[目的]分析近10年中医药联合常规疗法治疗消化系统肿瘤术后胃瘫的临床研究特征,并评价其方法学质量。[方法]检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Pubmed、Web of Science,收集2013年1月—2022...[目的]分析近10年中医药联合常规疗法治疗消化系统肿瘤术后胃瘫的临床研究特征,并评价其方法学质量。[方法]检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Pubmed、Web of Science,收集2013年1月—2022年12月中医药联合常规疗法治疗消化系统肿瘤术后胃瘫的临床研究文献。总结并分析纳入文献的研究类型、诊断标准、干预和对照措施、结局指标等。运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具等对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价。[结果]最终纳入31篇文献,其中30篇为随机对照试验,1篇为回顾性研究。纳入的随机对照试验(RCT)研究方法学质量整体偏低,27项(90.00%)研究报告了随机化方案,其中1项评价为高风险,仅3项(10.00%)研究报告了分配隐藏方案,29项(96.67%)研究未报告受试者、研究者及结局评价者施盲情况。纳入文献研究对象诊断标准不统一。涉及33种干预措施,以中医外治法居多(66.67%)。临床疗效评价指标不规范,仅2篇文献区分了主、次要结局指标。[结论]建议今后研究者提前注册研究方案,完整透明地报告研究方案,严格按照国际标准设计和实施临床方案。期待未来能够出台相关指南或专家共识统一术后胃瘫综合征诊治标准,规范结局指标判定标准,开展中医药相关核心指标集的研究。展开更多
The concept of seismic resilience has received significant attention from academia and industry during the last two decades. Different frameworks have been proposed for seismic resilience assessment of engineering sys...The concept of seismic resilience has received significant attention from academia and industry during the last two decades. Different frameworks have been proposed for seismic resilience assessment of engineering systems at different scales(e.g., buildings, bridges, communities, and cities). Testbeds including Centerville virtual community(CVC), Memphis testbed(MTB), and the virtual city of Turin, Italy(VC-TI) have been developed during the last decade. However, the resilience assessment results of Chinese cities still require calibration based on a unified evaluation model. Therefore, a geographic information system(GIS)-based benchmark model of a medium-sized city located in the southeastern coastal region of China was developed. The benchmark city can be used to compare existing assessment frameworks and calibrate the assessment results. The demographics, site conditions, and potential hazard exposure of the benchmark city, as well as land use and building inventory are described in this paper. Data of lifeline systems are provided, including power, transportation, water, drainage, and natural gas distribution networks, as well as the locations of hospitals, emergency shelters, and schools. Data from past earthquakes and the literature were obtained to develop seismic fragility models, consequence models, and recovery models, which can be used as basic data or calibration data in the resilience assessment process. To demonstrate the completeness of the data included in the benchmark city, a case study on the accessibility of emergency rescue after earthquakes was conducted, and the preliminary results were discussed. The ultimate goal of this benchmark city is to provide a platform for calibrating resilience assessment results and to facilitate the development of resilient cities in China.展开更多
An urban water supply network(WSN)is a crucial lifeline system that helps to maintain the normal functioning of modern society.However,the hydraulic analysis of a significantly damaged WSN that suffers from pipe break...An urban water supply network(WSN)is a crucial lifeline system that helps to maintain the normal functioning of modern society.However,the hydraulic analysis of a significantly damaged WSN that suffers from pipe breaks or leaks remains challenging.In this paper,a probability-based framework is proposed to assess the functionality of WSNs in the aftermath of powerful earthquakes.The serviceability of the WSN is quantified by using a comprehensive index that considers nodal water flow and nodal pressure.This index includes a coefficient that reflects the relative importance of these two parameters.The demand reduction(DR)method,which reduces the water flow of nodes while preventing the negative pressure of nodes,is proposed.The difference between the negative pressure elimination(NPE)method and the DR method is discussed by using the example of a WSN in a medium-sized city in China.The functionality values of the WSN are 0.76 and 0.99 when nodal pressure and nodal demands are used respectively as the index of system serviceability at an intensity level that would pertain to an earthquake considered to occur at a maximum level.When the intensity of ground motion is as high as 0.4 g,the DR method requires fewer samples than the NPE method to obtain accurate results.The NPE method eliminates most of the pipes,which may be unrealistic.展开更多
Natural hazards such as hurricanes may cause extensive economic losses and social disruption for civil structures and infrastructures in coastal areas, implying the importance of understanding the construction perform...Natural hazards such as hurricanes may cause extensive economic losses and social disruption for civil structures and infrastructures in coastal areas, implying the importance of understanding the construction performance subjected to hurricanes and assessing the hurricane damages properly. The intensity and frequency of hurricanes have been reported to change with time due to the potential impact of climate change.In this paper, a probability-based model of hurricane damage assessment for coastal constructions is proposed taking into account the non-stationarity in hurricane intensity and frequency. The nonhomogeneous Poisson process is employed to model the non-stationarity in hurricane occurrence while the non-stationarity in hurricane intensity is reflected by the time-variant statistical parameters(e.g., mean value and/or standard deviation), with which the mean value and variation of the cumulative hurricane damage are evaluated explicitly. The Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA, is chosen to illustrate the hurricane damage assessment method proposed in this paper. The role of non-stationarity in hurricane intensity and occurrence rate due to climate change in hurricane damage is investigated using some representative changing patterns of hurricane parameters.展开更多
文摘[目的]分析近10年中医药联合常规疗法治疗消化系统肿瘤术后胃瘫的临床研究特征,并评价其方法学质量。[方法]检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、Pubmed、Web of Science,收集2013年1月—2022年12月中医药联合常规疗法治疗消化系统肿瘤术后胃瘫的临床研究文献。总结并分析纳入文献的研究类型、诊断标准、干预和对照措施、结局指标等。运用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具等对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价。[结果]最终纳入31篇文献,其中30篇为随机对照试验,1篇为回顾性研究。纳入的随机对照试验(RCT)研究方法学质量整体偏低,27项(90.00%)研究报告了随机化方案,其中1项评价为高风险,仅3项(10.00%)研究报告了分配隐藏方案,29项(96.67%)研究未报告受试者、研究者及结局评价者施盲情况。纳入文献研究对象诊断标准不统一。涉及33种干预措施,以中医外治法居多(66.67%)。临床疗效评价指标不规范,仅2篇文献区分了主、次要结局指标。[结论]建议今后研究者提前注册研究方案,完整透明地报告研究方案,严格按照国际标准设计和实施临床方案。期待未来能够出台相关指南或专家共识统一术后胃瘫综合征诊治标准,规范结局指标判定标准,开展中医药相关核心指标集的研究。
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant Nos. 2019EEEVL0505,2019B02 and 2019A02Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program。
文摘The concept of seismic resilience has received significant attention from academia and industry during the last two decades. Different frameworks have been proposed for seismic resilience assessment of engineering systems at different scales(e.g., buildings, bridges, communities, and cities). Testbeds including Centerville virtual community(CVC), Memphis testbed(MTB), and the virtual city of Turin, Italy(VC-TI) have been developed during the last decade. However, the resilience assessment results of Chinese cities still require calibration based on a unified evaluation model. Therefore, a geographic information system(GIS)-based benchmark model of a medium-sized city located in the southeastern coastal region of China was developed. The benchmark city can be used to compare existing assessment frameworks and calibrate the assessment results. The demographics, site conditions, and potential hazard exposure of the benchmark city, as well as land use and building inventory are described in this paper. Data of lifeline systems are provided, including power, transportation, water, drainage, and natural gas distribution networks, as well as the locations of hospitals, emergency shelters, and schools. Data from past earthquakes and the literature were obtained to develop seismic fragility models, consequence models, and recovery models, which can be used as basic data or calibration data in the resilience assessment process. To demonstrate the completeness of the data included in the benchmark city, a case study on the accessibility of emergency rescue after earthquakes was conducted, and the preliminary results were discussed. The ultimate goal of this benchmark city is to provide a platform for calibrating resilience assessment results and to facilitate the development of resilient cities in China.
基金the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration(CEA)under Grant No.2019EEEVL0505the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51908519and the Scientific Research Fund of the IEM,CEA under Grant No.2019B02。
文摘An urban water supply network(WSN)is a crucial lifeline system that helps to maintain the normal functioning of modern society.However,the hydraulic analysis of a significantly damaged WSN that suffers from pipe breaks or leaks remains challenging.In this paper,a probability-based framework is proposed to assess the functionality of WSNs in the aftermath of powerful earthquakes.The serviceability of the WSN is quantified by using a comprehensive index that considers nodal water flow and nodal pressure.This index includes a coefficient that reflects the relative importance of these two parameters.The demand reduction(DR)method,which reduces the water flow of nodes while preventing the negative pressure of nodes,is proposed.The difference between the negative pressure elimination(NPE)method and the DR method is discussed by using the example of a WSN in a medium-sized city in China.The functionality values of the WSN are 0.76 and 0.99 when nodal pressure and nodal demands are used respectively as the index of system serviceability at an intensity level that would pertain to an earthquake considered to occur at a maximum level.When the intensity of ground motion is as high as 0.4 g,the DR method requires fewer samples than the NPE method to obtain accurate results.The NPE method eliminates most of the pipes,which may be unrealistic.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.51578315the Major Projects Fund of Chinese Ministry of Transport under contract No.201332849A090
文摘Natural hazards such as hurricanes may cause extensive economic losses and social disruption for civil structures and infrastructures in coastal areas, implying the importance of understanding the construction performance subjected to hurricanes and assessing the hurricane damages properly. The intensity and frequency of hurricanes have been reported to change with time due to the potential impact of climate change.In this paper, a probability-based model of hurricane damage assessment for coastal constructions is proposed taking into account the non-stationarity in hurricane intensity and frequency. The nonhomogeneous Poisson process is employed to model the non-stationarity in hurricane occurrence while the non-stationarity in hurricane intensity is reflected by the time-variant statistical parameters(e.g., mean value and/or standard deviation), with which the mean value and variation of the cumulative hurricane damage are evaluated explicitly. The Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA, is chosen to illustrate the hurricane damage assessment method proposed in this paper. The role of non-stationarity in hurricane intensity and occurrence rate due to climate change in hurricane damage is investigated using some representative changing patterns of hurricane parameters.
