Ralstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease in many crops,leading to huge losses in crop production every year.Understanding of plant-R.solanacearum interactions will aid to develop efficient strateg...Ralstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease in many crops,leading to huge losses in crop production every year.Understanding of plant-R.solanacearum interactions will aid to develop efficient strategies to control the disease.As a soilborne pathogen,R.solanacearum naturally infects plants via roots.A huge limitation in studying plant-R.solanacearum interactions is the large variation of R.solanacearum infection assay due to the variable soil conditions and uneven inoculum exposure.Here,we developed a robust and reliable Petri-dish inoculation method which allows consistent and stable infection in young plant seedlings.This method is easy to use,takes about only 10 days from seed germination to the completion of inoculation assay,and requires less inoculum of bacteria as well as growth chamber space.We proved the efficacy of the seedling Petri-dish inoculation method by analyzing plant defense primed by molecular patterns,resistance of defense-related plant mutants,and virulence of R.solanacearum mutants.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the seedling Petri-dish inoculation method can be applied to other host plants such as tobacco and has great potential for high-throughput screening of resistant plant germplasms to bacterial wilt in the future.展开更多
Due to the influence of dialect,many English learners in China tend to speak English in the way they usually speak during second language acquisition,which results in negative transfer on English pronunciation.In orde...Due to the influence of dialect,many English learners in China tend to speak English in the way they usually speak during second language acquisition,which results in negative transfer on English pronunciation.In order to reduce this phenomenon and improve the students’English pronunciation level,it is necessary for us to study the topic and put forward solutions.By using the contrastive analysis,this paper compares the pronunciation of English,Chinese and Henan dialect so as to find out the influence of Henan dialect on English learners at segmental level and suprasegmental level.The results show strong correlation between the pronunciation of English and Henan dialect for English learners.Therefore,this paper analyzes the mistakes and reasons that learners of Henan province are prone to make in the process of learning,and puts forward corresponding suggestions for teaching on students’negative transfer,so as to enhance the awareness of negative transfer for teachers and students.展开更多
目的:探讨新生儿先天性肾脏和泌尿道畸形(congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract,CAKUT)的发病情况,评价出生后早期行泌尿系超声筛查的价值。方法:对2016年1月至2018年12月于清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院出生和就诊的...目的:探讨新生儿先天性肾脏和泌尿道畸形(congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract,CAKUT)的发病情况,评价出生后早期行泌尿系超声筛查的价值。方法:对2016年1月至2018年12月于清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院出生和就诊的新生儿行泌尿系超声筛查并随访,同时对母孕产期资料进行分析,筛选与CAKUT发病相关的危险因素。结果:(1)本次筛查的2655例新生儿中,CAKUT阳性82例(男60例,女22例),阳性率为3.1%(82/2655),其中肾积水66例,重复肾6例,多发性肾囊肿2例,肾囊性发育不良2例,髓质海绵肾1例,小肾脏3例,孤立肾1例,马蹄肾1例。(2)66例肾积水患儿中有4例失访;8例目前随访尚不足6个月,肾积水无明显变化,继续随访观察中;54例完成随访1年,1年内恢复正常32例,减轻3例,加重7例,无变化12例,其中1例因反复泌感、肾功能下降接受手术治疗。(3)CAKUT高危因素以孕晚期胎儿泌尿系超声异常最多,胎儿泌尿系超声异常的高危新生儿有44例,生后筛查发现CAKUT病例35例,发生率为79.5%(35/44)。(4)本次筛查的2655例新生儿中,有2611例新生儿产前泌尿系超声检查是正常的,这些产前泌尿系超声检查正常的新生儿中,有47例出生后泌尿系B超筛查符合CAKUT诊断,发生率为1.8%(47/2611)。结论:新生儿最常见的CAKUT为肾积水,多数预后良好,但应定期随访;对新生儿尤其是母孕期胎儿泌尿系超声异常的高危新生儿行泌尿系统超声筛查,对于早期发现CAKUT有重要的临床意义。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072399 and 32272641)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202201017 and GK202207024)the Program of Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,China(MIMCP-202203).
文摘Ralstonia solanacearum causes a lethal bacterial wilt disease in many crops,leading to huge losses in crop production every year.Understanding of plant-R.solanacearum interactions will aid to develop efficient strategies to control the disease.As a soilborne pathogen,R.solanacearum naturally infects plants via roots.A huge limitation in studying plant-R.solanacearum interactions is the large variation of R.solanacearum infection assay due to the variable soil conditions and uneven inoculum exposure.Here,we developed a robust and reliable Petri-dish inoculation method which allows consistent and stable infection in young plant seedlings.This method is easy to use,takes about only 10 days from seed germination to the completion of inoculation assay,and requires less inoculum of bacteria as well as growth chamber space.We proved the efficacy of the seedling Petri-dish inoculation method by analyzing plant defense primed by molecular patterns,resistance of defense-related plant mutants,and virulence of R.solanacearum mutants.Furthermore,we demonstrated that the seedling Petri-dish inoculation method can be applied to other host plants such as tobacco and has great potential for high-throughput screening of resistant plant germplasms to bacterial wilt in the future.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”.
文摘Due to the influence of dialect,many English learners in China tend to speak English in the way they usually speak during second language acquisition,which results in negative transfer on English pronunciation.In order to reduce this phenomenon and improve the students’English pronunciation level,it is necessary for us to study the topic and put forward solutions.By using the contrastive analysis,this paper compares the pronunciation of English,Chinese and Henan dialect so as to find out the influence of Henan dialect on English learners at segmental level and suprasegmental level.The results show strong correlation between the pronunciation of English and Henan dialect for English learners.Therefore,this paper analyzes the mistakes and reasons that learners of Henan province are prone to make in the process of learning,and puts forward corresponding suggestions for teaching on students’negative transfer,so as to enhance the awareness of negative transfer for teachers and students.
文摘目的:探讨新生儿先天性肾脏和泌尿道畸形(congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract,CAKUT)的发病情况,评价出生后早期行泌尿系超声筛查的价值。方法:对2016年1月至2018年12月于清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院出生和就诊的新生儿行泌尿系超声筛查并随访,同时对母孕产期资料进行分析,筛选与CAKUT发病相关的危险因素。结果:(1)本次筛查的2655例新生儿中,CAKUT阳性82例(男60例,女22例),阳性率为3.1%(82/2655),其中肾积水66例,重复肾6例,多发性肾囊肿2例,肾囊性发育不良2例,髓质海绵肾1例,小肾脏3例,孤立肾1例,马蹄肾1例。(2)66例肾积水患儿中有4例失访;8例目前随访尚不足6个月,肾积水无明显变化,继续随访观察中;54例完成随访1年,1年内恢复正常32例,减轻3例,加重7例,无变化12例,其中1例因反复泌感、肾功能下降接受手术治疗。(3)CAKUT高危因素以孕晚期胎儿泌尿系超声异常最多,胎儿泌尿系超声异常的高危新生儿有44例,生后筛查发现CAKUT病例35例,发生率为79.5%(35/44)。(4)本次筛查的2655例新生儿中,有2611例新生儿产前泌尿系超声检查是正常的,这些产前泌尿系超声检查正常的新生儿中,有47例出生后泌尿系B超筛查符合CAKUT诊断,发生率为1.8%(47/2611)。结论:新生儿最常见的CAKUT为肾积水,多数预后良好,但应定期随访;对新生儿尤其是母孕期胎儿泌尿系超声异常的高危新生儿行泌尿系统超声筛查,对于早期发现CAKUT有重要的临床意义。
