地区在晚三叠世就已发生了实质性的地壳加厚。红参1井多重低温热年代学[锆石(U-Th)/He,磷灰石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He]测试结果揭示若尔盖地块分别在白垩纪中期(约120 Ma B.P.和约80 Ma B.P.)经历了2次快速的冷却事件,累计剥蚀厚度达5 km,之后转入极其缓慢的冷却过程,暗示其已进入高原化阶段;而在整个新生代期间处于近乎"零"剥蚀的状态而被动地抬升到现今高度(不同于常见的山脉隆升,地块隆升代表了一定范围的区域整体抬升)。因此,青藏高原东部若尔盖地块最晚在白垩纪末期就已形成高原,即若尔盖古高原,其范围可能包括三叠系复理石层系覆盖的大部分松潘-甘孜地区,并可能向西与羌塘古高原相连,构成羌塘-若尔盖古高原。若尔盖古高原的形成不仅造成四川盆地西缘在白垩纪中期出现了重要的物源转变,更重要的是加剧了青藏高原东缘白垩纪气候干旱化,出现了大量沙漠沉积和膏盐沉积。若尔盖古高原的发现不仅有助于深化对青藏高原隆升和生长过程的理解,也将引发对青藏高原形成机制的重新思考以及对其气候-环境-资源效应的关注。展开更多
基金the China Geological Survey Program (Grant No.1212011220748 and 1212011220761)the Project of the National Natural Science Foudation of China (Grant No.40802049)
文摘Brittle structures in rock of different ages can be used to establish the tectonic evolution of an orogenic belt through paleostress calculations. Micangshan is located at the southern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt, between the SE-trending Longmenshan fold-and-thrust belt and the arcuate Dabashan thrust-and-fold belt. Structural observations revealed that the dominant structures are reverse and strike-slip faults and folds with E-W and NE-SE trends. To increase knowledge of the tectonic evolution of the Micangshan anticlinorium, faults, joints, veins, and folds were measured at more than eighty sites. On the basis of structural analysis, it emerged that the multiphase paleostress fields became established after the oblique collision between the North and South China plates. The earliest stress field with N-S compression was established during the Micangshan uplift associated with the E-W trending faults and folds. Subsequently, a N-S extension occurred when the Qinling orogenic belt collapsed. Then NW-SE compression developed, with NE trending faults and folds forming in relation to Longmenshan thrusting toward southwest on the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. With the development of the arcuate Dabashan orogenic belt, the compression stress orientation of the Micangshan anticlinorium altered from NE-SW to E-W.
文摘综合利用露头构造解析、地震剖面解释、锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄和沉降-沉积等资料,对川西-龙门山盆山系统沿走向的构造变形、差异隆升-剥蚀和沉积记录进行系统梳理,探讨龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地系统的走向差异演化特征及其关键构造变革期。受控于本身的地质结构差异及周缘多个构造带的多期交互作用,龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地在构造、隆升和沉积等方面都表现出明显的走向差异。龙门山冲断带自北向南总体上具有韧性减弱、脆性增强、构造定型时间变新的趋势,龙门山北段和盆地北部定型于燕山期,而龙门山中、南段和盆地南部定型于喜马拉雅期。中生代期间,龙门山北段隆升较快;而新生代期间,龙门山中、南段隆升较快。川西前陆盆地同样表现出南北差异隆升的特点,北部隆升较早,大约在45 Ma B.P.;而南部隆升较晚,在20~25 Ma B.P.。川西(北)前陆盆地的沉降中心经历了4次明显的迁移,即从晚三叠世的龙门山中段前缘向东北迁移,中侏罗世到大巴山-米仓山前缘,晚侏罗世-早白垩世向西迁移至米仓山-龙门山北段前缘,于晚白垩世-新生代期间再次向南迁移到龙门山中-南段前缘。龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地的走向差异演化表现为印支期向南递进扩展、燕山早-中期南北分异和燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期北隆南降。龙门山冲断带和川西前陆盆地经历了晚三叠世、中侏罗世、早白垩世和古近纪4个关键构造变革期。晚三叠世构造变革期包括龙门山水下隆起和海相前陆盆地(马鞍塘组上部至小塘子组)、龙门山局部隆升和海陆过渡相前陆盆地(须家河组第二至第三段)以及龙门山全面隆升和陆相前陆盆地(须家河组第四至第五段)三大阶段,主要受控于扬子构造域并受秦岭构造域的强烈影响。中侏罗世构造变革表现为扬子构造域向秦岭构造域的转变;早白垩世构造变革表现为秦岭构造域向青藏高原构造域的转变;古近纪构造变革表现为川西前陆盆地由沉积向剥蚀状态的转变。
文摘40 Ma B.P."原青藏高原"的提出使得青藏高原的早期隆升历史受到越来越多的关注,但其向东的延伸情况不明。青藏高原东缘若尔盖高原、龙门山冲断带和四川盆地有机地构建了一个完整的原-山-盆体系,成为揭示青藏高原隆升和生长的理想场所,而位于高原内部若尔盖地块的红参1井更为此提供了宝贵素材。基于红参1井的构造恢复和低温热年代学研究结果,结合区域上已有的低温热年代学和古高程数据,提出青藏高原东缘在早新生代印-亚大陆碰撞之前就已形成了高原,称之为若尔盖古高原,并从基底构造属性、构造变形、地壳缩短与增厚、沉积记录等方面对其进行了论证。红参1井钻井剖面构造恢复结果揭示所钻遇7 000余米的三叠系复理石层系实际上有46%的厚度是由构造重复所致,连同广泛发育的晚三叠世埃达克质花岗岩以及利用中性岩浆岩Sr/Y比值估算的地壳厚度,共同表明青藏高原东部松潘-甘孜地区在晚三叠世就已发生了实质性的地壳加厚。红参1井多重低温热年代学[锆石(U-Th)/He,磷灰石裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He]测试结果揭示若尔盖地块分别在白垩纪中期(约120 Ma B.P.和约80 Ma B.P.)经历了2次快速的冷却事件,累计剥蚀厚度达5 km,之后转入极其缓慢的冷却过程,暗示其已进入高原化阶段;而在整个新生代期间处于近乎"零"剥蚀的状态而被动地抬升到现今高度(不同于常见的山脉隆升,地块隆升代表了一定范围的区域整体抬升)。因此,青藏高原东部若尔盖地块最晚在白垩纪末期就已形成高原,即若尔盖古高原,其范围可能包括三叠系复理石层系覆盖的大部分松潘-甘孜地区,并可能向西与羌塘古高原相连,构成羌塘-若尔盖古高原。若尔盖古高原的形成不仅造成四川盆地西缘在白垩纪中期出现了重要的物源转变,更重要的是加剧了青藏高原东缘白垩纪气候干旱化,出现了大量沙漠沉积和膏盐沉积。若尔盖古高原的发现不仅有助于深化对青藏高原隆升和生长过程的理解,也将引发对青藏高原形成机制的重新思考以及对其气候-环境-资源效应的关注。
