为探讨旅游干扰下山地景区水蚀强度和经济损失变化规律,以水蚀典型区——西白杨沟流域山地景区为案例地,基于样地调查数据,采用中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)与水蚀经济损失评估模型,定量估算不同旅游干扰强度下...为探讨旅游干扰下山地景区水蚀强度和经济损失变化规律,以水蚀典型区——西白杨沟流域山地景区为案例地,基于样地调查数据,采用中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)与水蚀经济损失评估模型,定量估算不同旅游干扰强度下水蚀经济损失,分析西白杨沟景区水蚀经济损失变化规律及其与土壤理化性质、植被覆盖度的关系。结果表明:不同旅游干扰强度下土壤理化性质、植被覆盖度差异显著。与对照组相比,重度干扰区土壤含水量、饱和含水量及土壤孔隙度的降幅分别为51.67%、32.23%、13.30%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷及有机质含量均随干扰强度增加呈下降趋势,而速效钾含量却趋于增加;与对照组相比,轻度、中度、重度干扰区植被覆盖度分别下降14.18%、43.32%、92.35%。随旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤可蚀性K值与生物措施B值明显增加,土壤侵蚀量呈显著增长趋势(P<0.05),与轻度干扰区相比,中度、重度干扰区土壤侵蚀模数增幅分别为79.31%、204.79%。场内经济损失、场外经济损失及水蚀经济总损失随干扰强度的增加呈上升趋势,其中场内经济损失远大于场外经济损失,土壤养分损失及植被多样性损失作为水蚀经济总损失的主要部分,二者在轻度、中度、重度干扰区分别占水蚀经济总损失的93.56%、92.68%、94.94%,且干扰强度为中度、重度时,植被多样性损失高于土壤养分损失,分别达1.17×104元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)和2.49×104元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)。植被覆盖度对水蚀经济损失响应最为敏感,植被覆盖度每减少1%,水蚀经济损失增加4.98×104元。研究表明,旅游干扰强度是影响山地景区水蚀强度和经济损失的关键因素,为此应结合土壤侵蚀参数分析,加强山地景区土体裸露化管理,种植耐践踏植被,核算旅游容量,控制旅游干扰强度。展开更多
To measure the contribution of root respiration (Rr) to total soil respiration (Rt) in arid cotton fields, eighteen plots, nine for girdling and nine control, were built in an arid cotton field in the Aksu National Ex...To measure the contribution of root respiration (Rr) to total soil respiration (Rt) in arid cotton fields, eighteen plots, nine for girdling and nine control, were built in an arid cotton field in the Aksu National Experimental Station of Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, Xinjiang of China. Given the difference of soil respiration between girdled plots and non-girdled control plots, the components of soil respiration, root respiration (Rr) and respiration originating from decomposition (Rd) were divided. The temperature sensitivities of R r and R d were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the average contribution of R r to R t in arid cotton field was about 32% during the study period. The temperature-response curve of R r differed from that of Rd . The dynamic variation of R d was more related to the change of soil temperature as compared to Rr . Rr and Rd had different responses to the variation of environment, and thus new models capable of differentiating between Rr and Rd are needed for evaluating the different factors controlling these two components of soil respiration in arid cotton field.展开更多
文摘为探讨旅游干扰下山地景区水蚀强度和经济损失变化规律,以水蚀典型区——西白杨沟流域山地景区为案例地,基于样地调查数据,采用中国土壤流失方程(Chinese soil loss equation,CSLE)与水蚀经济损失评估模型,定量估算不同旅游干扰强度下水蚀经济损失,分析西白杨沟景区水蚀经济损失变化规律及其与土壤理化性质、植被覆盖度的关系。结果表明:不同旅游干扰强度下土壤理化性质、植被覆盖度差异显著。与对照组相比,重度干扰区土壤含水量、饱和含水量及土壤孔隙度的降幅分别为51.67%、32.23%、13.30%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷及有机质含量均随干扰强度增加呈下降趋势,而速效钾含量却趋于增加;与对照组相比,轻度、中度、重度干扰区植被覆盖度分别下降14.18%、43.32%、92.35%。随旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤可蚀性K值与生物措施B值明显增加,土壤侵蚀量呈显著增长趋势(P<0.05),与轻度干扰区相比,中度、重度干扰区土壤侵蚀模数增幅分别为79.31%、204.79%。场内经济损失、场外经济损失及水蚀经济总损失随干扰强度的增加呈上升趋势,其中场内经济损失远大于场外经济损失,土壤养分损失及植被多样性损失作为水蚀经济总损失的主要部分,二者在轻度、中度、重度干扰区分别占水蚀经济总损失的93.56%、92.68%、94.94%,且干扰强度为中度、重度时,植被多样性损失高于土壤养分损失,分别达1.17×104元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)和2.49×104元·hm^(-2)·a^(-1)。植被覆盖度对水蚀经济损失响应最为敏感,植被覆盖度每减少1%,水蚀经济损失增加4.98×104元。研究表明,旅游干扰强度是影响山地景区水蚀强度和经济损失的关键因素,为此应结合土壤侵蚀参数分析,加强山地景区土体裸露化管理,种植耐践踏植被,核算旅游容量,控制旅游干扰强度。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31000208 and 40830640)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China(No.2009CB421302)
文摘To measure the contribution of root respiration (Rr) to total soil respiration (Rt) in arid cotton fields, eighteen plots, nine for girdling and nine control, were built in an arid cotton field in the Aksu National Experimental Station of Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, Xinjiang of China. Given the difference of soil respiration between girdled plots and non-girdled control plots, the components of soil respiration, root respiration (Rr) and respiration originating from decomposition (Rd) were divided. The temperature sensitivities of R r and R d were analyzed, respectively. The results showed that the average contribution of R r to R t in arid cotton field was about 32% during the study period. The temperature-response curve of R r differed from that of Rd . The dynamic variation of R d was more related to the change of soil temperature as compared to Rr . Rr and Rd had different responses to the variation of environment, and thus new models capable of differentiating between Rr and Rd are needed for evaluating the different factors controlling these two components of soil respiration in arid cotton field.
