Verticillium wilt is the second serious vascular wilt caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb.It has distributed worldwide,causing serious yield losses and fiber quality reduction in cotton prod...Verticillium wilt is the second serious vascular wilt caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb.It has distributed worldwide,causing serious yield losses and fiber quality reduction in cotton production.The pathogen has developed different mechanisms like the production of cell wall degrading enzymes,activation of virulence genes and protein effectors to succeed in its in fection.Cott on plant has also evolved multiple mechanisms in response to the fungus infection,including a strong production of lignin and callose deposition to strengthen the cell wall,burst of reactive oxygen species,accumulation of defene hormones,expression of defense-related genes,and target-directed strategies like cross-kingdom RNAi for specific virulent gene silencing.This review summarizes the recent progress made over the past two decades in understanding the interactions between cotton plant and the pathogen Verticillium dahliae during the infection process.The review also discusses the achievements in the control practices of cotton verticillium wilt in recent years,including cultivation practices,biological control,and molecular breeding strategies.These studies reveal that effective management strategies are needed to control the disease,while cultural practices and biological control approaches show promising results in the future.Furthermore,the biological control approaches developed in recent years,including antagonistic fungi,endophytic bacteria,and host induced gene sile ncing strategies provide efficie nt choices for in teg rated disease management.展开更多
目的探讨远端缺血预处理(RIPC)对老年患者胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期心肌损伤的影响。方法选择行胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术的老年患者59例,男43例,女16例,年龄65~85岁,BMI 18~35 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。将患者随机分为两组:远端缺血预处理...目的探讨远端缺血预处理(RIPC)对老年患者胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期心肌损伤的影响。方法选择行胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术的老年患者59例,男43例,女16例,年龄65~85岁,BMI 18~35 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。将患者随机分为两组:远端缺血预处理组(RIPC组,n=27)和对照组(C组,n=32)。RIPC组于麻醉后、手术开始前进行3个循环的RIPC,每个循环行单侧下肢缺血5 min,再灌注5 min;C组不做处理。两组麻醉方案和手术操作均相同。记录术后24、48 h的肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)浓度,以及术后48 h D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)浓度。记录心肌损伤(cTnI≥0.2μg/L)以及术后30 d内的主要心血管不良事件的发生情况。结果与C组比较,RIPC组术后24、48 h cTnI明显降低,术后24 h CRP、IL-6明显降低,术后24、48 h MDA明显降低,术后48 h eNOS、iNOS明显升高,D-二聚体、FDP浓度明显降低(P<0.05)。两组心肌损伤、术后30 d主要心血管不良事件的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论远端缺血预处理能降低胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期心肌损伤标志物cTnI的释放,减轻术后炎症反应、氧化应激、高凝状态并改善血管内皮功能,但不能降低心肌损伤以及术后30 d内主要心血管不良事件的发生率。展开更多
基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,the Natural Science Foundation of China(32070560,31471538,and 31371668)Special Project of Fundamental Research Funds for the National Public Welfare Institutio ns of Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610162021004)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0101603-11,2016YFD0100500,2016YFD0101401)the Agricultural Science an dlechnology Innovation Program for CAAS(CAAS-ASTIP-ICRCAAS)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2012AA101108 and 2009AA101104)the Central Level of the Scientific Research Institutes for Basic R&D Special Fund Business(1610162014008).
文摘Verticillium wilt is the second serious vascular wilt caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb.It has distributed worldwide,causing serious yield losses and fiber quality reduction in cotton production.The pathogen has developed different mechanisms like the production of cell wall degrading enzymes,activation of virulence genes and protein effectors to succeed in its in fection.Cott on plant has also evolved multiple mechanisms in response to the fungus infection,including a strong production of lignin and callose deposition to strengthen the cell wall,burst of reactive oxygen species,accumulation of defene hormones,expression of defense-related genes,and target-directed strategies like cross-kingdom RNAi for specific virulent gene silencing.This review summarizes the recent progress made over the past two decades in understanding the interactions between cotton plant and the pathogen Verticillium dahliae during the infection process.The review also discusses the achievements in the control practices of cotton verticillium wilt in recent years,including cultivation practices,biological control,and molecular breeding strategies.These studies reveal that effective management strategies are needed to control the disease,while cultural practices and biological control approaches show promising results in the future.Furthermore,the biological control approaches developed in recent years,including antagonistic fungi,endophytic bacteria,and host induced gene sile ncing strategies provide efficie nt choices for in teg rated disease management.
文摘目的探讨远端缺血预处理(RIPC)对老年患者胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期心肌损伤的影响。方法选择行胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术的老年患者59例,男43例,女16例,年龄65~85岁,BMI 18~35 kg/m^(2),ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。将患者随机分为两组:远端缺血预处理组(RIPC组,n=27)和对照组(C组,n=32)。RIPC组于麻醉后、手术开始前进行3个循环的RIPC,每个循环行单侧下肢缺血5 min,再灌注5 min;C组不做处理。两组麻醉方案和手术操作均相同。记录术后24、48 h的肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)浓度,以及术后48 h D-二聚体、纤维蛋白降解产物(FDP)浓度。记录心肌损伤(cTnI≥0.2μg/L)以及术后30 d内的主要心血管不良事件的发生情况。结果与C组比较,RIPC组术后24、48 h cTnI明显降低,术后24 h CRP、IL-6明显降低,术后24、48 h MDA明显降低,术后48 h eNOS、iNOS明显升高,D-二聚体、FDP浓度明显降低(P<0.05)。两组心肌损伤、术后30 d主要心血管不良事件的发生率差异无统计学意义。结论远端缺血预处理能降低胃肠道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期心肌损伤标志物cTnI的释放,减轻术后炎症反应、氧化应激、高凝状态并改善血管内皮功能,但不能降低心肌损伤以及术后30 d内主要心血管不良事件的发生率。
