Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceedin...Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceeding in the Yellow Sea since 2007. It was, however, unclear how the detached U. prolifera responded and resumed growing after they detached from its original habitat. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of the detached U. prolifera to various temperature, salinity and irradiance in the laboratory. The photosynthetic rate of the detached U. prolifera was significantly higher at moderate temperature levels（14–27℃）and high salinity（26–32）, with optimum at 23℃ and 32. Both low（14℃） and highest temperature（40℃）, as well as low salinity（8） had adverse effects on the photosynthesis. Compared with the other Ulva species, U. prolifera showed higher saturated irradiance and no significant photoinhibition at high irradiance, indicating the great tolerance of U. prolifera to the high irradiance. The dense branch and complex structure of floating mats could help protect the thalli and reduce photoinhibition in field. Furthermore, temperature exerted a stronger influence on the growth rate of the detached U. prolifera compared to salinity. Overall, the high growth rate of this detached U. prolifera（10.6%–16.7% d^–1） at a wide range of temperature（5–32℃） and salinity（14–32） implied its blooming tendency with fluctuated salinity and temperature during floating. The environmental parameters in the southwestern Yellow Sea at the beginning of green tide were coincident with the optimal conditions for the detached U. prolifera.展开更多
Four sections of expendable conductivity-temperature-depth （XCTD） profiles from Fremantle, Australia to Antarctic Zhongshan Station and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aquarius （MODIS-A） sea surface ...Four sections of expendable conductivity-temperature-depth （XCTD） profiles from Fremantle, Australia to Antarctic Zhongshan Station and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aquarius （MODIS-A） sea surface temperature （SST） products were used to study the structure and seasonal variability of Southeast Indian Ocean fronts. Water mass analysis showed that surface water masses in the Southeast Indian Ocean were less salty in March than in November. Compared with November, the subtropical front （STF） moved southward about one degree of latitude in March, whereas seasonal variability of the subantarctic front （SAF） and polar front （PF） locations was not obvious. In March, the saline front moved northward about two degrees of latitude relative to the thermal front in the upper 100 m at the SAF, which was the northern boundary of sub- Antarctic surface water （SASW）. Analysis of climatological SST gradients from the satellite data showed that regions of enhanced sea surface temperature （SST） gradients were collocated with frontal locations identified with the XCTD data using water mass criteria. The surface expression of the PF identified by the SST gradient was further south by about one degree of latitude relative to the subsurface expression of the PF identified by the northern boundary of cold water.展开更多
A small armed dinoflagellate bloomed in the aquaculture ponds off the coast of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea of China, resulting in heavy mortalities of the cultured prawns （Penaeusjaponicus） and larvae of Chinese mitten ...A small armed dinoflagellate bloomed in the aquaculture ponds off the coast of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea of China, resulting in heavy mortalities of the cultured prawns （Penaeusjaponicus） and larvae of Chinese mitten handed crabs （Eriocheir sinensis）. The bloom-forming species was successfully isolated, and cellular morphology of the specimen was consequently investigated through light, fluorescent and electron microscopy. The small （（14.4±1.6） μm in length） ellipsoid cells show typical Heterocapsa thecal plate arrangement （Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5′″, 2″″）. The episome is evidently bigger than the hyposome. One to three spherical pyrenoids are located above or beside the large elongated nucleus. The body scale is characterized by a triangle basal plate with one central upright and nine peripheral spines. Above all, Heterocapsa bohaiensis could be distinguished from other Heterocapsa species by the combination of the cell size, morphology, cellular structure and body scale. Sequence analyses of both ITS and LSU regions reveal the significant genetic divergence between H. bohaiensis and other established species in this genus, further supporting novelty of this species. Noticeably, different sample treatment methods resulted in morphological variation of the apical pore complex （APC） of H. bohaiensis, which needs to be taken into account in future study.展开更多
目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(GBE)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:90只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、COPD对照组(B组)、GBE早期干预组(C组)、GBE后期干预组(D组...目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(GBE)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:90只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、COPD对照组(B组)、GBE早期干预组(C组)、GBE后期干预组(D组)、红霉素早期干预组(E组)、红霉素后期干预组(F组),每组15只。除A组外,余各组进行28 d COPD造模。C、D组在第1~14天和29~42天用GBE干预;E、F组在第1~14天和第29~42天用红霉素干预,实验结束后检测各组大鼠血清及BALF中CRP、TNF-α的含量。结果:与B组比较,C、D、E、F组血清及BALF中CRP、TNF-α含量均显著下降(P<0.05);C、E、F组血清及BALF中CRP、BALF中TNF-α含量下降较D组明显(P<0.05)。结论:GBE可抑制COPD大鼠气道及全身炎症反应,且早期干预效果更好。展开更多
基金The Special Funds for Basic Ocean Science Research of FIO under contract Nos 2012T08,2014G33 and 2008T30the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Shandong Joint Funded Project“Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences”under contract No.U1406403+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41206162 and 41206161the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract No.2010CB428703
文摘Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceeding in the Yellow Sea since 2007. It was, however, unclear how the detached U. prolifera responded and resumed growing after they detached from its original habitat. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of the detached U. prolifera to various temperature, salinity and irradiance in the laboratory. The photosynthetic rate of the detached U. prolifera was significantly higher at moderate temperature levels（14–27℃）and high salinity（26–32）, with optimum at 23℃ and 32. Both low（14℃） and highest temperature（40℃）, as well as low salinity（8） had adverse effects on the photosynthesis. Compared with the other Ulva species, U. prolifera showed higher saturated irradiance and no significant photoinhibition at high irradiance, indicating the great tolerance of U. prolifera to the high irradiance. The dense branch and complex structure of floating mats could help protect the thalli and reduce photoinhibition in field. Furthermore, temperature exerted a stronger influence on the growth rate of the detached U. prolifera compared to salinity. Overall, the high growth rate of this detached U. prolifera（10.6%–16.7% d^–1） at a wide range of temperature（5–32℃） and salinity（14–32） implied its blooming tendency with fluctuated salinity and temperature during floating. The environmental parameters in the southwestern Yellow Sea at the beginning of green tide were coincident with the optimal conditions for the detached U. prolifera.
基金supported by the Chinese Polar Environment Comprehensive Investigation & Assessment Programs (Grant nos. CHINARE2012-2016 for 01-01-07, CHINARE2016-01-01, and CHINARE2016-04-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41306206 and U1406404)
文摘Four sections of expendable conductivity-temperature-depth （XCTD） profiles from Fremantle, Australia to Antarctic Zhongshan Station and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aquarius （MODIS-A） sea surface temperature （SST） products were used to study the structure and seasonal variability of Southeast Indian Ocean fronts. Water mass analysis showed that surface water masses in the Southeast Indian Ocean were less salty in March than in November. Compared with November, the subtropical front （STF） moved southward about one degree of latitude in March, whereas seasonal variability of the subantarctic front （SAF） and polar front （PF） locations was not obvious. In March, the saline front moved northward about two degrees of latitude relative to the thermal front in the upper 100 m at the SAF, which was the northern boundary of sub- Antarctic surface water （SASW）. Analysis of climatological SST gradients from the satellite data showed that regions of enhanced sea surface temperature （SST） gradients were collocated with frontal locations identified with the XCTD data using water mass criteria. The surface expression of the PF identified by the SST gradient was further south by about one degree of latitude relative to the subsurface expression of the PF identified by the northern boundary of cold water.
基金The NSFC-Shandong Joint Funded Project under contract No.U1406403the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41506191 and 41306171
文摘A small armed dinoflagellate bloomed in the aquaculture ponds off the coast of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea of China, resulting in heavy mortalities of the cultured prawns （Penaeusjaponicus） and larvae of Chinese mitten handed crabs （Eriocheir sinensis）. The bloom-forming species was successfully isolated, and cellular morphology of the specimen was consequently investigated through light, fluorescent and electron microscopy. The small （（14.4±1.6） μm in length） ellipsoid cells show typical Heterocapsa thecal plate arrangement （Po, cp, 5′, 3a, 7″, 6c, 5s, 5′″, 2″″）. The episome is evidently bigger than the hyposome. One to three spherical pyrenoids are located above or beside the large elongated nucleus. The body scale is characterized by a triangle basal plate with one central upright and nine peripheral spines. Above all, Heterocapsa bohaiensis could be distinguished from other Heterocapsa species by the combination of the cell size, morphology, cellular structure and body scale. Sequence analyses of both ITS and LSU regions reveal the significant genetic divergence between H. bohaiensis and other established species in this genus, further supporting novelty of this species. Noticeably, different sample treatment methods resulted in morphological variation of the apical pore complex （APC） of H. bohaiensis, which needs to be taken into account in future study.
文摘目的:探讨银杏叶提取物(GBE)对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠血清、肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中C反应蛋白(CRP)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:90只大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、COPD对照组(B组)、GBE早期干预组(C组)、GBE后期干预组(D组)、红霉素早期干预组(E组)、红霉素后期干预组(F组),每组15只。除A组外,余各组进行28 d COPD造模。C、D组在第1~14天和29~42天用GBE干预;E、F组在第1~14天和第29~42天用红霉素干预,实验结束后检测各组大鼠血清及BALF中CRP、TNF-α的含量。结果:与B组比较,C、D、E、F组血清及BALF中CRP、TNF-α含量均显著下降(P<0.05);C、E、F组血清及BALF中CRP、BALF中TNF-α含量下降较D组明显(P<0.05)。结论:GBE可抑制COPD大鼠气道及全身炎症反应,且早期干预效果更好。
