Aluminum （Al） toxicity is the major limiting factor for wheat growth in acidic soils. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance is one of the most cost-effective solutions to improve wheat productivity. The objective of t...Aluminum （Al） toxicity is the major limiting factor for wheat growth in acidic soils. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance is one of the most cost-effective solutions to improve wheat productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize near isogenic lines （NILs） contrasting in Al tolerance derived from Atlas 66 in the backgrounds of Al-sensitive cultivars Chisholm and Century using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR）. A total of 200 AFLP and 88 SSR primer pairs were screened and 12 markers （11 AFLPs and one SSR） were associated with Al-tolerance in NILs of at least one recurrent parental background. Among them, nine were linked to A1 tolerance in the Chisholm-derived NILs, seven were associated with Al-tolerance in the Century-derived NILs, and three AFLPs derived from the primer combinations of pAG/mGCAG, pCAG/mAGC and pGTG/mGCG, and one SSR, Xwmc331 on chromosome 4D, associated with A1 tolerance in NILs of both recurrent parental backgrounds. Those common markers across two backgrounds may be the major marker loci associated with Al-tolerance in Atlas 66 and could be useful for marker-assisted breeding to improve Al tolerance in wheat. In addition, evaluation of Al tolerance among different genotypes using hematoxylin stain and relative root growth revealed that Atlas 66 was more tolerant to Al stress than the NILs, therefore suggested that the Al-tolerant NILs might not carry all Al-tolerance loci from Arias 66 and inheritance of Al tolerance in Arias 66 is more likely multigenic.展开更多
目的:对3个品种砂梨的贮藏期和品质进行评价,为品种选育和保鲜技术的研发提供理论支撑。方法:以遗传背景相似的早生新水、沪晶梨18(HJ18)、沪晶梨67(HJ67)为试材,分别将成熟度一致的3个品种砂梨果实放置于温度为(1.0±0.5)℃、相对...目的:对3个品种砂梨的贮藏期和品质进行评价,为品种选育和保鲜技术的研发提供理论支撑。方法:以遗传背景相似的早生新水、沪晶梨18(HJ18)、沪晶梨67(HJ67)为试材,分别将成熟度一致的3个品种砂梨果实放置于温度为(1.0±0.5)℃、相对湿度85%~90%的冷库中贮藏60 d,每10 d对果实质构、糖酸及挥发性物质进行测定,基于聚类、主成分、时序分析,划分贮藏期和贮藏品质。结果:3个品种砂梨果实质地、糖酸及挥发性物质均受到贮藏时间的调控,且不同指标间有一定的相关性。可将14个品质评价参数简化为果肉组织硬度、咀嚼性、紧实度、果皮脆性、弹性、苹果酸、柠檬酸、可溶性固形物和果糖9个指标;传感器S2、S6、S7、S8、S9的贡献率较大。基于14个品质指标,贮藏期间的HJ67与早生新水和HJ18处于相对独立的空间;基于10个传感器响应值,3个品种存在空间交集,未得到有效区分。3个品种砂梨的贮藏时间被划分为不同的区间,基于质地、非挥发性和挥发性物质的划分结果较为一致,HJ67被划分为0~20,30,40~50,60 d 4个时间段。结论:HJ67质地、糖酸含量和挥发性物质与早生新水和HJ18差异显著,风味较浓郁。使用指数方程能较好地拟合3个品种砂梨果实质地的变化,非线性方程能够较好地描述糖酸含量的变化,两个预测模型的预测误差较低。展开更多
鉴于国内核物理实验对高性能硅探测器有大量需求,而国外对中国进行技术封锁,满足实验需求的高性能探测器不易获得.中国科学院近代物理研究所在原有制备工艺基础上首次采用套刻技术,有效减少了光刻及腐蚀过程造成的Si O2沾污,大幅提高了...鉴于国内核物理实验对高性能硅探测器有大量需求,而国外对中国进行技术封锁,满足实验需求的高性能探测器不易获得.中国科学院近代物理研究所在原有制备工艺基础上首次采用套刻技术,有效减少了光刻及腐蚀过程造成的Si O2沾污,大幅提高了探测器性能和成品率.本文对采用该工艺研制的300μm厚,有效面积50 mm×50 mm硅探测器进行电学性能测试和在束探测性能测试.探测器在-45 V耗尽电压下,其漏电流小于40 n A,对5 Me V左右的a粒子的能量分辨(σ)约为45 ke V.将该探测器作为能量沉积(ΔE)探测器,利用250 Me V/u的11C放射性束流及其在次级碳靶上的反应产物对探测器进行了探测性能测试.测试结果显示,该探测器对于C元素的电荷数Z的分辨为0.17,与文献中记录的国外生产的同类型探测器的实验数据(Z分辨0.19)相当,可以满足中高能放射性束实验对轻质量区粒子鉴别的要求.展开更多
基金supported by grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30640045)Program of Science and Technology of Guangzhou Province(2007J1-C0111)+1 种基金Education Bureau of Guangzhou Municipality(62002)United States Department of America(USDA),and a GTZ project(No.2002.7860.6-001.00 and Contract No.81060503)sponsored by German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development(BMZ).
文摘Aluminum （Al） toxicity is the major limiting factor for wheat growth in acidic soils. Genetic improvement of Al tolerance is one of the most cost-effective solutions to improve wheat productivity. The objective of this study was to characterize near isogenic lines （NILs） contrasting in Al tolerance derived from Atlas 66 in the backgrounds of Al-sensitive cultivars Chisholm and Century using amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） and simple sequence repeat （SSR）. A total of 200 AFLP and 88 SSR primer pairs were screened and 12 markers （11 AFLPs and one SSR） were associated with Al-tolerance in NILs of at least one recurrent parental background. Among them, nine were linked to A1 tolerance in the Chisholm-derived NILs, seven were associated with Al-tolerance in the Century-derived NILs, and three AFLPs derived from the primer combinations of pAG/mGCAG, pCAG/mAGC and pGTG/mGCG, and one SSR, Xwmc331 on chromosome 4D, associated with A1 tolerance in NILs of both recurrent parental backgrounds. Those common markers across two backgrounds may be the major marker loci associated with Al-tolerance in Atlas 66 and could be useful for marker-assisted breeding to improve Al tolerance in wheat. In addition, evaluation of Al tolerance among different genotypes using hematoxylin stain and relative root growth revealed that Atlas 66 was more tolerant to Al stress than the NILs, therefore suggested that the Al-tolerant NILs might not carry all Al-tolerance loci from Arias 66 and inheritance of Al tolerance in Arias 66 is more likely multigenic.
文摘目的:对3个品种砂梨的贮藏期和品质进行评价,为品种选育和保鲜技术的研发提供理论支撑。方法:以遗传背景相似的早生新水、沪晶梨18(HJ18)、沪晶梨67(HJ67)为试材,分别将成熟度一致的3个品种砂梨果实放置于温度为(1.0±0.5)℃、相对湿度85%~90%的冷库中贮藏60 d,每10 d对果实质构、糖酸及挥发性物质进行测定,基于聚类、主成分、时序分析,划分贮藏期和贮藏品质。结果:3个品种砂梨果实质地、糖酸及挥发性物质均受到贮藏时间的调控,且不同指标间有一定的相关性。可将14个品质评价参数简化为果肉组织硬度、咀嚼性、紧实度、果皮脆性、弹性、苹果酸、柠檬酸、可溶性固形物和果糖9个指标;传感器S2、S6、S7、S8、S9的贡献率较大。基于14个品质指标,贮藏期间的HJ67与早生新水和HJ18处于相对独立的空间;基于10个传感器响应值,3个品种存在空间交集,未得到有效区分。3个品种砂梨的贮藏时间被划分为不同的区间,基于质地、非挥发性和挥发性物质的划分结果较为一致,HJ67被划分为0~20,30,40~50,60 d 4个时间段。结论:HJ67质地、糖酸含量和挥发性物质与早生新水和HJ18差异显著,风味较浓郁。使用指数方程能较好地拟合3个品种砂梨果实质地的变化,非线性方程能够较好地描述糖酸含量的变化,两个预测模型的预测误差较低。
文摘鉴于国内核物理实验对高性能硅探测器有大量需求,而国外对中国进行技术封锁,满足实验需求的高性能探测器不易获得.中国科学院近代物理研究所在原有制备工艺基础上首次采用套刻技术,有效减少了光刻及腐蚀过程造成的Si O2沾污,大幅提高了探测器性能和成品率.本文对采用该工艺研制的300μm厚,有效面积50 mm×50 mm硅探测器进行电学性能测试和在束探测性能测试.探测器在-45 V耗尽电压下,其漏电流小于40 n A,对5 Me V左右的a粒子的能量分辨(σ)约为45 ke V.将该探测器作为能量沉积(ΔE)探测器,利用250 Me V/u的11C放射性束流及其在次级碳靶上的反应产物对探测器进行了探测性能测试.测试结果显示,该探测器对于C元素的电荷数Z的分辨为0.17,与文献中记录的国外生产的同类型探测器的实验数据(Z分辨0.19)相当,可以满足中高能放射性束实验对轻质量区粒子鉴别的要求.
