我国脱贫攻坚政策的变迁及其与乡村振兴战略的衔接

在巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的关键时期,厘清我国脱贫攻坚政策的发展脉络与内在逻辑,对于系统回顾我国减贫历程、总结脱贫攻坚经验、启示未来乡村发展具有重要的价值与意义。文本以2013—2020年中央政府出台的脱贫攻坚政策为研究对象,通过挖掘法总结我国脱贫攻坚政策变迁特点与实践经验得出的启示是,面向未来,有必要从政策内容要更加注重统筹兼顾与城乡融合、政策对象要更加明确分层分类与因地施策、政策主体要更加重视协同治理与多元合作、政策思路更加转向造血帮扶与长效机制等四个方面来强化脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略相关政策的衔接。

Wing patterning genes of Nilaparvata lugens identification by transcriptome analysis, and their differential expression profile in wing pads between brachypterous and macropterous morphs

The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens is an economically important pest on rice plants. This species produces macropterous and brachypterous morphs in response to environmental cues, which makes it very dififcult to control. The molecular basis of wing patterning in N. lugens is stil unknown. It is necessary to identify wing patterning genes of N. lugens, and also to clarify the expression differences of wing patterning genes between macropterous and brachypter-ous morphs. High-throughput deep sequencing of transcriptome of N. lugens wing pad yielded 116 744 580 raw reads and 113 042 700 clean reads. Al the reads were assembled into 55 963 unigenes with an average length of 804 bp. With the E-value cut-off of 1.0E–5,18 359 and 2 883 unigens had hits in NCBI-NR (NCBI non-redundant protein sequences) and NCBI-NT (NCBI nucleotide sequences) databases, respectively. A total of 16 502 unigenes were assigned to GO (gene ontology) classiifcation, 9 709 ungenes were grouped into 26 COG (cluster of orthologous groups of proteins) classiifcations, and 6 724 unigenes were assigned to different KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) path-ways. In total, 56 unigenes which are homologous to wing patterning genes of Drosophila melanogaster or Tribolium castaneum were identiifed. Out of the 56 unigenes, 24 unigenes were selected, and their expression levels across the ifve nymphal stages between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain were examined by qRT-PCR. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that development stage had signiifcant effects on the expression level of al the 24 genes (P<0.05). The expression levels of 8 genes (Nlen, Nlhh, Nlsal, NlAbd-A, Nlwg, Nlvg, Nlexd and NlUbx) were signiifcantly affected by wing morph. This is the ifrst transcriptome analysis of wing pads of hemimetabolous insect, N. lugens. The identiifed wing patterning genes would be useful resource for future exploration of molecular basis of wing development. The 8 differential y expressed wing patterning genes between macropterous strain and brachypterous strain would contribute to explain molecular mechanism of wing-morph differentiation in N. lugens.

中心动脉收缩压与中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管病风险预测研究模型评估的心血管病10年风险的关系

目的探究无创中心动脉收缩压(cSBP)与中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管病风险预测研究(China-PAR)模型评估的心血管病10年风险(China-PAR 10年风险)的相关性。方法2018年9-12月对北京市石景山区动脉粥样硬化人群队列进行随访调查,从中筛选cSBP和China-PAR模型所需数据完整、无冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)及脑卒中病史的研究对象共2051例。cSBP通过Omron HEM-9000AI测量获得。10年心血管病风险通过China-PAR模型计算获得,其风险<5.0%、5.0%~<10.0%、≥10.0%分别定义为低、中、高风险。采用单因素和多因素线性回归分析cSBP水平与China-PAR 10年风险的相关性,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析cSBP水平与China-PAR 10年风险是否为高风险的相关性。结果cSBP第1、2、3三分位组China-PAR 10年风险分别为5.05%(2.93%~8.77%)、8.23%(5.05%~12.55%)、11.67%(7.41%~17.27%)。随着cSBP升高,China-PAR 10年风险显著升高(χ^(2)=368.85,P<0.01)。多因素线性和logistic回归分析显示,调整协变量后,cSBP每增加10 mm Hg,China-PAR 10年风险增加0.95%(B=0.95,95%CI 0.80~1.10),10年心血管病高风险的比例增加36%(OR=1.36,95%CI 1.26~1.46);与cSBP最低三分位组相比,第2三分位组的China-PAR 10年风险增加1.06%(B=1.06,95%CI 0.48~1.64),10年心血管病高风险的比例增至1.82倍(OR=1.82,95%CI 1.34~2.47),最高三分位组的China-PAR 10年风险增加3.20%(B=3.20,95%CI 2.56~3.84),10年心血管病高风险的比例增至3.22倍(OR=3.22,95%CI 2.35~4.42)。进一步去除正在服用降压药的人群后,二者的相关性仍有统计学意义。结论在北京社区人群中,无创cSBP越高,China-PAR 10年风险越高,提示无创cSBP对预测国人10年心脑血管事件具有重要意义。