The Qinling Mountains are the main source of water supply to the Weihe River and Hanjiang River,but systematic studies on runoff changes in this region are lacking.This study simulated the annual runoff in the Qinling...The Qinling Mountains are the main source of water supply to the Weihe River and Hanjiang River,but systematic studies on runoff changes in this region are lacking.This study simulated the annual runoff in the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 using the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model and projected runoff changes from 2015 to 2100 under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways(SSPs).Moreover,the water demand in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains from 2019 to 2100 was analyzed by constructing a system dynamic method.The results show that the mean annual runoff in the southern and northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 were 21.5×10^(9) and 3.52×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.Under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2015 to 2100,the mean annual runoff in the southern(northern)slope will increase by 2.9(1.5),2.0(1.4),2.7(1.6),and-2.1(0.4)×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.The mean annual water consumption in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains for Baoji,Xi’an,and Weinan cities is projected to increase from 4.1×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 7.6×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100,while that in the southern foothills for Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo cites is projected to increase from 2.7×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 4.8×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100.Thus,runoff in the southern slope is much larger than the water demand in the southern foothill.The increase of runoff in the northern slope cannot satisfy the water demand in the northern foothill.Therefore,the South-to-North Water Transfer project is proposed for meeting the water demand in the northern foothill.Under the premise of ensuring downstream water demand,approximately 10.5×10^(9) m^(3) of water resources can be transferred from the southern slope to the Weihe River and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan regions under SSP1-2.6,but only 3.9×10^(9) m^(3) can be transferred under SSP5-8.5.展开更多
The plant mitochondrial genome displays complex features, particularly in terms of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS）. Therefore, research on the cotton mitochondrial genome may provide important information for analy...The plant mitochondrial genome displays complex features, particularly in terms of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS）. Therefore, research on the cotton mitochondrial genome may provide important information for analyzing genome evolution and exploring the molecular mechanism of CMS. In this paper, we present a preliminary study on the mitochondrial genome of sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense） based on positive clones from the bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library. Thirty-five primers designed with the conserved sequences of functional genes and exons of mitochondria were used to screen positive clones in the genome library of the sea island cotton variety called Pima 90-53. Ten BAC clones were obtained and verified for further study. A contig was obtained based on six overlapping clones and subsequently laid out primarily on the mitochondrial genome. One BAC clone, clone 6 harbored with the inserter of approximate 115 kb mtDNA sequence, in which more than 10 primers fragments could be amplified, was sequenced and assembled using the Solexa strategy. Fifteen mitochondrial functional genes were revealed in clone 6 by gene annotation. The characteristics of the syntenic gene/exon of the sequences and RNA editing were preliminarily predicted.展开更多
Mixture of Experts(MoE)regression models are widely studied in statistics and machine learning for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression,clustering and classification.Laplace distribution is one of the most im...Mixture of Experts(MoE)regression models are widely studied in statistics and machine learning for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression,clustering and classification.Laplace distribution is one of the most important statistical tools to analyze thick and tail data.Laplace Mixture of Linear Experts(LMoLE)regression models are based on the Laplace distribution which is more robust.Similar to modelling variance parameter in a homogeneous population,we propose and study a new novel class of models:heteroscedastic Laplace mixture of experts regression models to analyze the heteroscedastic data coming from a heterogeneous population in this paper.The issues of maximum likelihood estimation are addressed.In particular,Minorization-Maximization(MM)algorithm for estimating the regression parameters is developed.Properties of the estimators of the regression coefficients are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.Results from the analysis of two real data sets are presented.展开更多
目的分析残余肾功能(residual renal function,RRF)对血液透析患者营养状况及生活质量的影响。方法选取血液透析患者67例,将患者透析前24h内尿量≥200 ml/d分为有RRF组、尿量<200ml/d为无RRF组,收集患者临床资料,比较血浆白蛋白、前...目的分析残余肾功能(residual renal function,RRF)对血液透析患者营养状况及生活质量的影响。方法选取血液透析患者67例,将患者透析前24h内尿量≥200 ml/d分为有RRF组、尿量<200ml/d为无RRF组,收集患者临床资料,比较血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、骨骼肌指数等营养指标;按年龄将2组患者进一步分为青年组(18~<45岁)、中年组(45~<60岁)和老年组(≥60岁)亚组,利用简明健康调查量表(the MOS 36 item short form health survey,SF-36)评估对应亚组患者的生活质量。结果①有RRF组(n=27)患者血浆前白蛋白水平(t=2.167,P=0.034)及骨骼肌指数(t=4.131,P<0.001)优于无RRF组(n=40);②具有RRF的青年组(n=8)及老年组(n=7)生理职能(青年组:t=4.781,P<0.001,老年组:t=2.306,P=0.036)、情感功能(青年组:t=3.606,P=0.005,老年组:t=2.542,P=0.023)、精神健康(青年组:t=2.621,P=0.026,老年组:t=2.518,P=0.024)、精力(青年组:t=4.111,P=0.002,老年组:t=2.165,P=0.047)和社会功能(青年组:t=3.308,P=0.008,老年组:t=2.136,P=0.049)等5个维度SF-36评分均高于无RRF组青年组(n=9)及老年组(n=19),躯体疼痛评分(青年组:t=3.400,P=0.007,老年组:t=2.439,P=0.028)低于无RRF组;而有RRF的中年组(n=12)较无RRF的中年组(n=12)患者精神健康(t=2.513,P=0.027)、精力(t=2.521,P=0.034)和社会功能(t=4.781,P=0.031)等3个维度SF-36评分更高,躯体疼痛评分(t=2.449,P=0.025)较低。结论具有RRF血液透析患者营养状况更好;RRF可全方位提高青年人群及老年人群生活质量,而对中年人群生活质量的影响有限。展开更多
目的研究极早产儿存活率和严重并发症发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2019年12月江苏省11家医院新生儿科收治的极早产儿(胎龄<32周)的一般资料,分析其存活率和严重并发症发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析...目的研究极早产儿存活率和严重并发症发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2019年12月江苏省11家医院新生儿科收治的极早产儿(胎龄<32周)的一般资料,分析其存活率和严重并发症发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析评估极早产儿死亡和严重并发症发生的危险因素。结果共纳入极早产儿2339例,其中存活2010例(85.93%),无严重并发症存活1507例(64.43%)。胎龄22~25^(+6)周、26~26^(+6)周、27~27^(+6)周、28~28^(+6)周、29~29^(+6)周、30~30^(+6)周、31~31^(^(+6))周各组极早产儿存活率分别是32.5%、60.6%、68.0%、82.9%、90.1%、92.3%、94.8%,随着胎龄增加,存活率呈升高趋势(P<0.05);相同胎龄分组下无严重并发症存活率分别是7.5%、18.1%、34.5%、52.2%、66.7%、75.7%、81.8%,随着胎龄增加,无严重并发症存活率呈升高趋势(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素是极早产儿死亡的保护因素(P<0.05),而1 min Apgar评分≤3分是极早产儿死亡的危险因素(P<0.05);胎龄大、出生体重大是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的保护因素(P<0.05),而5 min Apgar评分≤3分、母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论极早产儿存活率与胎龄密切相关。1 min Apgar评分≤3分可增加极早产儿死亡的风险,而胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素与死亡风险降低有关。5 min Apgar评分≤3分和母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎可增加极早产儿严重并发症发生的风险,而胎龄大、出生体重大可降低严重并发症发生的风险。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41771030,41901071)。
文摘The Qinling Mountains are the main source of water supply to the Weihe River and Hanjiang River,but systematic studies on runoff changes in this region are lacking.This study simulated the annual runoff in the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 using the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model and projected runoff changes from 2015 to 2100 under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways(SSPs).Moreover,the water demand in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains from 2019 to 2100 was analyzed by constructing a system dynamic method.The results show that the mean annual runoff in the southern and northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 were 21.5×10^(9) and 3.52×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.Under the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2015 to 2100,the mean annual runoff in the southern(northern)slope will increase by 2.9(1.5),2.0(1.4),2.7(1.6),and-2.1(0.4)×10^(9) m^(3),respectively.The mean annual water consumption in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains for Baoji,Xi’an,and Weinan cities is projected to increase from 4.1×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 7.6×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100,while that in the southern foothills for Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo cites is projected to increase from 2.7×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 4.8×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100.Thus,runoff in the southern slope is much larger than the water demand in the southern foothill.The increase of runoff in the northern slope cannot satisfy the water demand in the northern foothill.Therefore,the South-to-North Water Transfer project is proposed for meeting the water demand in the northern foothill.Under the premise of ensuring downstream water demand,approximately 10.5×10^(9) m^(3) of water resources can be transferred from the southern slope to the Weihe River and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan regions under SSP1-2.6,but only 3.9×10^(9) m^(3) can be transferred under SSP5-8.5.
基金supported by the Key Project Founded by Ministry of Education, China (107012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171591)
文摘The plant mitochondrial genome displays complex features, particularly in terms of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS）. Therefore, research on the cotton mitochondrial genome may provide important information for analyzing genome evolution and exploring the molecular mechanism of CMS. In this paper, we present a preliminary study on the mitochondrial genome of sea island cotton （Gossypium barbadense） based on positive clones from the bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） library. Thirty-five primers designed with the conserved sequences of functional genes and exons of mitochondria were used to screen positive clones in the genome library of the sea island cotton variety called Pima 90-53. Ten BAC clones were obtained and verified for further study. A contig was obtained based on six overlapping clones and subsequently laid out primarily on the mitochondrial genome. One BAC clone, clone 6 harbored with the inserter of approximate 115 kb mtDNA sequence, in which more than 10 primers fragments could be amplified, was sequenced and assembled using the Solexa strategy. Fifteen mitochondrial functional genes were revealed in clone 6 by gene annotation. The characteristics of the syntenic gene/exon of the sequences and RNA editing were preliminarily predicted.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11861041,11261025).
文摘Mixture of Experts(MoE)regression models are widely studied in statistics and machine learning for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression,clustering and classification.Laplace distribution is one of the most important statistical tools to analyze thick and tail data.Laplace Mixture of Linear Experts(LMoLE)regression models are based on the Laplace distribution which is more robust.Similar to modelling variance parameter in a homogeneous population,we propose and study a new novel class of models:heteroscedastic Laplace mixture of experts regression models to analyze the heteroscedastic data coming from a heterogeneous population in this paper.The issues of maximum likelihood estimation are addressed.In particular,Minorization-Maximization(MM)algorithm for estimating the regression parameters is developed.Properties of the estimators of the regression coefficients are evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations.Results from the analysis of two real data sets are presented.
文摘目的分析残余肾功能(residual renal function,RRF)对血液透析患者营养状况及生活质量的影响。方法选取血液透析患者67例,将患者透析前24h内尿量≥200 ml/d分为有RRF组、尿量<200ml/d为无RRF组,收集患者临床资料,比较血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、骨骼肌指数等营养指标;按年龄将2组患者进一步分为青年组(18~<45岁)、中年组(45~<60岁)和老年组(≥60岁)亚组,利用简明健康调查量表(the MOS 36 item short form health survey,SF-36)评估对应亚组患者的生活质量。结果①有RRF组(n=27)患者血浆前白蛋白水平(t=2.167,P=0.034)及骨骼肌指数(t=4.131,P<0.001)优于无RRF组(n=40);②具有RRF的青年组(n=8)及老年组(n=7)生理职能(青年组:t=4.781,P<0.001,老年组:t=2.306,P=0.036)、情感功能(青年组:t=3.606,P=0.005,老年组:t=2.542,P=0.023)、精神健康(青年组:t=2.621,P=0.026,老年组:t=2.518,P=0.024)、精力(青年组:t=4.111,P=0.002,老年组:t=2.165,P=0.047)和社会功能(青年组:t=3.308,P=0.008,老年组:t=2.136,P=0.049)等5个维度SF-36评分均高于无RRF组青年组(n=9)及老年组(n=19),躯体疼痛评分(青年组:t=3.400,P=0.007,老年组:t=2.439,P=0.028)低于无RRF组;而有RRF的中年组(n=12)较无RRF的中年组(n=12)患者精神健康(t=2.513,P=0.027)、精力(t=2.521,P=0.034)和社会功能(t=4.781,P=0.031)等3个维度SF-36评分更高,躯体疼痛评分(t=2.449,P=0.025)较低。结论具有RRF血液透析患者营养状况更好;RRF可全方位提高青年人群及老年人群生活质量,而对中年人群生活质量的影响有限。
文摘目的研究极早产儿存活率和严重并发症发生情况,并分析其影响因素。方法回顾性收集2018年1月至2019年12月江苏省11家医院新生儿科收治的极早产儿(胎龄<32周)的一般资料,分析其存活率和严重并发症发生情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析评估极早产儿死亡和严重并发症发生的危险因素。结果共纳入极早产儿2339例,其中存活2010例(85.93%),无严重并发症存活1507例(64.43%)。胎龄22~25^(+6)周、26~26^(+6)周、27~27^(+6)周、28~28^(+6)周、29~29^(+6)周、30~30^(+6)周、31~31^(^(+6))周各组极早产儿存活率分别是32.5%、60.6%、68.0%、82.9%、90.1%、92.3%、94.8%,随着胎龄增加,存活率呈升高趋势(P<0.05);相同胎龄分组下无严重并发症存活率分别是7.5%、18.1%、34.5%、52.2%、66.7%、75.7%、81.8%,随着胎龄增加,无严重并发症存活率呈升高趋势(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素是极早产儿死亡的保护因素(P<0.05),而1 min Apgar评分≤3分是极早产儿死亡的危险因素(P<0.05);胎龄大、出生体重大是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的保护因素(P<0.05),而5 min Apgar评分≤3分、母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎是存活极早产儿发生严重并发症的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论极早产儿存活率与胎龄密切相关。1 min Apgar评分≤3分可增加极早产儿死亡的风险,而胎龄大、出生体重大、母亲产前使用糖皮质激素与死亡风险降低有关。5 min Apgar评分≤3分和母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎可增加极早产儿严重并发症发生的风险,而胎龄大、出生体重大可降低严重并发症发生的风险。
