The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research.Conventional homogenization experime...The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research.Conventional homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope-mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold-seal high-pressure vessels.Heating stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization processes.In contrast,cold-seal high-pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures,although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this approach.Here we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell （HDAC） apparatus to homogenize SMIs.This is the only current method wherein phase changes in high-internal-pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments,which represents an advantage over other conventional methods.Using an HDAC apparatus prevents high-internal-pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure,in addition to allowing in situ observations of SMIs.The type-V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types,potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working distance.Homogenization experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps,including HDAC preparation,sample preparation,sample loading,preheating,and formal heating,be carefully followed.Homogenization experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit （Sichuan,China） are best performed using an HDAC-based approach,because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs,combined with a short heating duration,helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs,in addition to allowing in situ observations during homogenization experiments.Furthermore,using the HDAC approach has other benefits：heating rates can be precisely controlled,wafer oxidization can be prevented,and samples can be subjected to in situ microbeam analysis.In summary,homogenization using HDAC provides more reliable results than those obtained using conventional heating equipment.Future developments will include improvements to the quenching method and temperature controls for the HDAC apparatus,thereby improving the utility of this approach for SMI homogenization experiments.展开更多
为抑制双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)风电场与串补输电线路间次同步控制相互作用(sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI),提出基于改进无源控制的SSCI抑制策略。首先,分析了DFIG并网中SSCI发生机理,发现转...为抑制双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)风电场与串补输电线路间次同步控制相互作用(sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI),提出基于改进无源控制的SSCI抑制策略。首先,分析了DFIG并网中SSCI发生机理,发现转子侧变流器双环PI控制对SSCI影响较大,可对PI控制进行改进以抑制SSCI。其次,基于DFIG欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型和无源理论,设计转子侧无源控制器,通过计算稳定状态点,注入阻尼抑制SSCI。为提高抑制能力,采用带通滤波器改进无源控制,通过保持输入信号稳定提升控制器性能。最后,给出小干扰分析和时域仿真分析结果,并与PI控制和常规无源控制对比,验证所提策略在串补度变化和风速变化时的抑制效果。展开更多
文章基于互联电网安全稳定控制系统(security and stability control system,SSCS)分层结构和有向指令传输,建立概率加权有向图模型;由于该模型不具有布尔特性,基于路径搜索算法,提出概率加权全连通矩阵;从维护有功平衡能力角度,提出SSC...文章基于互联电网安全稳定控制系统(security and stability control system,SSCS)分层结构和有向指令传输,建立概率加权有向图模型;由于该模型不具有布尔特性,基于路径搜索算法,提出概率加权全连通矩阵;从维护有功平衡能力角度,提出SSCS功能可靠性指标。为提高SSCS可靠性,提出功能可靠性指标对直流线路可靠性参数的灵敏度模型。研究结果表明:上层控制站点和连接通道较多的控制站点对SSCS可靠性影响较大;提高系统结构的可靠性、增加可调节容量,有助于改善功能可靠性和提高大型跨区电网频率稳定水平。展开更多
特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一...特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一种计及无功补偿和谐波特性的ACF可靠性模型,用矩阵组合将单一型号滤波器状态空间(state space,SS)合并成ACF所有配置方案的SS模型。由ACUHVDC基波潮流确定ACF需提供无功容量等级,进而将配置方案分组。由谐波潮流计算各配置方案的谐波指标,若谐波电流超标,将配置方案移至容量等级较低分组。根据分组情况,合并配置方案为五状态容量模型。算例表明,配置方案按无功补偿分组后,可能会因不满足滤波指标而被移至0%CL分组,故0%CL状态概率可能比75%CL、50%CL或25%CL状态高。展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese SinoProbe Project (SinoProbe-03-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41372088)the China Geological Survey Program (1212011220805)
文摘The homogenization of silicate melt inclusions （SMIs）,small droplets of silicate melt trapped in magmatic minerals,is an important component of petrogenetic and magmatic research.Conventional homogenization experiments on SMIs use microscope-mounted heating stages capable of producing high temperatures at 1 atm and cold-seal high-pressure vessels.Heating stages are generally used for SMIs with low internal pressures and allow in situ observations of the homogenization processes.In contrast,cold-seal high-pressure vessels are generally used to heat SMIs that have high internal pressures,although the homogenized SMIs can only be observed after quenching in this approach.Here we outline an alternative approach that uses a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell （HDAC） apparatus to homogenize SMIs.This is the only current method wherein phase changes in high-internal-pressure SMIs can be observed in situ during homogenization experiments,which represents an advantage over other conventional methods.Using an HDAC apparatus prevents high-internal-pressure SMIs from decrepitating during heating by elevating their external pressure,in addition to allowing in situ observations of SMIs.The type-V HDAC that is currently being used has a shorter distance between the sample chamber and the observation window than earlier types,potentially enabling continuous observation of the processes involved in heating and SMI homogenization through an objective lens with a long working distance.Homogenization experiments using HDAC require that a number of steps,including HDAC preparation,sample preparation,sample loading,preheating,and formal heating,be carefully followed.Homogenization experiments on SMIs within granite samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit （Sichuan,China） are best performed using an HDAC-based approach,because the elevated proper external pressure of these SMIs,combined with a short heating duration,helps to suppress material leakage and any reactions within the SMIs,in addition to allowing in situ observations during homogenization experiments.Furthermore,using the HDAC approach has other benefits：heating rates can be precisely controlled,wafer oxidization can be prevented,and samples can be subjected to in situ microbeam analysis.In summary,homogenization using HDAC provides more reliable results than those obtained using conventional heating equipment.Future developments will include improvements to the quenching method and temperature controls for the HDAC apparatus,thereby improving the utility of this approach for SMI homogenization experiments.
文摘为抑制双馈感应发电机(doubly-fed induction generator,DFIG)风电场与串补输电线路间次同步控制相互作用(sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI),提出基于改进无源控制的SSCI抑制策略。首先,分析了DFIG并网中SSCI发生机理,发现转子侧变流器双环PI控制对SSCI影响较大,可对PI控制进行改进以抑制SSCI。其次,基于DFIG欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange,EL)模型和无源理论,设计转子侧无源控制器,通过计算稳定状态点,注入阻尼抑制SSCI。为提高抑制能力,采用带通滤波器改进无源控制,通过保持输入信号稳定提升控制器性能。最后,给出小干扰分析和时域仿真分析结果,并与PI控制和常规无源控制对比,验证所提策略在串补度变化和风速变化时的抑制效果。
文摘文章基于互联电网安全稳定控制系统(security and stability control system,SSCS)分层结构和有向指令传输,建立概率加权有向图模型;由于该模型不具有布尔特性,基于路径搜索算法,提出概率加权全连通矩阵;从维护有功平衡能力角度,提出SSCS功能可靠性指标。为提高SSCS可靠性,提出功能可靠性指标对直流线路可靠性参数的灵敏度模型。研究结果表明:上层控制站点和连接通道较多的控制站点对SSCS可靠性影响较大;提高系统结构的可靠性、增加可调节容量,有助于改善功能可靠性和提高大型跨区电网频率稳定水平。
文摘特高压直流输电(ultra high voltage direct current,UHVDC)故障对电网影响严重,建立精确的可靠性模型十分必要。交流滤波器(ACfilter,ACF)子系统与交流母线并联,可补偿无功,减少谐波。谐波过大或无功不足均可能导致UHVDC降额。提出一种计及无功补偿和谐波特性的ACF可靠性模型,用矩阵组合将单一型号滤波器状态空间(state space,SS)合并成ACF所有配置方案的SS模型。由ACUHVDC基波潮流确定ACF需提供无功容量等级,进而将配置方案分组。由谐波潮流计算各配置方案的谐波指标,若谐波电流超标,将配置方案移至容量等级较低分组。根据分组情况,合并配置方案为五状态容量模型。算例表明,配置方案按无功补偿分组后,可能会因不满足滤波指标而被移至0%CL分组,故0%CL状态概率可能比75%CL、50%CL或25%CL状态高。
