Microorganisms are nutritious resources for various soil fauna.Although soil fauna grazing affects microorganism composition and decomposition rate,the responses of soil fauna and leaf litter decomposition to added mi...Microorganisms are nutritious resources for various soil fauna.Although soil fauna grazing affects microorganism composition and decomposition rate,the responses of soil fauna and leaf litter decomposition to added microorganism is little understood.In this study,in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of Tahe County in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains,China,three sampling sites(each has an area of 10 m2) were selected.The first two sites were sprinkled with 250 times(EM1) and 1000 times(EM2) diluted effective microorganism(EM) preparations evenly,and the third site was sprinkled with the same volume of water as a control site.The responses of soil fauna structure and leaf litter decomposition to EM treatment were conducted during three years.The results revealed that EM treatment resulted in significant increase of soil organic matter.The number of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites increased by 12.88% and 2.23% compared to the control site,and among them springtails and mites showed the highest increase.However,the groups of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites decreased by 6 and 9,respectively.And the changes in the diversity and evenness index were relatively complicated.EM treatment slowed the decomposition of broad-leaved litter,but accelerated the decomposition of coniferous litter.However,the decomposition rate of broad-leaved litter was still higher than that of coniferous litter.The results of this study suggested that the added microorganisms could help individual growth of soil fauna,and this method led to a change in the process of leaf litter decomposition.This paper did not analyze the activity of soil microorganisms,thus it is difficult to clearly explain the complex relationships among litter type,soil fauna and soil microorganisms.Further research on this subject is needed.展开更多
在可再生能源电场并网点处增设统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC),能够在不改变新能源发电装置原有控制的前提下使其具备传统同步发电机的频率和电压支撑能力,可以认为是一种提高可再生能源并网稳定性的有效...在可再生能源电场并网点处增设统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC),能够在不改变新能源发电装置原有控制的前提下使其具备传统同步发电机的频率和电压支撑能力,可以认为是一种提高可再生能源并网稳定性的有效措施。为此,主要研究UPQC的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及特性,该方案仅需在可再生能源电场出口处进行外部改造。首先介绍了接入新能源场站的UPQC输电系统运行方案,在此基础上建立了该系统的功率数学模型,设计了基于UPQC的虚拟同步发电机控制策略;然后阐述了不同工况下UPQC内部功率流动机理,探讨了影响串、并联变流器视在功率的限制因素,并进一步设计了在特定情况下的系统容量参数指标。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建了UPQC的输电模型并进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可以实现UPQC的虚拟同步化控制。展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41071033,41101049)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012M511361)
文摘Microorganisms are nutritious resources for various soil fauna.Although soil fauna grazing affects microorganism composition and decomposition rate,the responses of soil fauna and leaf litter decomposition to added microorganism is little understood.In this study,in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest of Tahe County in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains,China,three sampling sites(each has an area of 10 m2) were selected.The first two sites were sprinkled with 250 times(EM1) and 1000 times(EM2) diluted effective microorganism(EM) preparations evenly,and the third site was sprinkled with the same volume of water as a control site.The responses of soil fauna structure and leaf litter decomposition to EM treatment were conducted during three years.The results revealed that EM treatment resulted in significant increase of soil organic matter.The number of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites increased by 12.88% and 2.23% compared to the control site,and among them springtails and mites showed the highest increase.However,the groups of soil fauna in the EM1 and EM2 sites decreased by 6 and 9,respectively.And the changes in the diversity and evenness index were relatively complicated.EM treatment slowed the decomposition of broad-leaved litter,but accelerated the decomposition of coniferous litter.However,the decomposition rate of broad-leaved litter was still higher than that of coniferous litter.The results of this study suggested that the added microorganisms could help individual growth of soil fauna,and this method led to a change in the process of leaf litter decomposition.This paper did not analyze the activity of soil microorganisms,thus it is difficult to clearly explain the complex relationships among litter type,soil fauna and soil microorganisms.Further research on this subject is needed.
文摘在可再生能源电场并网点处增设统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC),能够在不改变新能源发电装置原有控制的前提下使其具备传统同步发电机的频率和电压支撑能力,可以认为是一种提高可再生能源并网稳定性的有效措施。为此,主要研究UPQC的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及特性,该方案仅需在可再生能源电场出口处进行外部改造。首先介绍了接入新能源场站的UPQC输电系统运行方案,在此基础上建立了该系统的功率数学模型,设计了基于UPQC的虚拟同步发电机控制策略;然后阐述了不同工况下UPQC内部功率流动机理,探讨了影响串、并联变流器视在功率的限制因素,并进一步设计了在特定情况下的系统容量参数指标。最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建了UPQC的输电模型并进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提控制策略可以实现UPQC的虚拟同步化控制。
