[目的]分析2014-2018年广西苍梧县鼻咽癌疾病负担水平及变化趋势.[方法]根据苍梧县肿瘤登记处上报的2014-2018年鼻咽癌发病和死亡数据,计算粗发病率和死亡率及其标化率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(y...[目的]分析2014-2018年广西苍梧县鼻咽癌疾病负担水平及变化趋势.[方法]根据苍梧县肿瘤登记处上报的2014-2018年鼻咽癌发病和死亡数据,计算粗发病率和死亡率及其标化率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)等指标.通过Joinpoint回归模型计算鼻咽癌发病率、死亡率及DALYs率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual per-centage change,AAPC)并分析其变化趋势.[结果]2014-2018年广西苍梧县累计报告鼻咽癌发病数599例(包括男性453例和女性146例),死亡数304例(包括男性237例和女性67例).2014-2018年广西苍梧县因鼻咽癌损失的DALYs为5386.47人年,其中YLLs和YLDs分别占92.99%和7.01%.2014-2018年鼻咽癌发病率(AAPC=-5.3%)、死亡率(AAPC=-11.6%)和DALYs率(AAPC=-7.6%)总体呈下降趋势,但变化趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同性别的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率变化趋势与总体趋势基本一致,其中女性鼻咽癌的死亡率和DALYs率呈显著下降趋势:女性鼻咽癌死亡率由2014年的11.14/10万下降至2018年的4.19/10万,年均下降21.4%(P<0.01);DALYs率由2014年的180.15/10万人年下降至2018年的66.49/10万人年,年均下降23.3%(P<0.01).[结论]2014-2018年广西苍梧县居民鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率均有所下降,尤其女性鼻咽癌的疾病负担呈明显下降趋势.但鼻咽癌仍是苍梧县需要重点防控的区域性高发肿瘤,今后还需加强鼻咽癌的早诊早治和筛查工作,针对高危人群采取积极的干预措施,降低鼻咽癌的疾病负担.展开更多
Tensile tests of Fe-30Mn-5Si-2Al steel were carried out for different strains of 0.05, 0.14, 0.26, and up to the strain-to-failure in order to observe the evolution of microstructure during deformation and investigati...Tensile tests of Fe-30Mn-5Si-2Al steel were carried out for different strains of 0.05, 0.14, 0.26, and up to the strain-to-failure in order to observe the evolution of microstructure during deformation and investigating the strain hardening behavior. Three-stage strain hardening behavior was observed in this steel during tensile test. In stage I , planar dislocation structure was observed by TEM and regarded as main deformation mechanism, and low strain hardening rate exponent was exhibited. Primary deformation twinning occurred in stage II , and the strain hardening rate exponent increased due to the blockage of dislocations＇ motion by twin boundaries. In stage III , the strain hardening rate exponent had increased to a value higher than 0.5. The obstacle effect of twin boundaries and twin-twin interact＇ion had been observed by TEM, and the interactions between primary and secondary twins were found to cause the additional hardening in addition to the obstacle effect on dislocations＇ motion, which led to the twinning induced plasticity effect in the later stage of deformation.展开更多
文摘[目的]分析2014-2018年广西苍梧县鼻咽癌疾病负担水平及变化趋势.[方法]根据苍梧县肿瘤登记处上报的2014-2018年鼻咽癌发病和死亡数据,计算粗发病率和死亡率及其标化率、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)等指标.通过Joinpoint回归模型计算鼻咽癌发病率、死亡率及DALYs率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual per-centage change,AAPC)并分析其变化趋势.[结果]2014-2018年广西苍梧县累计报告鼻咽癌发病数599例(包括男性453例和女性146例),死亡数304例(包括男性237例和女性67例).2014-2018年广西苍梧县因鼻咽癌损失的DALYs为5386.47人年,其中YLLs和YLDs分别占92.99%和7.01%.2014-2018年鼻咽癌发病率(AAPC=-5.3%)、死亡率(AAPC=-11.6%)和DALYs率(AAPC=-7.6%)总体呈下降趋势,但变化趋势无统计学意义(P>0.05).不同性别的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率变化趋势与总体趋势基本一致,其中女性鼻咽癌的死亡率和DALYs率呈显著下降趋势:女性鼻咽癌死亡率由2014年的11.14/10万下降至2018年的4.19/10万,年均下降21.4%(P<0.01);DALYs率由2014年的180.15/10万人年下降至2018年的66.49/10万人年,年均下降23.3%(P<0.01).[结论]2014-2018年广西苍梧县居民鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和DALYs率均有所下降,尤其女性鼻咽癌的疾病负担呈明显下降趋势.但鼻咽癌仍是苍梧县需要重点防控的区域性高发肿瘤,今后还需加强鼻咽癌的早诊早治和筛查工作,针对高危人群采取积极的干预措施,降低鼻咽癌的疾病负担.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baosteel(50734002)
文摘Tensile tests of Fe-30Mn-5Si-2Al steel were carried out for different strains of 0.05, 0.14, 0.26, and up to the strain-to-failure in order to observe the evolution of microstructure during deformation and investigating the strain hardening behavior. Three-stage strain hardening behavior was observed in this steel during tensile test. In stage I , planar dislocation structure was observed by TEM and regarded as main deformation mechanism, and low strain hardening rate exponent was exhibited. Primary deformation twinning occurred in stage II , and the strain hardening rate exponent increased due to the blockage of dislocations＇ motion by twin boundaries. In stage III , the strain hardening rate exponent had increased to a value higher than 0.5. The obstacle effect of twin boundaries and twin-twin interact＇ion had been observed by TEM, and the interactions between primary and secondary twins were found to cause the additional hardening in addition to the obstacle effect on dislocations＇ motion, which led to the twinning induced plasticity effect in the later stage of deformation.
