电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)的监测与预报是空间环境研究的重要内容,对卫星通讯和导航定位等有重要意义.TEC值影响因素较多,很难确定精确物理模型来对其进行预测.本文设计了基于注意力机制的LSTM模型(Att-LSTM),采用...电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)的监测与预报是空间环境研究的重要内容,对卫星通讯和导航定位等有重要意义.TEC值影响因素较多,很难确定精确物理模型来对其进行预测.本文设计了基于注意力机制的LSTM模型(Att-LSTM),采用过去24小时TEC观测数据对未来TEC进行预测.选择北半球东经100°上,每2.5°纬度选择一个位置,共计36个位置来验证本文提出模型的性能,并与主流的深度学习模型如DNN、RNN、LSTM进行对比实验.取得了如下成果:(1)在选定的36个地区未来2小时单点预测上,基于本文的Att-LSTM模型的TEC预测性能明显优于其他对比模型;(2)讨论了纬度对Att-LSTM预测未来2小时TEC值时性能的影响,发现在北纬0°到60°之间,Att-LSTM预测性能随着纬度的升高而略有降低,在北纬62.5°~87.5°之间,模型预测性能出现扰动,预测效果略差;(3)讨论了磁暴期和磁静期模型的预测性能,发现无论是磁暴期还是磁静期,本文模型预测性能均较好;(4)还讨论了对未来多时点预测效果,实验结果表明,本文所提出的模型对未来2、4个小时的预测拟合度R-Square均超过0.95,预测结果比较可靠,对未来6、8、10个小时预测拟合度最高为0.7934,预测拟合度R-Square下降迅速,预测结果不可靠.展开更多
The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computatio...The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software package Fluent 6.2, the mixing characteristics in a tank agitated by dual six-blade-Rushton-turbines（6-DT） are predicted using the detached eddy simulation（DES） method. A sliding mesh（SM） approach is adopted to solve the rotation of the impeller. The simulated flow patterns and liquid velocities in the agitated tank are verified by experimental data in the literature. The simulation results indicate that the DES method can obtain more flow details than Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS） model. Local and global mixing time in the agitated tank is predicted by solving a tracer concentration scalar transport equation. The simulated results show that feeding points have great influence on mixing process and mixing time. Mixing efficiency is the highest for the feeding point at location of midway of the two impellers. Two methods are used to determine global mixing time and get close result. Dimensionless global mixing time remains unchanged with increasing of impeller speed. Parallel, merging and diverging flow pattern form in the agitated tank, respectively, by changing the impeller spacing and clearance of lower impeller from the bottom of the tank. The global mixing time is the shortest for the merging flow, followed by diverging flow, and the longest for parallel flow. The research presents helpful references for design, optimization and scale-up of agitated tanks with multi-impeller.展开更多
Using a ball-milling technique,polymorphous iron particles were prepared by changing only the liquid-solid ratioλ.Effects of λon their morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties were studied.Th...Using a ball-milling technique,polymorphous iron particles were prepared by changing only the liquid-solid ratioλ.Effects of λon their morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties were studied.The results show that an increase ofλfrom 0 to 0.25 causes a nonlinear decrease of the conductivity in the ranges of 88.50-2.25 S cm-1 and a regular variation of the electromagnetic parameters,corresponding to the as-obtained iron particles.This is ascribed to a combination of the increased shape anisotropy and the decreased fresh surface with active atoms deriving from the weakened welding-on action and the enhanced micro-malleation action in the ball-milling process.Hereinto,the iron flakes formed at wet-milling with λ=0.08-0.25 have lower conductivity,higher permittivity and permeability,and more excellent absorption property compared with the irregular iron particles obtained at dry-milling withλ=0.It is a consequence of the synergistic effect of dielectric relaxation loss,exchange energy and conductance loss originating from the flake-shape structures.This indicates that the morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties of the products can be effectively controlled by changingλ.展开更多
The Z-type barium ferrite/silica composites(Z-BCF/SiO2)were fabricated by in situ chemical synthesis method.The composition,structure,morphology and magnetic behavior of the composites were characterized by chemical a...The Z-type barium ferrite/silica composites(Z-BCF/SiO2)were fabricated by in situ chemical synthesis method.The composition,structure,morphology and magnetic behavior of the composites were characterized by chemical analysis,IR,XRD,SEM,TEM and VSM.The results indicated that there were some interactions between two components in the Z-BCF/SiO2 composites due to the coating of SiO2 on the Z-BCF particles.The magnetic properties of the Z-BCF/SiO2 composites were evidently less than that of the Z-BCF,owing to the small volume fraction of magnetic components in the samples.Due to the good transmission and loss properties on electromagnetic waves,the composites were better at microwave absorption than the parent component.Therefore,this research laid a foundation for the fabrication of highly efficient microwave absorbing material with enhanced wave impedance matching.展开更多
Based on the dipole source method, all components of the Green＇s functions in spectral domain are restructured concisely by four basis functions, and in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method （DCIM） w...Based on the dipole source method, all components of the Green＇s functions in spectral domain are restructured concisely by four basis functions, and in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method （DCIM） with the high order Sommerfeld identities, an efficient algorithm for closed-form Green＇s functions in spatial domain in multilayered media is presented. This new work enjoys the advantages of the surface wave pole extraction directly carried out by the generalized integral path without troubles of that all components of Green＇s function in spectral domain should be reformed respectively in transmission line network analogy, and then the Green＇s functions for mixed-potential integral equation （MPIE） analysis in both near-field and far-field in multilayered media are obtained. In addition, the curl operator for coupled field in MPIE is avoided conveniently. It is especially applicable and useful to characterize the electromagnetic scattering by, and radiation in the presence of, the electrically large 3-D objects in multilayered media. The numerical results of the S-parameters of a microstrip periodic bandgap （PBG） filter, the radar cross section （RCS） of a large microstrip antenna array, the characteristics of scattering, and radiation from the three-dimensional （3-D） targets in multilayered media are obtained, to demonstrate better effectiveness and accuracy of this technique.展开更多
Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CCNF/MWCNTs) were synthesized by solution filling method.The phase structure,thermal stability,morphology and electrical-magnetic properties of the s...Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CCNF/MWCNTs) were synthesized by solution filling method.The phase structure,thermal stability,morphology and electrical-magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by means of modern testing technology.The effect of iron concentration,filling time,sintering temperature on their electrical and magnetic performance was discussed.The results indicated that conductivity was related to the content of MWCNTs,while the magnetism correlated with the volume fraction of the filled CCNF in the composites.When the optimal condition satisfied the filling time of 18 h,ferric concentration of 0.25 mol L-1 and sintering temperature of 350°C,the prepared composite had the best magnetic loss performance,and its minimum reflection loss reached-22.47 dB on 9.76 GHz,the available bandwidth was beyond 2.0 GHz.Hence,the obtained composite can be used as advancing absorption and shielding material due to its favorable microwave absorbing property.展开更多
BaFe10A12O19/poly（m-toluidine） （BFA/PMT） composites were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of m-toluidine in the presence of BaFe10Al2O19 particles. The structure, composition and morphology of the obtained sa...BaFe10A12O19/poly（m-toluidine） （BFA/PMT） composites were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of m-toluidine in the presence of BaFe10Al2O19 particles. The structure, composition and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM and TEM techniques. Their electrical conductivity, magnetic property and microwave absorbing property were measured by the four-probe meter, the vibrating sample magnetometer and the vector network analyzer, respectively. The results indicated that BFA particles were coated effectively by PMT polymer and some interactions between PMT and BFA particles existing in the composites. The conductivity of BFA/PMT composite is smaller than that of pure polymers and its saturation magnetization is a little smaller than that of pure BFA. The influence of the constitution and film thickness of absorbent on its microwave absorbing property is evident. The microwave absorbing properties of the BFA/PMT composites are better than those of pure BFA and PMT. When optimizing the mass rate of BFA/PMT to 0.3, the absorbent with 2 mm film thickness has the minimum reflection loss of -28.26 dB at approximate 14.24 GHz, and the maximum available bandwidth of 8.8 GHz, respectively. The results show that these composites can be used as advancing absorption and shielding materials due to their favorable microwave absorbing property.展开更多
Bi1-xLaxNbO4 and Bi1-xZnxNbO4 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method, and their composition, structure and morphology were characterized by modern testing techniques. The antibacterial activit...Bi1-xLaxNbO4 and Bi1-xZnxNbO4 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method, and their composition, structure and morphology were characterized by modern testing techniques. The antibacterial activities of the as-prepared samples against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were measured by the experiments of powder inhibition zone, inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration under the irradiation of sunlight. The results show that the antibacterial activities of BiNbO4 doped with La and Zn are superior to that of the parent, and the composition of antibacterial agent and their mass ratio have a great influence on the antibacterial activities. Among these, the antibacterial activity of Bi0.96La0.04NbO4 against three bacteria was best and its antibacterial activity to Candida albicans was better than those to the other two kinds.展开更多
文摘电离层总电子含量(Total Electron Content,TEC)的监测与预报是空间环境研究的重要内容,对卫星通讯和导航定位等有重要意义.TEC值影响因素较多,很难确定精确物理模型来对其进行预测.本文设计了基于注意力机制的LSTM模型(Att-LSTM),采用过去24小时TEC观测数据对未来TEC进行预测.选择北半球东经100°上,每2.5°纬度选择一个位置,共计36个位置来验证本文提出模型的性能,并与主流的深度学习模型如DNN、RNN、LSTM进行对比实验.取得了如下成果:(1)在选定的36个地区未来2小时单点预测上,基于本文的Att-LSTM模型的TEC预测性能明显优于其他对比模型;(2)讨论了纬度对Att-LSTM预测未来2小时TEC值时性能的影响,发现在北纬0°到60°之间,Att-LSTM预测性能随着纬度的升高而略有降低,在北纬62.5°~87.5°之间,模型预测性能出现扰动,预测效果略差;(3)讨论了磁暴期和磁静期模型的预测性能,发现无论是磁暴期还是磁静期,本文模型预测性能均较好;(4)还讨论了对未来多时点预测效果,实验结果表明,本文所提出的模型对未来2、4个小时的预测拟合度R-Square均超过0.95,预测结果比较可靠,对未来6、8、10个小时预测拟合度最高为0.7934,预测拟合度R-Square下降迅速,预测结果不可靠.
基金Supported by Key Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Education Department(Grant No.15ZA0107)Doctor Foundation of Southwest University of Science and Technology(Grant No.11zx7162)
文摘The Issue of mixing efficiency in agitated tanks has drawn serious concern in many industrial processes. The turbulence model is very critical to predicting mixing process in agitated tanks. On the basis of computational fluid dynamics（CFD） software package Fluent 6.2, the mixing characteristics in a tank agitated by dual six-blade-Rushton-turbines（6-DT） are predicted using the detached eddy simulation（DES） method. A sliding mesh（SM） approach is adopted to solve the rotation of the impeller. The simulated flow patterns and liquid velocities in the agitated tank are verified by experimental data in the literature. The simulation results indicate that the DES method can obtain more flow details than Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS） model. Local and global mixing time in the agitated tank is predicted by solving a tracer concentration scalar transport equation. The simulated results show that feeding points have great influence on mixing process and mixing time. Mixing efficiency is the highest for the feeding point at location of midway of the two impellers. Two methods are used to determine global mixing time and get close result. Dimensionless global mixing time remains unchanged with increasing of impeller speed. Parallel, merging and diverging flow pattern form in the agitated tank, respectively, by changing the impeller spacing and clearance of lower impeller from the bottom of the tank. The global mixing time is the shortest for the merging flow, followed by diverging flow, and the longest for parallel flow. The research presents helpful references for design, optimization and scale-up of agitated tanks with multi-impeller.
基金supported in part by Natural Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Project Nos.Y4100022 and Y4100074)New Bud Talents Grant from Zhejiang Province,Science and Technology Projects from Jinhua City(Grant No.2010A12066)+1 种基金Doctoral Startup Foundation from Zhejiang Normal University(Grant No.ZC304009094)Open Lab Project and the 12th Research Task from Zhejiang Normal University
文摘Using a ball-milling technique,polymorphous iron particles were prepared by changing only the liquid-solid ratioλ.Effects of λon their morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties were studied.The results show that an increase ofλfrom 0 to 0.25 causes a nonlinear decrease of the conductivity in the ranges of 88.50-2.25 S cm-1 and a regular variation of the electromagnetic parameters,corresponding to the as-obtained iron particles.This is ascribed to a combination of the increased shape anisotropy and the decreased fresh surface with active atoms deriving from the weakened welding-on action and the enhanced micro-malleation action in the ball-milling process.Hereinto,the iron flakes formed at wet-milling with λ=0.08-0.25 have lower conductivity,higher permittivity and permeability,and more excellent absorption property compared with the irregular iron particles obtained at dry-milling withλ=0.It is a consequence of the synergistic effect of dielectric relaxation loss,exchange energy and conductance loss originating from the flake-shape structures.This indicates that the morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties of the products can be effectively controlled by changingλ.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21071125)the College Students’Science and Technology Innovation Activities Plan of Zhejiang(Grant No.2014R404056)Special and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Resource chemistry of Guizhou Provincial Education Department,Anshun University(Grant No.GAFMRC201304)
文摘The Z-type barium ferrite/silica composites(Z-BCF/SiO2)were fabricated by in situ chemical synthesis method.The composition,structure,morphology and magnetic behavior of the composites were characterized by chemical analysis,IR,XRD,SEM,TEM and VSM.The results indicated that there were some interactions between two components in the Z-BCF/SiO2 composites due to the coating of SiO2 on the Z-BCF particles.The magnetic properties of the Z-BCF/SiO2 composites were evidently less than that of the Z-BCF,owing to the small volume fraction of magnetic components in the samples.Due to the good transmission and loss properties on electromagnetic waves,the composites were better at microwave absorption than the parent component.Therefore,this research laid a foundation for the fabrication of highly efficient microwave absorbing material with enhanced wave impedance matching.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60371020)National Defense Pre-research Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140a03020206dz0112)
文摘Based on the dipole source method, all components of the Green＇s functions in spectral domain are restructured concisely by four basis functions, and in terms of the two-level discrete complex image method （DCIM） with the high order Sommerfeld identities, an efficient algorithm for closed-form Green＇s functions in spatial domain in multilayered media is presented. This new work enjoys the advantages of the surface wave pole extraction directly carried out by the generalized integral path without troubles of that all components of Green＇s function in spectral domain should be reformed respectively in transmission line network analogy, and then the Green＇s functions for mixed-potential integral equation （MPIE） analysis in both near-field and far-field in multilayered media are obtained. In addition, the curl operator for coupled field in MPIE is avoided conveniently. It is especially applicable and useful to characterize the electromagnetic scattering by, and radiation in the presence of, the electrically large 3-D objects in multilayered media. The numerical results of the S-parameters of a microstrip periodic bandgap （PBG） filter, the radar cross section （RCS） of a large microstrip antenna array, the characteristics of scattering, and radiation from the three-dimensional （3-D） targets in multilayered media are obtained, to demonstrate better effectiveness and accuracy of this technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21071125)the Science and Technology Key Project of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2010C11053)the subproject of Science-Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang Province (Grant No.2011R09006-06)
文摘Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CCNF/MWCNTs) were synthesized by solution filling method.The phase structure,thermal stability,morphology and electrical-magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by means of modern testing technology.The effect of iron concentration,filling time,sintering temperature on their electrical and magnetic performance was discussed.The results indicated that conductivity was related to the content of MWCNTs,while the magnetism correlated with the volume fraction of the filled CCNF in the composites.When the optimal condition satisfied the filling time of 18 h,ferric concentration of 0.25 mol L-1 and sintering temperature of 350°C,the prepared composite had the best magnetic loss performance,and its minimum reflection loss reached-22.47 dB on 9.76 GHz,the available bandwidth was beyond 2.0 GHz.Hence,the obtained composite can be used as advancing absorption and shielding material due to its favorable microwave absorbing property.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (21071125)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y4100022,Y4090636)the Science and Technology Key Project of Zhejiang Province (2010C11053)
文摘BaFe10A12O19/poly（m-toluidine） （BFA/PMT） composites were synthesized by in-situ polymerization of m-toluidine in the presence of BaFe10Al2O19 particles. The structure, composition and morphology of the obtained samples were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM and TEM techniques. Their electrical conductivity, magnetic property and microwave absorbing property were measured by the four-probe meter, the vibrating sample magnetometer and the vector network analyzer, respectively. The results indicated that BFA particles were coated effectively by PMT polymer and some interactions between PMT and BFA particles existing in the composites. The conductivity of BFA/PMT composite is smaller than that of pure polymers and its saturation magnetization is a little smaller than that of pure BFA. The influence of the constitution and film thickness of absorbent on its microwave absorbing property is evident. The microwave absorbing properties of the BFA/PMT composites are better than those of pure BFA and PMT. When optimizing the mass rate of BFA/PMT to 0.3, the absorbent with 2 mm film thickness has the minimum reflection loss of -28.26 dB at approximate 14.24 GHz, and the maximum available bandwidth of 8.8 GHz, respectively. The results show that these composites can be used as advancing absorption and shielding materials due to their favorable microwave absorbing property.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.20104017） and the College Students＇ Science and Technology Innovation Activities Plan of Zhejiang Province, China（No.2014R404056）.
文摘Bi1-xLaxNbO4 and Bi1-xZnxNbO4 nanocomposites were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method, and their composition, structure and morphology were characterized by modern testing techniques. The antibacterial activities of the as-prepared samples against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were measured by the experiments of powder inhibition zone, inhibition zone diameter and minimum inhibitory concentration under the irradiation of sunlight. The results show that the antibacterial activities of BiNbO4 doped with La and Zn are superior to that of the parent, and the composition of antibacterial agent and their mass ratio have a great influence on the antibacterial activities. Among these, the antibacterial activity of Bi0.96La0.04NbO4 against three bacteria was best and its antibacterial activity to Candida albicans was better than those to the other two kinds.
